Loop Control Structures
By:-
Dr. Vani Kapoor Nijhawan
Assistant Professor, VIPS
Dr. Vani Kapoor Nijhawan 1
Repetition Structures: Types
Allows the programmer to specify that an action is to be repeated while some
condition remains true.
There are three repetition structures in C: -
the while loop
the for loop
do-while loop.
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For Loop
The syntax of for loop is
for(initialisation;condition;iteration)
{
set of statements
}
Eg: Program to print Hello 10 times
for(i=1;i<=10;i++)
{
printf(“Hello”);
}
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While Loop
The syntax for while loop
Initialisation; //part 1
while(condn) //part 2
{
statements;
iteration; (increment/decrement) //part3
}
Eg:
a=10; //part1
while(a !=10) //part 2
{
printf(“%d”,a);
a- -; //part 3
}
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Questions
Q1. The current year and the year of joining of any employee are
taken as input from the keyboard. If the number of years of service is
more than 3 then a bonus of Rs. 2500 is given else nothing else is
done. The pay of an employee is calculated as under:
If basic salary is less than Rs. 1500 then HRA-10% & DA-90% of
basic.
If basic salary is greater than or equal to Rs. 1500 then HRA=Rs.500 &
DA=98% of basic salary.
Q2. Write a program to calculate the simple interest. If time is >=10 years
then rate of interest is 10% otherwise rate of interest is 5%.
Q3. Check a number for Armstrong number e.g. 153 is Armstrong number
(1*1*1+5*5*5+3*3*3=153).
Q4. WAP to reverse a number.
Q5. WAP to find out the sum of digits of a number.
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Do-While Loop – The Odd Loop
The syntax of do while loop
do
{
set of statements
}while(condn);
Eg: // for(i=1;i<=10;i++) // while(n!=0)
i=1;
do
{
printf(“%d”,i); //1
i--; //0
}while(i!=0)
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Do-while Vs while loop
Do-while will be executed minimum once, but while loop can have minimum
execution as 0 times.
Do-while is an exit control loop, but while are entry control loop.
While loop is not terminated by semi colon. But do-while is terminated by
semicolon.
Variable initialisation happens before the loop in case of while loop,but may
be done inside the loop body in case of do-while loop.
Syntax:
While(c1) do {
{ }while(c1);
}
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Break Statement
Break Statement is used to take the control out of a block.
for(i=0;i<=10;i++) //i=0,1,2…5 (not executed 6 to 10)
printf(“%d”,i); // 0 1 2 3 4 5
if(i==5)
break;
}//for
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Continue Statement
Continue is used to bypass(skip) a set of statements (written below continue) for a
particular iteration.
for(i=0;i<=10;i++) //i=0 1…5 6
if(i!=5) //T
continue; //i=5
printf(“%d”,i); // 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10
}//for
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Break Vs Continue
1. Break takes the control out of a particular block, but continue skips rest of the statements
for a particular condition.
2. Break exits the loop completely but in case of continue the loop keeps executing with next
iteration.
Break statement works in loop as well as switch statement. but continue works with loops.
Example:
for(j=1;j<=3;j++)
printf(“%d\t%d”,i,j);
if(j==2)
break ; // repeat same code but replace break with continue for example of continue
} //for 1
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Goto Statement
Goto is used for unconditional/conditional branching.
It requires a label (identifier) where a branch is to be made.
It can have two forms.
Syntax: (Forward Jump)
Goto label;
………
………
Label:
Statements;
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Goto Statement
Syntax: (backward Jump)
Label:
Statements;
………
………
goto label;
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Example: Goto
#include<math.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
float x,y;
read:
scanf(“%f”,&x);
if(x<0)
goto read;
y= sqrt(x);
printf(“%f%f”,x,y);
}
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Questions
Q1. Write the programs to print following patterns:
a) 1
2 3
4 5 6
b) 1
1 2
1 2 3
c) 1
2 2
3 3 3
Q2. WAP to print Fibbonacci series: 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21…….
Q3. WAP to calculate factorial of a number.
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