Boxing Techniques

Prepared by:
Miguel Angel Lota Gonzalez
Code: 1233908992

Presented to:
Professor William Ricardo Ruiz Valero

Central University
Faculty of Engineering and Basic Sciences
Bogotá DC
2020
 CONTENT

1. Boxing generalities
1.1 How to win
2. Techniques
2.1 Basic guard position
2.2 Jab
2.3 Straight
2.4 Left Uppercut
2.5 Right Uppercut
2.6 Crossed
2.7 Turns
3. References
 1. Boxing generalities

Combat sport is a contact sport in which two opponents fight using gloved fists, hitting the
opponent from the waist up, inside a ring in short fighting sequences called rounds and
according to a set of rules. (Alburquerque, 2011) Boxing has always been an Olympic
sport, and was only present at the 1912 Olympic Games in Stockholm, when the sport was
banned in the country at that time. Over the years, many variations of boxing have
emerged, the most famous of which are Thai Muay Thai and French Savate, both of which
use the legs. The boxing ring is square in shape and must have sides between 4.9 and 7
metres. It has four elastic cords, with a diameter between 3 and 5 centimeters, which must
be hung from the posts at 41, 71, 102 and 132 centimeters high from the floor of the ring.
The posts must be covered and have a smooth surface so that the boxers do not hurt
themselves when they hit one of them. (Sport regras, s.f.)
A temporal analysis of Boxing shows that the duration of rounds in professional men's
fights is 3 minutes of work and 1 minute of rest between rounds. The fight lasts from 4 to
12 rounds. Because of this, a professional fight can last from 15 to 47 minutes. But the
actual time of the match is 12 to 36 minutes (not including breaks), with 75% of the total
time being for fighting and the remaining 25% for breaks. (Merlo, 2019)

1.1 How to win:

The objective of boxing is to land the greatest number of direct blows on the opponent,
with the judges voting among themselves at the end until they reach a verdict on which of
the athletes scored the most points with their blows.

There are other ways to win, and they are:

 Making the opponent fall to the canvas 2 to 3 times in the same round (the number
depends on the competition).
 To perform a knockout, in which the opponent falls to the ground or leans on the
ropes, and the referee counts to 10 and the athlete fails to get up in that time.
 The referee may also award a technical knockout. This happens when one of the
boxers has landed too many consecutive blows and the referee feels that he is not
managing to receive them.
 Finally, one of the assistants can throw the towel on the floor, meaning that they
are giving up on the fight.
When we talk about amateur boxing, one of the most important elements to consider when
it comes to obtaining results is combat tactics. In the initial stage, a lot of time is devoted
to technique and physical preparation, but without tactics and their application in combat,
these are just empty movements. The boxer must become familiar with the technical-
tactical procedures to use against different forms and styles that may occur in the ring.
Boxing is about solving problems and how we are able, through our training, to overcome
our opponent's offensive proposals. For example, adapting to the short fight, counter-
striking and solving the difficulties presented by different opponents.
To begin with, knowledge is important, being able to analyze the guards, combat forms,
most frequently used techniques, technical school and with the rapid analysis of this
information make concrete decisions during the encounter. First of all, it is necessary to
learn to observe and quickly understand the behavior of your opponent, without having
previously known his boxing, something very common in amateur boxing.

2. Techniques:

2.1 Basic guard position: This is the main guard, the one used when we are starting
out in boxing and we have a short or medium distance with our opponent. From this type
of guard we have our body well protected for any attack from our opponent. (Sport regras,
s.f.) The left fist should be at shoulder height and kept elevated to avoid the possibility of
lateral blows. The elbow should be placed at a distance between the fist and the shoulder,
that is, the arm should form a V, with an angle between 30 and 45º, and vertical. The fist
should be at the same height as the shoulder. Without contracting muscles. The tendency
towards exaggerated verticality of the forearm is a very pronounced defect, since in order
to extend the arm, two movements must be made, the first to place the forearm in the
shooting position and the second to raise the elbow while we rotate the forearm to align
the joints (shoulder, elbow, wrist) and place the fist in the correct impact position. Since
economy of movement is a priority objective, in order to achieve correct technique, the arm
must be correctly positioned in the guard position, as we said before, in a V-shape, in
which the resistance of the antagonist muscles does not have to be overcome to proceed
to full extension, allowing maximum speed to be reached and violent muscular contraction
at the final moment of impact, which is what will determine the power of the blow (without
forgetting the slight driving turn of the foot, hip and shoulder, to apply the full weight to the
point of impact). The right arm will be placed slightly further back, at the same height as
the left shoulder, in front of the chin and to the side of it, at a distance approximately equal
to that of the extended thumb. The elbow will be separated a few centimeters from the liver
area in order to avoid the transmission of the effect of any blow to the body that, when
blocked with this arm, could push the body enough so that its impact could reach the
vulnerable area of the liver. The guard position must allow us to carry out all offensive and
defensive movements, that is, both dodging and moving, as well as stopping, deflecting
and blocking our opponent's blows, so that we maintain the balance distributed at all times
on both legs, ensuring a correct execution of our blows or making possible the successive
chaining of these in the combinations. Depending largely on the morphological
characteristics of the individual (length of arms, neck, shape of shoulders, pectoral
development, etc.) we will have apparently different forms of guard even when we have
started from the same fundamental and basic principles. (Romero, s.f.)
2.2 Jab:
The left straight punch is widely used in combat due to the trajectory to the target, because
the hand is forward. It is not a knockout blow, but it destabilizes, on the contrary, it alters
the tactical position and facilitates comfortable initial positions for the counterattack.
Starting from the combat stop, the weight of the body shifts to the back leg, the front leg is
raised slightly and moved forward, almost touching the floor, pushing with the right leg.
The strength will depend on the distance to the target.
The left arm is launched towards the target. The left leg, to stop the body, makes contact
with the ground, at the same time as the hand reaches the target.
The right leg is raised, both legs are shoulder-width apart and the weight of the body is
balanced on both legs. The boxer returns to the fighting stance.
Most commonly used defenses against the left straight to the face.
Hand defense: stopping, deflecting and blocking. (SAZO, 2014)

2.3 Straight:
It is a very effective punch, with which the boxer can achieve good results by knocking
down his opponent.
The boxer must create initial positions for the execution of the straight right punch to the
face. The boxer will choose the target and remember that any change or transfer after the
scheduled action produces loss of energy. When executing this blow, attention must be
paid to the mechanics of the blow and the position of the left hand, the right arm performs
the attack and the left arm the defense.
This blow must carry maximum force. It is driven by the right leg linked to the rotation of
the trunk. Rotational thrust movements of the hip, shoulder and hind leg play an important
role. The weight of the body is transferred to the right leg with a left step forward. As the
fist is brought towards the target, the left leg is raised slightly off the ground and covers the
distance from which the punch can be delivered without the transfer of the left leg being an
additional step. When the metatarsal of the left foot makes contact with the ground, the
rotation of the trunk is rapidly increased with an impulse from the right hip. Speed will also
increase with the push of the right shoulder and with a push movement of the right
shoulder and with a rotation movement of the fist to the left. (Alburquerque, 2011)
The weight of the body is transferred to the left leg, which is already firmly on the floor. The
left arm defends the head with the palm of the hand and the trunk with the elbow. Within
the same action, the right leg is brought towards the left, which will allow you to maintain
balance and return to the combat stop.

2.4 Left Uppercut:

This blow is frequently used after a defense with a tilt of the trunk to the left, after the
opponent attacks with a straight blow to the face.
Starting from the combat stop, the boxer begins with a slight shift of the body towards the
right leg. There is a turn of the hip to the left and of the rear leg outwards, in such a way
that the combat stop is reversed.
At the moment of the blow, the left leg is slightly bent. The force of the blow depends on
the rotation of the left hip, forward and upward, and the rotation of the trunk from left to
right, with a rectification of the combat stop.
The boxer, raising his left shoulder with his fingers towards his chest and directing his fist
from bottom to top, squeezes it when he reaches the target. The right leg is brought
towards the left to maintain balance. With the right hand he covers his chin and with the
elbow, his liver. (Alburquerque, 2011)
2.5 Right Uppercut:
Starting from the combat stop, the weight of the body shifts forward to the left side with a
step.
The left leg will be firmly placed on the floor as a support point. The hip and torso turn to
the right. This punch is executed very similarly to the right straight to the face, it varies only
in the location of the arm and forearm. The force of the blow is conditioned by the forward
rotation of the hip. The boxer will have his right fist in supination with his fingers facing his
chest, directing it from bottom to top, clenching it at the moment of contact with the target.
Then we bring the right leg to the left, to maintain balance. (Romero, s.f.)

2.6 Crusader:
The swing or cross punch is widely used in American schools of this sport, having great
importance in modern boxing. The blow is made with the knuckles and when it is not
executed correctly, injuries can occur. The movement of the legs is very important, as well
as the axis of rotation and the movements of the body from one leg to the other. The
coordination of leg drive and hip rotation depends on the angular velocity of trunk
movement.
The methodology of its learning is similar to that of the left hook to the face. Starting from
the combat stop, the weight of the body shifts slightly to the right leg. The left leg is raised
slightly above the floor and with a push from the right leg we reach the distance from which
the punch can be launched.
When we do not take a step, the front part of the foot touches the floor and the rotation of
the trunk is increased with the turn of the left hip. The left hand moves without hesitation in
a horizontal line. The blow is launched with the right leg supported on the floor, thus
maintaining the balance of the body, and the left leg supported on the metatarsus, turns
outwards, coordinated with the trunk. The right leg is brought towards the left leg. The right
hand protects the face with its back and the forearm protects the trunk. (SAZO, 2014)
2.7 Turns:
Spins are defensive movements. Counterattack preparation can also be carried out. It is
due to the boxer's displacement or transfer from his initial position, the turn with
displacement to the left or right will be called as such, taking as a starting point the boxer's
front foot in the initial phase of the movement and not the direction in which the body
moves.
3. To the right: the weight of the body is transferred to the front leg and the body is
turned to the right on the left metatarsal, this turn is accompanied by a quarter turn
of the back foot to the left.
4. To the left: from the guard position, the weight of the body is transferred to the front
leg and the body is turned to the left, accompanied by the transfer of the back foot
to the right to achieve a quarter turn.
These movements are mainly performed against attacks with straight punches. It is
necessary to perform the movement with the guard high and raise the left or right
shoulder, as a defensive means. (SAZO, 2014)
 4. References
Alburquerque, M. B. (2011). Análisis de las acciones técnico-tácticas del boxeo de
rendimiento. Universidad del pais Vasco, 539.
Merlo, R. D. (19 de Diciembre de 2019). G-SE. Obtenido de G-SE:
https://g-se.com/caracterizacion-del-boxeo-profesional-bp-O5e0515de365cd
Romero, D. (s.f.). SPACEBOXING. Obtenido de SPACEBOXING:
https://www.spaceboxing.com/la-guardia-en-el-boxeo/
SAZO, E. A. (2014). MANUAL DE ENSEÑANZA TÉCNICA METODOLÓGICA DE BOXEO
EN NIÑOS DE 11 A 12 AÑOS. Guatemala: UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN CARLOS DE
GUATEMALA.
Sport regras. (s.f.). Obtenido de Sport regras: https://sportsregras.com/es/boxeo-historia-
reglas-combate/