LEFT
Titration – I: Standardisation of EDTA
Std. Hard Water Vs EDTA
Volume of Std. Burette readings Volume of Concordant
Sl. (ml)
Hard Water EDTA Value Indicator
No.
(ml) Initial Final (ml) (ml)
1.
Eriochrome
(V1)
Black - T
2.
Calculation
1 ml of standard hard water contains 1 mg of CaCO3
20 ml of standard hard water contains 20 mg of CaCO3
20 ml of standard hard water consumes V1 ml of EDTA
V1 ml of EDTA is equivalent to 20 mg of CaCO3
∴ 1 ml of EDTA = 20 / V1 =
= _______ mg of CaCO3 equivalent.
Titration – II: Determination of Total Hardness
Std. EDTA Vs Sample Hard Water
Volume of Sample Burette readings Volume of Concordant
Sl. (ml)
Hard Water EDTA Value Indicator
No.
(ml) Initial Final (ml) (ml)
1.
Eriochrome
(V2)
Black - T
2.
20 ml of hard water sample consumes V2 ml of EDTA
1 ml of EDTA = 20 / V1 mg of CaCO3 equivalent
V2 ml of EDTA = V2 x 20 / V1 mg of CaCO3 equivalent
20 ml of hard water sample = V2 x 20 / V1 mg of CaCO3 equivalent
1000 ml of hard water sample = 20 x (V2 / V1) x 1000 / 20 mg of CaCO3 equivalent
1000 x V2
The total hardness of the given water sample = =
V1
= ________ ppm
Page | 2
2. DETERMINATION OF TOTAL, TEMPORARY & PERMANENT HARDNESS
OF WATER BY EDTA METHOD
RIGHT
Expt. No: Date:
AIM
To determine the amount of total, permanent and temporary hardness of a given
hard water sample by EDTA method.
PRINCIPLE
Hard water does not give lather with soap, but forms precipitate with soap.
Example:
2C17H35COONa + CaCl2 (C17H35COO)2Ca + 2NaCl
Soap Hardness Precipitate
(Sodium causing
Stearate) substance
Hardness present in water can be estimated by titrating with disodium salt of
EDTA. Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) is a tetra carboxylic acid. The
chemical structure of EDTA (I) and disodium salt of EDTA (II) can be represented as.
(I)
(II)
The total hardness is due to the presence of bicarbonates, chlorides and sulphates
of Ca and Mg in water.
Page | 3
Titration – III: Determination of Permanent Hardness LEFT
Std. EDTA Vs Boiled Sample Hard Water
Volume of Boiled Burette readings
Volume of Concordant
Sl. Sample (ml)
EDTA Value Indicator
No. Hard Water
Initial Final (ml) (ml)
(ml)
1.
Eriochrome
(V3)
Black - T
2.
Calculation
20 ml of boiled hard water sample consumes V3 ml of EDTA
1 ml of EDTA = 20/V1 mg of CaCO3 equivalent
V3 ml of EDTA = V3 x 20 / V1 mg of CaCO3 equivalent
20 ml of hard water sample = V3 x 20 / V1 mg of CaCO3 equivalent
1000 ml of hard water sample
= V3 x (20 / V1) x 1000 / 20 mg of CaCO3 equivalent
1000 x V3
The permanent hardness of the given water sample = = ________ppm
V1
NOTE:
1. Determination of Temporary Hardness:
Temporary hardness of the
given water sample = Total hardness – Permanent hardness
= ________ ppm
2. Hardness is expressed in mg/L or parts per million (ppm)
Page | 4
RIGHT
pH = 8 - 10
Ca2+ / Mg2+ +EBT (Ca2+ / Mg2+-EBT)
Unstable wine-red coloured complex
pH = 8-10
(Ca2+ / Mg2+ –EBT) + EDTA (Ca2+ / Mg2+- EDTA) + EBT
Colourless stable complex Steel blue
2. DETERMINATION OF TOTAL, TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT
HARDNESS OF WATER BY EDTA METHOD
Sl. TITRATION: I TITRATION: II TITRATION: IIi
Item Standardization of Determination of Determination of
No.
EDTA Total hardness Permanent hardness
Burette
1. solution EDTA solution Std. EDTA solution Std. EDTA solution
Pipette 20 ml of standard hard 20 ml of hard water 20 ml of boiled hard
2.
solution water (SHW) sample water sample
Additional
3. 5 ml ammonia buffer 5 ml ammonia buffer 5 ml ammonia buffer
Solution
3-5 drops of 3-5 drops of 3-5 drops of
4. Indicator Eriochrome Black-T
Eriochrome Black-T Eriochrome Black-T
Change of colour from Change of colour from Change of colour from
5. End point
wine red to steel blue wine red to steel blue wine red to steel blue
mg of CaCO3
6. Formula
equivalent
RIGHT Bottom
Result
1. The total hardness of the given water sample = ________ ppm
2. The permanent hardness of the given water sample = ________ ppm
3. The temporary hardness of the given water sample = ________ ppm
Page | 5
