Exercise 1.

3 2𝑧 + (3 + 𝑖)𝑤 = 9 − 𝑖 → (1)

Q.1 Solve the following simultaneous (3 − 𝑖)𝑧 − 𝑖𝑤 = −1 + 𝑖 → (2)

linear equations with complex coefficients
From Eq.(2), we get
for 𝑤 and 𝑧.
(3 − 𝑖)𝑧 − 𝑖𝑤 = (−1 + 𝑖)
(i) 3𝑧 + (2 + 𝑖)𝑤 = 11 − 𝑖
−𝑖𝑤 = (−1 + 𝑖) − (3 − 𝑖)𝑧
(2 − 𝑖)𝑧 − 𝑤 = −1 + 𝑖
Multiply both sides by 𝑖
Sol. Given that
−𝑖 2 𝑤 = 𝑖(−1 + 𝑖) − 𝑖(3 − 𝑖)𝑧
3𝑧 + (2 + 𝑖)𝑤 = (11 − 𝑖) → (1)
−𝑖 2 𝑤 = (−𝑖 + 𝑖 2 ) − (3𝑖 − 𝑖 2 )𝑧
(2 − 𝑖)𝑧 − 𝑤 = (−1 + 𝑖) → (2)
Put 𝑖 2 = −1
From Eq.(2), we get
−(−1)𝑤 = {−𝑖 + (−1)} − {3𝑖 − (−1)}𝑧
(2 − 𝑖)𝑧 − 𝑤 = (−1 + 𝑖)
𝑤 = (−1 − 𝑖) − (1 + 3𝑖)𝑧 → (3)
(2 − 𝑖)𝑧 − (−1 + 𝑖) = 𝑤
Put this 𝑤 in Eq.(1), we get
𝑤 = (2 − 𝑖)𝑧 − (−1 + 𝑖) → (3)
2𝑧 + (3 + 𝑖){(−1 − 𝑖) − (1 + 3𝑖)𝑧} = 9 − 𝑖
Put this 𝑤 in Eq.(1), we get
2𝑧 + (3 + 𝑖)(−1 − 𝑖) − (3 + 𝑖)(1 + 3𝑖)𝑧
3𝑧 + (2 + 𝑖){(2 − 𝑖)𝑧 − (−1 + 𝑖)} = 11 − 𝑖 =9−𝑖
3𝑧 + (2 + 𝑖)(2 − 𝑖)𝑧 − (2 + 𝑖)(−1 + 𝑖) 2𝑧 + (−3 − 3𝑖 − 𝑖 − 𝑖 2 ) − (3 + 9𝑖 + 𝑖 + 3𝑖 2 )𝑧
= 11 − 𝑖 =9−𝑖
3𝑧 + (4 − 𝑖 2 )𝑧 + 2 + 𝑖 − 2𝑖 − 𝑖 2 = 11 − 𝑖 Put 𝑖 2 = −1
Put 𝑖 2 = −1 2𝑧 + (−3 − 3𝑖 − 𝑖 + 1) − (3 + 9𝑖 + 𝑖 − 3)𝑧
3𝑧 + (4 + 1)𝑧 + 2 + 𝑖 − 2𝑖 + 1 = 11 − 𝑖 =9−𝑖

3𝑧 + 5𝑧 + 3 − 𝑖 = 11 − 𝑖 2𝑧 − 2 − 4𝑖 − 10𝑧𝑖 = 9 − 𝑖

8𝑧 = 8 − 𝑖 + 𝑖 (2 − 10𝑖)𝑧 = 11 + 3𝑖
11 + 3𝑖
𝑧 = 1 Ans. 𝑧=
2 − 10𝑖
Put this 𝑧 = 1 in Eq.(3) 11 + 3𝑖 2 + 10𝑖
𝑧= ×
𝑤 = (2 − 𝑖)(1) + 1 − 𝑖 2 − 10𝑖 2 + 10𝑖
22 + 110𝑖 + 6𝑖 + 30𝑖 2
𝑤 =2−𝑖+1−𝑖 𝑧=
(2)2 − (10𝑖)2
𝑤 = 3 − 2𝑖 Ans.
Put 𝑖 2 = −1
(ii) 2𝑧 + (3 + 𝑖)𝑤 = 9 − 𝑖
22 + 116𝑖 + 30(−1)
𝑧=
(3 − 𝑖)𝑧 − 𝑖𝑤 = −1 + 𝑖 4 − 100(−1)
Sol. Given that

Tahir Khursheed Mughal Complete Sol Ex1.3 Page 1 of 5

 −8 + 116𝑖 𝑃(𝑧) = 𝑧 3 + 3𝑧 2 + 𝑧 − 5
𝑧=
104
Put 𝑧 = 1 in 𝑃(𝑧)
4(−2 + 29𝑖)
𝑧= 𝑃(1) = (1)3 + 3(1)2 + (1) − 5
104
−2+29𝑖 𝑃(1) = 1 + 3 + 1 − 5
𝑧= 26
Ans.
𝑃(1) = 0
−2+29𝑖
Put 𝑧 = in Eq.(3)
26 ∴ (𝑧 − 1) is one of the factors. To find other
−2 + 29𝑖 factors, we divide 𝑃(𝑧) by (𝑧 − 1)
𝑤 = (−1 − 𝑖) − (1 + 3𝑖) ( )
26
1 1 3 1 -5
(1 + 3𝑖)(−2 + 29𝑖)
𝑤 = (−1 − 𝑖) −
26 1 4 5
26(−1 − 𝑖) − (1 + 3𝑖)(−2 + 29𝑖)
𝑤=
26 1 4 5 0
−26 − 26𝑖 − (−2 + 29𝑖 − 6𝑖 + 87𝑖 2 ) Therefore
𝑤=
26
𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 − 1)(𝑧 2 + 4𝑧 + 5)
Put 𝑖 2 = −1
𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 − 1)(𝑧 2 + 4𝑧 + 4 + 1)
−26 − 26𝑖 − (−89 + 23𝑖)
𝑤= 𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 − 1){(𝑧 + 2)2 + 1}
26
−26 − 26𝑖 + 89 − 23𝑖 𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 − 1){(𝑧 + 2)2 − (−1)}
𝑤=
26
𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 − 1){(𝑧 + 2)2 − 𝑖 2 }
63−49𝑖
𝑤= 26
Ans. 𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 − 1){(𝑧 + 2)2 − (𝑖)2 }

Q.2 Write the following polynomials as 𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 − 1){(𝑧 + 2) + 𝑖}{(𝑧 + 2) − 𝑖}

the product of linear factors:
𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 − 1)(𝑧 + 2 + 𝑖)(𝑧 + 2 − 𝑖) 𝐴𝑛𝑠.
2 2
(i) 𝑧 + 81𝑏
(iii) 4𝑧 2 + 9𝑏 2
Sol. Given that
Sol. Given that
2 2
𝑃(𝑧) = 𝑧 + 81𝑏
𝑃(𝑧) = 4𝑧 2 + 9𝑏 2
𝑃(𝑧) = 𝑧 2 − (−1)81𝑏2
𝑃(𝑧) = 4𝑧 2 − (−1)9𝑏2
2 2 2
𝑃(𝑧) = 𝑧 − 𝑖 81𝑏
𝑃(𝑧) = 4𝑧 2 − 𝑖 2 9𝑏 2
𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧)2 − (9𝑏𝑖)2
𝑃(𝑧) = (2𝑧)2 − (3𝑏𝑖)2
𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 + 9𝑏𝑖)(𝑧 − 9𝑏𝑖) 𝐴𝑛𝑠.
𝑃(𝑧) = (2𝑧 + 3𝑏𝑖)(2𝑧 − 3𝑏𝑖) 𝐴𝑛𝑠.
3 2
(ii) 𝑧 + 3𝑧 + 𝑧 − 5
(iv) 𝑧 3 + 3𝑧 2 + 4𝑧 + 2
Sol. Given that
Sol. Given that

Tahir Khursheed Mughal Complete Sol Ex1.3 Page 2 of 5

𝑃(𝑧) = 𝑧 3 + 3𝑧 2 + 4𝑧 + 2
1 1 -7 19 -13
Put 𝑧 = −1 in 𝑃(𝑧)
1 -6 13
𝑃(−1) = (−1)3 + 3(−1)2 + 4(−1) + 2
𝑃(−1) = −1 + 3 − 4 + 2 1 -6 13 0

𝑃(−1) = 0 Therefore

∴ (𝑧 + 1) is one of the factors. To find other 𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 − 1)(𝑧 2 − 6𝑧 + 13)

factors, we divide 𝑃(𝑧) by (𝑧 + 1)
𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 − 1)(𝑧 2 − 6𝑧 + 9 + 4)

-1 1 3 4 2 𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 − 1){(𝑧 − 3)2 + 4}

𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 − 1){(𝑧 − 3)2 − (−1)4}

-1 -2 -2
𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 − 1){(𝑧 − 3)2 − 𝑖 2 4}
1 2 2 0
𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 − 1){(𝑧 − 3)2 − (2𝑖)2 }
Therefore
𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 − 1){(𝑧 − 3) + 2𝑖}{(𝑧 − 3) − 2𝑖}
𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 + 1)(𝑧 2 + 2𝑧 + 2)
𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 − 1)(𝑧 − 3 + 2𝑖)(𝑧 − 3 − 2𝑖) 𝐴𝑛𝑠.
2
𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 + 1)(𝑧 + 2𝑧 + 1 + 1)
(vi) 𝑧 3 + 3𝑧 2 + 19𝑧 + 17
2
𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 + 1){(𝑧 + 1) + 1}
Sol. Given that
𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 + 1){(𝑧 + 1)2 − (−1)}
𝑃(𝑧) = 𝑧 3 + 3𝑧 2 + 19𝑧 + 17
2 2}
𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 + 1){(𝑧 + 1) − 𝑖
Put 𝑧 = −1 in 𝑃(𝑧)
𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 + 1){(𝑧 + 1)2 − (𝑖)2 }
𝑃(−1) = (−1)3 + 3(−1)2 + 19(−1) + 17
𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 + 1){(𝑧 + 1) + 𝑖}{(𝑧 + 1) − 𝑖}
𝑃(−1) = −1 + 3 − 19 + 17
𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 + 1)(𝑧 + 1 + 𝑖)(𝑧 + 1 − 𝑖) 𝐴𝑛𝑠.
𝑃(−1) = 0
3 2
(v) 𝑧 − 7𝑧 + 19𝑧 − 13
∴ (𝑧 + 1) is one of the factors. To find other
Sol. Given that factors, we divide 𝑃(𝑧) by (𝑧 + 1)

𝑃(𝑧) = 𝑧 3 − 7𝑧 2 + 19𝑧 − 13
-1 1 3 19 17
Put 𝑧 = 1 in 𝑃(𝑧)
-1 -2 -17
𝑃(1) = (1)3 − 7(1)2 + 19(1) − 13
𝑃(1) = 1 − 7 + 19 − 13 1 2 17 0

𝑃(1) = 0 Therefore

∴ (𝑧 − 1) is one of the factors. To find other 𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 + 1)(𝑧 2 + 2𝑧 + 17)

factors, we divide 𝑃(𝑧) by (𝑧 − 1)
𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 + 1)(𝑧 2 + 2𝑧 + 1 + 16)

Tahir Khursheed Mughal Complete Sol Ex1.3 Page 3 of 5

𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 + 1){(𝑧 + 1)2 + 16} Q.3 Solve the following quadratic
equations by completing the
𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 + 1){(𝑧 + 1)2 − (−1)16}
squares, where z is a complex
𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 + 1){(𝑧 + 1)2 − 𝑖 2 16} number.

𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 + 1){(𝑧 + 1)2 − (4𝑖)2 } (i) 𝑧 2 − 4𝑧 + 5 = 0

𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 + 1){(𝑧 + 1) + 4𝑖}{(𝑧 + 1) − 4𝑖} Sol. Given that

𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 + 1)(𝑧 + 1 + 4𝑖)(𝑧 + 1 − 4𝑖) 𝐴𝑛𝑠. 𝑧 2 − 4𝑧 + 5 =

(vii) 𝑧 3 − 3𝑧 2 + 4𝑧 − 2 𝑧 2 − 4𝑧 + 4 + 1 = 0

Sol. Given that (𝑧)2 − 2(𝑧)(2) + (2)2 = −1

𝑃(𝑧) = 𝑧 3 − 3𝑧 2 + 4𝑧 − 2 (𝑧 − 2)2 = −1

Put 𝑧 = 1 in 𝑃(𝑧) Square root both sides

𝑃(1) = (1)3 − 3(1)2 + 4(1) − 2 √(𝑧 − 2)2 = ±√−1

𝑃(1) = 1 − 3 + 4 − 2 𝑧 − 2 = ±𝑖

𝑃(1) = 0 𝑧 =2±𝑖 𝐴𝑛𝑠.

∴ (𝑧 − 1) is one of the factors. To find other (ii) 𝑧 2 + 12𝑧 + 52 = 0
factors, we divide 𝑃(𝑧) by (𝑧 + 1)
Sol. Given that
1 1 -3 4 -2 𝑧 2 + 12𝑧 + 52 =

1 -2 2 𝑧 2 + 12𝑧 + 36 + 16 = 0
(𝑧)2 + 2(𝑧)(6) + (6)2 = −16
1 -2 2 0
(𝑧 + 6)2 = −16
Therefore
Square root both sides
𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 − 1)(𝑧 2 − 2𝑧 + 2)
√(𝑧 + 6)2 = ±√−16
𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 − 1)(𝑧 2 − 2𝑧 + 1 + 1)
𝑧 + 6 = ±4𝑖
𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 − 1){(𝑧 − 1)2 + 1}
𝑧 = −6 ± 4𝑖 𝐴𝑛𝑠.
𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 − 1){(𝑧 − 1)2 − (−1)}

𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 − 1){(𝑧 − 1)2 − 𝑖 2 } (iii) 34𝑧 2 − 6𝑧 = −1

𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 − 1){(𝑧 − 1)2 − (𝑖)2 } Sol. Given that

𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 − 1){(𝑧 − 1) + 𝑖}{(𝑧 − 1) − 𝑖} 34𝑧 2 − 6𝑧 = −1

𝑃(𝑧) = (𝑧 − 1)(𝑧 − 1 + 𝑖)(𝑧 − 1 − 𝑖) 𝐴𝑛𝑠. Divide both sides by 34

34𝑧 2 6𝑧 1
− =−
34 34 34

Tahir Khursheed Mughal Complete Sol Ex1.3 Page 4 of 5

 3𝑧 1 Square root both sides
𝑧2 − =−
17 34
√(𝑧 − 3)2 = ±√−4
3 3 2 1 3 2
𝑧 2 − 2(𝑧) ( ) + ( ) = − + ( ) 𝑧 − 3 = ±2𝑖
34 34 34 34
3 2 1 9 𝑧 = 3 ± 2𝑖 𝐴𝑛𝑠.
(𝑧 − ) =− +
34 34 1156
(vi) 𝑧 2 + 64 = 0
2
3 25
(𝑧 − ) =− Sol. Given that
34 1156
Square root both sides 𝑧 2 + 64 = 0

𝑧 2 = −64
2
3 25
√(𝑧 − ) = ±√− Square root both sides
34 1156

3 5 √𝑧 2 = ±√−64
𝑧− =± 𝑖
34 34 𝑧 = ±8𝑖 𝐴𝑛𝑠.
3 5
𝑧= ± 𝑖 𝐴𝑛𝑠.
34 34

(iv) 𝑧 2 − 6𝑧 + 34 = 0

Sol. Given that

𝑧 2 − 6𝑧 + 34 = 0

𝑧 2 − 6𝑧 + 9 + 25 = 0

𝑧 2 − 2(𝑧)(3) + (3)2 = −25

(𝑧 − 3)2 = −25

Square root both sides

√(𝑧 − 3)2 = ±√−25

𝑧 − 3 = ±5𝑖

𝑧 = 3 ± 5𝑖 𝐴𝑛𝑠.

(v) 𝑧 2 − 6𝑧 = −13

Sol. Given that

𝑧 2 − 6𝑧 = −13

𝑧 2 − 6𝑧 + 9 = −13 + 9

𝑧 2 − 2(𝑧)(3) + (3)2 = −4
(𝑧 − 3)2 = −4

Tahir Khursheed Mughal Complete Sol Ex1.3 Page 5 of 5