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Atomic absorption spectrum
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38 views11 pagesAnalytical 1 ...
Atomic absorption spectrum
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Bushra AkramCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
4 AN OVERVIEW OF ELEMENT
EW ELEMENTAL ‘
ANALYSIS VIA ATOMIC ee
SPECTROSCOPY TECHNIQUES
that an analyst can ask about the chemi
fentand at vihai concantator
en's ard mlfons of die
One ef the simpiest quest
ion ofa sampie is "whi
Q2. x there are only 92 na
a differentiating amen t Daily
the malacules. Nonetheless, the Stone
to impli ofien a)
mi sot
fant part of the information needed to assess
Forexaifiple, consider awater sample wh
tnd 11.0% hydrogen by mass, meaning thet only 98.2%
Jo up of water molecules, Whether the water f
ia purpese may vel depend cn the
ch as a microgram of
f however, you wat that water inthe fa
Hee ercies, purtcalen would be required, When wetercolabing 2: TANS
Te re iton boron is used nthe mankfacure ofthe ceramics ce
t ceauramaticaly, Research has shown that born
collects on ter iho eeramic turbine blades, causing tract
coer been imploated n catastrophic flee ot engines.
s of the peed for d
iretions of elements with
ome oftheseliits are nth
rations at these trace le
Delemination of element
ve scientific Insturnentation.
ste most commonly used techniques for he detrrnatin of
‘As tha ratte al
owe electromagnetic radiation (ich
rng a samp. (Not implct In the terrn
ps
i absorbed by andior emited from
wi’ * }
EE ee Chcepts Anatrumentation, and Tec
c atoms, oF jans, also 1 the headin:
in at Soncentration) is related to the amou si aecroney?
spectrometry (s
‘analytical informa
fons, ns noduced nto @ mass spectrometer
d charge ratio and are either qualitatively of
in Figute 1.1.7
el around the nucle
wich itis possibie fo
energy level sss0%
gher is energy
Excitation Decay
Figure gy Is absorbed by an atom, an elee-
a ;y level. Tho atom may daca) to a
thee n re in the orbitals Cosest to the nucleus and owe:
aiom le if-is Most prefeied and steblestate Knew. as its ground
Trigy s added tothe alom as te result of at sorption of electromag.
oF canoe ith another partce (electron, atom, on,
ormena toke plabe. The two most probable
4 increase the ki
5 es lage and wif a higher ener
ieee
lisowtthrenctier
Tacit aneter pase sion of patie el f
nN orbifal closer to the niiéle Pe ae ae
If the energy absorb: ‘
the ener absorbe ms high enough, an elactton may bo e pe
sociated fo [eaunganion wih s net postive charge) The eneray WUE? | aye!
ofthis own 2 fi ald the fora al ry
ntl eat nL lens also hava groundandevcit TrougrWhch yg
y 2 bythe seine exilion and decay processes as) 167",
pion or emission of electromagnetic radiation)
jer through colisions with othe
-nce in energy between the upper and lower energy levels
cefines, th of the raciation thats Invalvod in that transition.
Excitation Emission
inn Excited stato
| Energy | e ~%
gfe
al b) cl di f oon
Figure 1-2. Energy level diagram depicting energy transitions where a and b rep-
Fegent excitation, ¢ is ionization, dis fonizationfexcitaton,e is ion omission, and
fg anc h are atom emissio tion, and Techniques
concepts, Instrumental
-an be derived
ay diference and wavele
Jal his Planck's const
siterence between two 1a
qacney of the radiation. Substituting e foro, where
eis the spe
E=heb,
that energy and wavelenath aro
the wavelerighn decreases, and v
e energy dl
fis longer then
forence for fs less than for trans
Evonystomertt eneigy levels and thus tsown unique
Sof absorption and iris Es plop that makes atomic
tromety Ussful 0 aiytical teganiques,
The ullravomt(UVINisibk
the Set coro
though y ‘vomagnetc radiation can be considered lig
ther dis 3 he ‘erm “ight” will often be used in piace of
LUVivisible elector 2
e popularity of analytical techniques that use the
The pr f of
egion are that these ted accurate, precise, flexible, and
itnuly inexpeneive compared to lechniques which use other regions) such as
oar
