Department of Electronics & Communication
Engineering EC111: Digital Design Lab
Experiment 2 : Implementation of a Logic Function using Logic Gates and
NAND Gates
Submitted To: Submitted By:
LAB REPORT
Experiment 2 : Implementation of a Logic Function using Logic Gates and NAND Gates
Objective: Simplify the Logic Function using Karnaugh Map and implement using logic
gates (AND & OR are 2 input gates) as well as with only 2 input NAND gates.
Materials Required
1. Breadboard.
2. Equipment: DC Power Supply and Benchtop Digital Multimeter
3. Components: Light Emitting Diode, Digital IC’s
• LED’s: Three - Blue, 1 - Red.
• Digital IC’s: 7404 - Inverter, 7408 - Quad 2 input AND, 7432 - Quad 2 input OR, 7400 -
Quad 2 input NAND, 7486 - Quad 2 input XOR and Connecting Wires.
1. General guidelines/precautions:
Throughout these experiments we will use TTL IC’s to build circuits. The steps for wiring a
circuit should be completed in the order described below:
1. Turn the power off before you construct any circuit on the bread board.
2. Make sure that the power is off before you make any changes in the circuit.
3. Do not forget to connect +5V and GND pins of each IC to the power and ground bus
strips on the breadboard (Top and Bottom).
4. For connecting power supply, you have to follow the procedure as given below.
(a) Disconnect the power supply to IC’s.
(b) Switch on the power supply.
(c) Set the output voltage as required (e.g. 5 V).
(d) Switch off the power supply.
(e) Connect the power supply to IC’s.
(f) Switch on the power supply.
5. For any IC, never exceed the input voltage beyond the power supply limits.
6. Select a connection on schematic and place a piece of hook-up wire between
corresponding pins of the chips on breadboard. It is better to make the short connections
before the longer ones.
7. If an error is found and is not spotted before power on. Turn the power off
immediately before you begin to rewire the circuit.
8. At the end of the laboratory session, collect hook-up wires, IC’s and all components
and return them to the instructor.
9. Tidy the area that you were working in and leave it in the same condition as it was
before you started
1. Common Causes of Problems:
1. Not connecting the ground and/or power pins for all chips
2. Not turning on the power supply before checking the operation of the circuit.
3. Leaving out wires.
4. Plugging wires into the wrong holes
5. Driving a single gate input with the outputs of two or more gates
6. Modifying the circuit with the power on.
2. Karnaugh Map: Graphical Method for Simplifying Logic Function
Switching functions can generally be simplified by using the Boolean Algebra. However,
two problems arise when algebraic procedures are used one is the procedures are
difficult to apply in a systematic way and the other one is it is difficult to tell when you
have arrived at a minimum solution. Karnaugh Map which is a graphical representation of
a truth table and the graph is filled with 1’s corresponding to the cells for which whose
min terms had a output true. The Karnaugh map is an especially useful tool for
simplifying and manipulating switching functions of three or four variables, but it can be
extended to functions of five or more variables.
3. Procedure:
1. Collect the components necessary to accomplish the following executions.
2. Plug the IC into the breadboard.
3. Connect supply voltage and ground lines to the IC’s. PIN7 = Ground and PIN14 = +5 V.
4. Construct a single logic gate from an IC with help of its PIN diagram and verify its truth
table.
5. Connect the inputs of the gate to the input switches of the LED.
6. Connect the output of the gate to the output LEDs.
7. Once all connections have been done, turn on the power switch of the breadboard
8. Operate the switches and fill in the truth table (Write ”1” if LED is ON and ”0” if LED is
OFF. Apply the various combination of inputs according to the truth table and observe
the condition of Output LEDs.
9. In addition to the status of Output LEDs, display the 0 and 1 using seven segment
display, observe the output of each gate using digital multimeter and note down the
output voltage with respect to logic high (5 V).
Decimal Input (A) Input(B) Input(C) Input(D) Input(F)
Input
0 0 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 0 1 1
2 0 0 1 0 1
3 0 0 1 1 1
4 0 1 0 0 0
5 0 1 0 1 1
6 0 1 1 0 0
7 0 1 1 1 1
8 1 0 0 0 1
9 1 0 0 1 0
10 1 0 1 0 1
11 1 0 1 1 1
12 1 1 0 0 0
13 1 1 0 1 0
14 1 1 1 0 1
15 1 1 1 1 1
4. Implementation of Logic Function using Logic Gates and 2 Input NAND
Gates
Simplify an algebraic expression using K - Map. Implement the simplified Logic Function
using logic gates and NAND gates with minimum no of gates. Consider all the gates
having two inputs except NOT gate to construct a digital circuit and verify the function
using the truth table.
1. F(A,B,C,D) = ∑(0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 14, 15)
2. Define the Implicant, Prime Implicant, Essential Prime Implicant and Non-essential
Prime Implicant.
SOLUTION
K MAP
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM USING BASIC LOGIC GATES
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM USING NAND GATES ONLY
Implicant: Implicant is a product/ minterm in Sum of Product(SOP) or sum/maxterm in
Product of Sum(POS) of a Boolean function.
Prime Implicant: A group of square or rectangle made up of bunch of adjacent minterms
which is allowed bydefinations of K-Map are caleed prime implicant(PI) i.e. all
possssiblegroips formed in K-Map.
Essential Prime Implicant: These are those subcubes(groups) which cover atleast onr
minterm that can’t be coverd by any other prime implicant. Essential prime
implicants(EPI) are those prime implicants which always appear in final solution.
Non-essential Prime Implicant: The prime implicants for which are neither essential nor
redundant prime implicants are called non –essential prime implicants. They may appear
in some solutionor may not appear.
CONCLUSION
After completing this experiment here, I conclude that with the help of this experiment, I
have came to an better understanding of the Boolean logic gates and specially NAND
gate the how to use them in the circuit firstly in this experiment, I have solved the k-map
And then derived the solution expression in from k map and then made the truth table
for the given expression and lastly, I have made circuit diagram in two ways first one
using the basic logic gate and the second one using the NAND gate only.
It was great experience working on this experiment.
Thank you.
