PhysicsAndMathsTutor.

com 18

M1. (a) correct substitution in (v2 = u 2 + 2as)

or correct rearrangement g = or

= 9.6 (9.61 m s–1)

2

(b) g W/m or W mg ( ma) and weight i proportional

to mass/doubling the mass doubles the weight/’masses
cancel’/the factor of two cancels (so g remains the same)
1

(c) ball’s acceleration will decrease/be less than card’s or card’s

acceleration will be unaffected/nearly constant

air resistance affects cards less or card is more streamlined

or card does less work against air resistance
alternative timing/(velocity/speed/acceleration) uncertain/
(inaccurate /imprecise/less reliable)
indication that full width of ball may not pass through gate/difficulty
in determining ‘length’ of ball passing through gate
2
[5]

M2. (a) axes labelled correctly with correct units shown (1)

suitable scales (1)

6 points plotted correctly (1)

all points plotted correctly (1)

both sections of line drawn correctly (1)

(b) (i) the gradient (of the slope section) represents the deceleration/
calculates 5 m s–2 (1)

(deceleration is uniform because) the gradient is constant/

line is straight (1)
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(ii) distance travelled = area under line (0 to 3.5 s or 0.5 to 3.5 s) (1)

(= 15.0 × 0.5) = 7.5 m in first 0.5 s (1)

(= 0.5 × 15.0 × 3.0) or s = ½(u + v)t, etc) = 22.5 m

(from 0.5s to 3.5s) (1)

(= ½(0.5 + 3.5) × 15 gets all three method marks)

(total distance travelled = 7.5 + 22.5) = 30m (1)
6
[11]

M3. (a) (i) car A: travels at constant speed (1)

(ii) car B: accelerates for first 5 secs (or up to 18 m s–1) (1)

then travels at constant speed (1)
3

(b) (i) car A: distance = 5.0 × 16 (1)

= 80 m (1)

(ii) car B: (distance = area under graph)

distance = [5.0 × ½ (18 + 14)] (1)
= 80 m (1)
4

(c) car B is initially slower than car A (for first 2.5 s) (1)
distance apart therefore increases (1)
cars have same speed at 2.5 s(1)
after 2.5 s, car B travels faster than car A (or separation decreases) (1)
max 3
[10]

M4. (a) (i) (u = 0, s = 0.16 m, a = 9.8(1) m s–2)

(rearranging s = ut + ½ at2 with u = 0 gives)

t2 = or v 2 = u2 + 2gs or 0.16 = 1/2 × 9.81 t2

or t0 = (1) = 0.1804 or 0.1806 or 0.181 etc (1)

(s) 2 sf only (1)

(ii) (v 0 = u + at0 =) 0 + 9.81 × 0.18 ecf (a) (i) or v 2 = 2 × 9.81 × 0.16 (1)
= 1.8 or 1.77 (m s–1) (1)
5
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(b) the mark scheme for this part of the question includes an overall
assessment for the Quality of Written Communication

QWC descriptor mark

range

good- The candidate provides a correct description of the motion of 5-6

excellent the ball including its deceleration in the fluid decreasing
and becoming zero (or attaining constant velocity). They
should give a comprehensive and coherent explanation which
includes nearly all the necessary principles in a logical order.
In their explanation, the candidate should refer to the forces
including their directions acting on the ball, why the
resistive force decreases and why the acceleration
becomes zero.

modest- The description should refer to the ball decelerating in the fluid 3-4
adequate until it becomes zero or attains constant velocity. Their
explanation should be fairly coherent although it may not be
comprehensive and may focus only on the forces acting
when the ball attains constant velocity - balanced forces - or
on the reason for the initial deceleration.

poor- The candidate knows that the ball decelerates (acceleration 1-2
limited with direction) or is acted on by an upward force (as well as
the force of gravity). Their explanation of why the ball attains
constant velocity may be absent.
May be sketchy and lacks key considerations. They may not
appreciate that the two forces are equal and opposite when
the ball is moving at constant velocity.

incorrect,
inappropriate No answer at all or answer refers to unrelated, incorrect or
0
or no inappropriate physics.
response
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The explanation expected in a competent answer should include a

coherent selection of the following physics ideas.

The ball decelerates/slows down in the fluid (1) if acceleration is used

the direction must be specified

• because a force due to fluid friction/resistance/viscosity acts

(upwards) on the ball (1)

• (and) the force due to the fluid is greater than the weight
of the ball (1)

• resistive force is upwards (1)

• resistive force decreases (1)

The deceleration decreases (to zero) (1)

• because the force due to fluid friction/resistance/viscosity

decreases as the ball’s speed decreases (1)

• until it is equal (and opposite) to the weight of the ball (1)

(or the resultant force is zero)

• gradient of graph gives the acceleration and the ball moves

at constant/terminal velocity/a = 0 (1)
[11]

M5. (a) (i) v= (1)

t = 0.015 (s) or 15 (ms) (1)

0.68/0.015 (1) (= 45)

3

(ii) = 3000 (m s–2) (3022) (1)

1

(b) (i) s = (ut) = gt2 or t = (1)

correct substitution seen = (1)

0.68 to 0.69 correct answer to more than one dp seen (1)

3
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(ii) (s = vt) = 45(.3) × 0.685 or 0.7 (1)

= 30.6 to 32 (1) (m)

2

(iii) mention of air resistance or drag (1)

causing horizontal deceleration or ‘slowing down’ (1)

2
[11]

M6. (a) (i) t= (evidence for correct rearrangement or substitution) (1)

= (correct substitution leading to answer) (1)

(= 3.7 (3.696) (s))

2

(ii) = 41 (m s–1) (1) 2sf (1)

2

(iii) (1) = 36 (1) (m s–1)

2

(iv) (or correct scale drawing) (1)

= 54 (m s–1) (1)

ecf from (ii) (iii) [for scale drawing allow range 53 → 56]

tan θ = (1) or correct alternative

(angle from horizontal =) 42 (°) or correct alternative angle

and clear indication of direction (1)

[for scale drawing allow range 40 → 44 (1)

for scale drawing: quality of construction (1)]
4
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(b) (i) (= mgh = 22 × 9.81 × 67) = 14000 (14460) (J) (1)

1

(ii) (G)PE → KE (1)

(KE to) internal/thermal/‘heat’ (energy) (1)

2
[13]

M7. (a) velocity vector tangential to path and drawn from the ball, arrow
in correct direction (1)

acceleration vector vertically downwards, arrow drawn and in line

with ball (1)
2

(b) (i) s = ½ gt2 gives t = (1) = 2.2(1) s (1)

(ii) v (= s/t) = 27/2.2(1) (1) = 12(.2 m s–1) or 12(.3) (1) (ecf from (b)(i))

(answer only gets both marks)

4
[6]

M8. (a) (i)

(1)

(ii) no horizontal force acting (1)

(hence) no (horizontal) acceleration (1)
[or correct application of Newton’s First law]
3
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(b) (i) (use of v 2 = u2 + 2as gives) 322 = (0) + 2 × 9.81 × s (1)

s= (1) (= 52.2 m)

(ii) (use of s = ½ at2 gives) 52 = ½ 9.81 × t2 (1)

= 3.3 s (1) (3.26 s)

[or use of v = u + at gives 32 = (0) + 9.81 × t (1)

= 3.3 s (1) (3.26 s)]

(iii) (use of x = vt gives) × (= QR) = 95 × 3.26 (1)

= 310 m (1)

(use of t = 3.3 gives x = 313.5 m)

(allow C.E. for value of t from (ii)
6

(c) maximum height is greater (1)

because vertical acceleration is less (1)
[or longer to accelerate]
2
[11]

M9. (a) potential energy to kinetic energy (1)

mention of thermal energy and friction (1)
2

(b) (use of ½ mv 2 = mgh gives) ½ v h2 = 9.81 × 1.5 (1)

v h = 5.4(2)ms–1 (1)
(assumption) energy converted to thermal energy is negligible (1)
3

(c) component of weight down the slope causes acceleration (1)

this component decreases as skateboard moves further down
the slope (1) air resistance/friction increases (with speed) (1)
2
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(d) (i) distance (= 0.42 × 5.4) = 2.3m (1)

(2.27m)
(allow C.E. for value of vh from (b))

(ii) vv 9 8 × 0 42 (1)
= 4.1(l) m s–1 (1)

(iii) v 2 = 4.12 + 5.42 (1)

v = 6.8 m s–1 (1)
(6.78 m s–1)
(allow C.E. for value of vh from (b))
5
[12]

M10. (a) suitable calculation using a pair of values of x and corresponding t

to give an average of 2.2 m s–1 (± 0.05 m s–1) (1)
valid reason given (1)
(e.g. larger values are more reliable/accurate
or use of differences eliminates zero errors)
2

(b) (i) column D (y/t (cm s–1)

186
210
233
259
284
307

all values correct to 3 s.f. (1)

(ii) graph: chosen graph gives a straight line (e.g. y/t against t) (1)
axes labelled correctly (1)
suitable scale chosen (1)
minimum of four points correctly plotted (1)
best straight line (1)

–1 –1
(iii) u ( y intercept) 162 cm (± 4 cm ) (1)
–2 –2
gradient = 495 (cm s ) (± 25 cm s ) (1)
k = gradient (= 495 cm s–2) (1)
9
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(c) (i) u : initial vertical component of velocity (1)

(ii) k : = ½ g (1)
2

(d) v 2 = u2 + 2.22 (1)

gives v = (1.622 + 2.22)1/2 = 2.7 m s–1 (± 0.1 m s –1) (1)
2
[15]