HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics

——————– o0o ———————

Project Report
Subject: Management Information System History and Career
Opportunity

Module: Introduce to Management Information System

Authors : Vu Bao Khoi - 202419071

Nguyen Van Nam Khanh - 202419069
Nguyen Viet Lam - 202419073
Class : MI2-02

Hanoi - 2024
Contents

1 Introduction 3

2 History of MIS worldwide 5

2.1 Before 1950: The beginning of MIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 1950-1960: Initial Application of Computers in Management . . . . . . . . 6
2.3 1960-1970: Emergence of the Management Information Systems (MIS) Con-
cept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.4 1970-1980: Software Development and System Integration . . . . . . . . . 7
2.5 1990-2000: The Internet and Globalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.6 2000-2010: Emerging Technologies and Cloud Computing . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.7 2010-Present: Artificial Intelligence and Digital Transformation . . . . . . 9

3 History of MIS in Vietnam 10

3.1 1980-1990: The Dawn of IT and Initial Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.2 1990-1995: Early IT Applications in Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.3 1995-2005: IT Growth and MIS Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.4 2015-Present: Comprehensive Digital Transformation and Emerging Trends 12

4 MIS Career Opportunities 13

4.1 Market for Management Information Systems (MIS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.1.1 Digital Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.1.2 The Explosion of Big Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.1.3 Advanced Technology and Innovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.1.4 Trends in International Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.2 Career Opportunities in MIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.2.1 Relevant Fields for MIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.2.2 Common Careers in MIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

2
Chapter 1

Introduction

Management Information Systems (MIS) is a field at the intersection of technology, busi-

ness, and management that has become integral to modern organizational success. By

leveraging technology to gather, process, and analyze data, MIS enables organizations to

make informed decisions and achieve their strategic objectives. The growing reliance on

technology in the digital era has significantly expanded the scope and importance of MIS,

making it a cornerstone of efficient operations, competitive advantage, and innovation.

MIS is not only about systems and technology; it is about aligning IT solutions with

business goals. It encompasses a variety of tools and platforms, including Enterprise

Resource Planning (ERP) systems, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) solutions,

and Business Intelligence (BI) tools. These systems empower organizations to optimize

processes, enhance customer satisfaction, and improve decision-making. As a result, MIS

professionals are in high demand across industries, from finance and healthcare to retail

and manufacturing.

The career opportunities in MIS are both diverse and rewarding. Professionals in this

field can pursue roles such as systems analysts, database administrators, IT project man-

agers, business intelligence analysts, and cybersecurity specialists. These roles are essential

3
 MIS History and Career Opportunities

in ensuring the seamless integration of technology into business operations, safeguarding

data, and enabling data-driven strategies. Moreover, the rise of emerging technologies like

artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and big data analytics has further expanded career

prospects in MIS, offering new opportunities in cutting-edge areas like machine learning

and blockchain technology.

This report delves into the fundamentals of MIS, its applications, and the career path-

ways it offers. It examines the evolving job market, skills in demand, and the future

potential of this dynamic field. By understanding the career opportunities associated

with MIS, individuals can position themselves for success in a technology-driven world.

As this is our first university report, this report might have some errors and we hope

reader will give comments to us through email at: [email protected]

4
Chapter 2

History of MIS worldwide

2.1 Before 1950: The beginning of MIS

Before the 1950s, the management of information was heavily reliant on manual methods,

including the use of paper documents, handwritten ledgers, and mechanical tools such as

calculators. Although rudimentary, these methods were essential for organizations to track

their financial and operational activities. Large organizations, particularly in the financial

sector, used these manual systems to record transactions and prepare reports. During

this time, the concept of information systems as an independent discipline had not yet

emerged. Instead, information management was seen as a subset of specific management

functions such as accounting, payroll, or human resources. Lack of automation meant that

these processes were time consuming and prone to human error, highlighting the need for

more efficient systems in the future.

5
 MIS History and Career Opportunities

2.2 1950-1960: Initial Application of Computers in

Management

• By the late 1950s, the advent of the first electronic computers represented a significant

technological breakthrough. These machines were introduced to support various man-

agement tasks, primarily focusing on data processing for accounting and financial man-

agement. Their use signaled a transformative shift from manual to automated systems,

revolutionizing the way organizations managed their information. Computers were able

to handle large volumes of data with greater speed and accuracy than manual methods,

reducing errors and increasing efficiency.

• Companies such as IBM began developing application software to facilitate basic yet

critical organizational operations. These applications supported tasks such as account-

ing, payroll calculations, financial reporting, and inventory management. Despite their

limitations, such as the lack of integration between different functions within an organi-

zation, these early systems laid the groundwork for more advanced management tools in

the coming decades.

2.3 1960-1970: Emergence of the Management Infor-

mation Systems (MIS) Concept

• 1960s: The 1960s marked a pivotal era in the development of Management Information

Systems (MIS). During this period, managers increasingly recognized that information

could be leveraged not only to perform administrative functions but also to optimize

decision-making processes. This realization led to the development of systems designed to

collect, analyze, and present data in ways that supported managerial decision-making.

6
 MIS History and Career Opportunities

• Several foundational concepts emerged during this time: o Management Information

Systems (MIS): These systems were developed to gather, store, and process information

systematically, serving as a vital tool for managers to make informed decisions. o Decision

Support Systems (DSS): These systems used advanced analytical models to help managers

to make high-level decisions. o Database Management Systems (DBMS): The advent of

DBMS introduced efficient methods for storing, organizing, and retrieving data.

2.4 1970-1980: Software Development and System

Integration

• 1970s: The rapid advancement of computer technology during the 1970s enabled orga-

nizations to adopt information systems on a larger scale. This era saw the integration of

MIS into various organizational functions, including finance, accounting, production, and

human resources. The introduction of early Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems

was a significant milestone. ERP systems allowed organizations to manage their resources

on a unified platform, breaking down silos between departments and facilitating seamless

information flow across the organization.

• 1980s: During the 1980s, software development accelerated, with major players like

Oracle and SAP emerging as industry leaders. These companies offered comprehensive

MIS and ERP solutions, addressing the growing need for integrated systems. Decision

Support Systems (DSS) also gained traction, providing executives with tools to analyze

data, forecast trends, and make strategic decisions. By then, MIS had evolved to sup-

port not just data processing, but also sophisticated data analysis and decision-making

capabilities, enhancing organizational efficiency and competitiveness.

7
 MIS History and Career Opportunities

2.5 1990-2000: The Internet and Globalization

• 1990s: The advent of the Internet and networking technologies in the 1990s brought

about a revolutionary transformation in MIS. Organizations began to extend their infor-

mation systems beyond internal operations, connecting with external partners, suppliers,

and customers. Interconnected MIS systems facilitated real-time data sharing and collab-

oration, enabling organizations to operate more efficiently in a globalized business environ-

ment. • Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and Customer Relationship Management

(CRM) systems became increasingly prevalent during this period. These systems empow-

ered organizations to analyze vast amounts of data, improve customer interactions, and

adapt to dynamic market conditions. The integration of these technologies marked a new

era in information management, where data-driven decision-making became a cornerstone

of organizational success.

2.6 2000-2010: Emerging Technologies and Cloud Com-

puting

• 2000s: The emergence of cloud computing in the early 2000s revolutionized the way

organizations approached information storage and access. Cloud-based solutions elimi-

nated the need for expensive on-premises hardware, allowing organizations to scale their

operations more flexibly and cost-effectively. This shift democratized access to advanced

information systems, enabling even smaller organizations to benefit from powerful tools.

• During this time, MIS began integrating cutting-edge technologies such as Big Data and

Artificial Intelligence (AI). These advancements enabled organizations to forecast trends,

identify patterns, and make more informed decisions. Companies like Amazon, Google,

and Microsoft spearheaded the development of robust cloud platforms, providing busi-

8
 MIS History and Career Opportunities

nesses with the infrastructure needed to harness these technologies effectively.

2.7 2010-Present: Artificial Intelligence and Digital

Transformation

• 2010s to Present: Modern MIS systems have continued to evolve, incorporating ad-

vanced technologies such as AI, machine learning, and the Internet of Things (IoT). These

innovations have transformed the capabilities of MIS, enabling real-time data analysis, pre-

dictive modeling, and automated decision-making. IoT, in particular, has enhanced data

collection from smart devices, improving operational efficiency and resource management.

• Digital transformation has emerged as a key strategic priority for organizations across

industries. By leveraging MIS, companies are optimizing their operations, enhancing cus-

tomer experiences, and creating new business opportunities. These systems have become

indispensable in navigating the complexities of today’s fast-paced, data-driven world.

9
Chapter 3

History of MIS in Vietnam

3.1 1980-1990: The Dawn of IT and Initial Applica-

tions

•Pre-1990: In Vietnam, information management during the pre-1990 era relied heavily

on traditional manual methods. Paper documents and mechanical tools were the primary

means of managing organizational activities. Although functional, these methods were

labor intensive and inefficient.

•The 1980s marked the beginning of Vietnam’s interest in information technology

(IT), spurred by economic reforms and open-door policies. However, the country’s IT

infrastructure was still in its infancy, and applications of IT were largely confined to state-

owned enterprises and governmental institutions.

10
 MIS History and Career Opportunities

3.2 1990-1995: Early IT Applications in Management

• 1990s: Vietnam’s economic reform created a burgeoning demand for IT in management.

Businesses began recognizing the potential of computers and software to enhance produc-

tivity and efficiency. Basic management software for tasks such as accounting, finance,

and human resources became more widely used.

• Imported software solutions, including Microsoft Excel and Access, were commonly

adopted during this period. While these tools were relatively simple, they provided a

foundation for more sophisticated IT applications in the future.

3.3 1995-2005: IT Growth and MIS Development

• 2005-2015: The adoption of cloud computing and Big Data technologies marked a new

chapter in Vietnam’s IT landscape. Organizations transitioned from traditional software

solutions to cloud-based platforms, which offered cost savings and improved scalability.

• Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and Business Intelligence (BI) systems

became widespread, enabling businesses to manage customer relationships more effectively

and derive actionable insights from data. Enterprises also began experimenting with

emerging technologies like AI and IoT to streamline operations and gain competitive

advantages.

• The Vietnamese government introduced e-government initiatives to modernize public

administration and improve online service delivery, signaling a commitment to digital

transformation at the national level.

11
 MIS History and Career Opportunities

3.4 2015-Present: Comprehensive Digital Transfor-

mation and Emerging Trends

• In recent years, digital transformation has become a central strategy for Vietnamese

enterprises. Organizations are increasingly integrating advanced technologies such as AI,

Big Data, IoT, and blockchain into their operations, driving innovation and efficiency.

• Leading corporations like FPT and Viettel have embraced these technologies to

optimize business strategies, enhance infrastructure management, and improve resource

utilization. Their efforts have positioned Vietnam as a rising player in the global digital

economy.

• The Vietnamese government has also prioritized the development of the digital econ-

omy, recognizing IT as a critical driver of national growth. This commitment underscores

the transformative potential of MIS in shaping Vietnam’s economic future.

12
Chapter 4

MIS Career Opportunities

4.1 Market for Management Information Systems (MIS)

The Management Information Systems (MIS) field plays a critical role in bridging infor-

mation technology and business management. Amidst rapid digital transformation, the

MIS job market is expanding both domestically and internationally due to the following

factors:

4.1.1 Digital Transformation

International:

• Global Trends: Many companies are digitizing their entire business processes, from

operations and production to customer management. For example, ERP systems (SAP,

Oracle) and CRM platforms (Salesforce) are widely implemented to automate and optimize

operations.

• Cross-Industry Applications: Digital transformation has reshaped management prac-

tices across various industries, such as finance, healthcare, and manufacturing, requiring

13
 MIS History and Career Opportunities

MIS to support real-time data analysis and forecasting.

• Government Support: Several countries (e.g., USA, EU, Singapore) have introduced

policies to encourage businesses to adopt technology, driving the growth of the digital

economy.

Vietnam:

• National Digital Transformation Strategy: The Vietnamese government aims to dig-

itize 100 percents of businesses by 2030, creating significant demand for MIS systems to

manage and operate efficiently.

• Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): With over 96 percents of businesses in

Vietnam being SMEs, MIS plays a crucial role in digitalizing processes to enhance com-

petitiveness.

• Financial and Public Sectors: Major banks such as Vietcombank and BIDV are

transitioning to digital banking, requiring MIS systems to manage data and online trans-

actions.

4.1.2 The Explosion of Big Data

International:

• Data Growth: The expansion of IoT, social media, and mobile applications generates

enormous amounts of data, increasing the need for MIS to collect, manage, and analyze

it.

• Intelligent Data Analysis: Combining Big Data with AI and Machine Learning en-

ables businesses to make more accurate decisions, personalize customer services, and fore-

cast market trends.

• Applications Across Industries: Global companies like Google, Amazon, and Tesla

use Big Data to optimize business operations and develop new products.

14
 MIS History and Career Opportunities

Vietnam:

• E-Commerce: Platforms such as Shopee, Tiki, and Lazada use Big Data to optimize

advertising, supply chain management, and customer experiences.

• Healthcare: Patient data is digitized and analyzed via MIS systems to improve

healthcare services.

• Startups and Fintech: Vietnamese fintech startups like MoMo and ZaloPay leverage

Big Data for customer behavior analysis and risk management.

4.1.3 Advanced Technology and Innovation

International:

• IoT and AI: IoT devices continuously collect data, requiring MIS integration for data

management and processing. AI automates complex data analyses.

• Cloud Computing: Platforms such as AWS and Azure allow businesses to deploy

MIS flexibly and cost-effectively while expanding data storage and processing capabilities.

• Blockchain: This technology enhances information security and transparency in busi-

ness transactions.

Vietnam:

• 5G and Digital Infrastructure Development: Vietnam is deploying 5G networks,

facilitating the adoption of advanced technologies in MIS.

• Practical Applications: Large corporations like FPT and Vingroup are integrating

AI, blockchain, and IoT into production management and services, creating significant

opportunities for MIS.

• Tech Startups: Startups in logistics and fintech are investing in modern MIS solutions

to improve operational efficiency.

15
 MIS History and Career Opportunities

4.1.4 Trends in International Integration

International:

• Economic Integration: Global supply chains require modern MIS systems to manage

information among partners and nations.

• International Legal Regulations: Standards such as GDPR (Europe) and SOX (USA)

require businesses to implement MIS to ensure compliance and data security.

• Cross-Border E-Commerce: Platforms like Alibaba and Amazon need MIS to opti-

mize order management and supply chains globally.

Vietnam:

• FTA and Foreign Investment: Free trade agreements (CPTPP, EVFTA) and in-

creased FDI flows compel Vietnamese businesses to deploy MIS to meet international

standards.

• International Collaboration: Foreign corporations like Samsung and Intel require

Vietnamese partners to implement modern MIS systems for effective collaboration.

• Export Development: Export businesses need MIS to manage supply chains and

meet international market requirements. These factors driving the MIS market include

digital transformation, the explosion of Big Data, advanced technologies, and international

integration trends. In Vietnam, these factors not only enhance business efficiency but also

contribute to sustainable economic growth.

4.2 Career Opportunities in MIS

4.2.1 Relevant Fields for MIS

• Finance and Banking: MIS plays a central role in modernizing banking, from risk man-

agement and operational optimization to enhancing customer experiences. In Vietnam,

16
 MIS History and Career Opportunities

MIS potential in banking is enormous, especially amidst digital transformation and rising

competition from fintech.

• E-Commerce: E-commerce platforms increasingly rely on MIS to manage and opti-

mize business processes, including customer management, inventory operations, and user

experience enhancement.

• Healthcare: MIS applications in healthcare improve operational efficiency, patient

information management, medical procedures, and data-driven decision-making.

• Manufacturing and Logistics: MIS is critical for optimizing operations, resource

17
 MIS History and Career Opportunities

management, and decision-making in manufacturing and logistics, improving performance

and competitiveness.

4.2.2 Common Careers in MIS

• Business Analyst: Acts as a bridge between businesses and technical teams, analyzing

requirements, proposing solutions, and ensuring technology meets business goals.

• Data Analyst: Collects, cleans, analyzes, and interprets data to support business

decisions using tools like SQL, Power BI, and Tableau.

• IT Consultant: Provides expert advice on IT to improve business efficiency, including

evaluating systems and proposing suitable technologies.

• Web Developer: Designs, develops, and maintains websites or web applications using

languages like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

• Software Developer: Designs, programs, tests, and maintains applications or software

systems, contributing to product innovation and business optimization.

• ERP Consultant: Specializes in implementing and optimizing Enterprise Resource

Planning systems, integrating processes across finance, manufacturing, HR, and supply

chains.

18