Why Study Global Cities?
Global cities are the driving forces of the global economy. They are centers of
innovation, technology, finance, and culture. Understanding their dynamics is crucial
for policymakers, businesses, and individuals alike.
by Michel A. Sarpamones, MAED-ELT
Defining the Global City
Economic Powerhouse Global Networks
Global cities dominate They are connected to other cities
international trade and finance. around the world through networks
They are home to major of transportation, communication,
corporations, financial institutions, and trade.
and stock exchanges.
Cultural Hubs
Global cities attract diverse populations, fostering a rich mix of cultures, ideas,
and artistic expression.
Indicators for Globality
Indicator Description
Economic Power GDP, stock market capitalization,
headquarters of multinational
corporations
Transportation Hubs Number of airports, international
flight connections, port capacity
Human Capital Number of universities, research
institutions, skilled workforce
The Challenges of Global Cities
1 Housing Crisis 2 Traffic Congestion
High demand for housing in Increasing populations and
global cities often leads to urban sprawl create major
soaring rents and traffic bottlenecks, impacting
unaffordability. commutes and transportation.
3 Environmental Degradation 4 Social Inequality
Air and water pollution, waste Economic disparities can lead to
management, and climate social divisions and challenges
change are pressing for vulnerable populations
environmental concerns in within global cities.
densely populated cities.
The Global City and the Poor
Lack of Access Urban Sprawl Social Exclusion
Limited access to affordable housing, The expansion of global cities can displace Poverty and lack of access to resources can
healthcare, education, and employment marginalized communities, pushing them to create social and economic barriers for low-
opportunities often affects vulnerable the peripheries where services are limited. income residents in global cities.
populations disproportionately.
The Rise of Megacities
1 2 3
Urbanization Megacity Emergence Global Impact
Rapid population growth and migration drive Cities with populations exceeding 10 million Megacities have a significant impact on the
urbanization, particularly in developing are becoming increasingly common, posing global economy, environment, and culture.
countries. challenges for infrastructure and
management.
Infrastructure Needs in Global Cities
Public Transportation
Efficient and affordable public transportation systems are crucial for reducing congestion
and promoting mobility.
Energy Infrastructure
Investing in renewable energy sources and smart grids is essential for meeting the energy
demands of rapidly growing cities.
Waste Management
Sustainable waste management systems are needed to address the growing volume of waste
generated in global cities.
Water Supply
Reliable water supply systems are vital for ensuring public health and supporting economic
activities in global cities.
Environmental Concerns in Global Cities
Air Pollution Water Pollution
Traffic emissions, industrial activity, and Untreated wastewater, industrial
energy production contribute to air discharges, and agricultural runoff can
pollution, impacting public health. contaminate water sources, posing health
risks.
Climate Change Urban Heat Island Effect
Global cities are particularly vulnerable to The concentration of buildings and paved
the effects of climate change, such as surfaces in cities can create heat islands,
rising sea levels and extreme weather leading to higher temperatures and heat
events. stress.
Inequality and Gentrification in Global Cities
1 Income Disparity 2 Gentrification 3 Affordable Housing
High-income earners often The process of gentrification can The demand for housing in global
concentrate in global cities, leading displace long-term residents and cities often outpaces supply, pushing
to widening income disparities and change the character of prices up and making affordable
limited access to resources for low- neighborhoods, leading to social and housing increasingly scarce.
income residents. economic upheaval.
The Future of Global Cities
Global cities face significant challenges but also hold immense potential. Sustainable
urban planning, technological innovation, and inclusive economic development will be
crucial for creating equitable and resilient cities in the future.
