Electrochemistry
1. What is oxidation?
Ans. It is a process which involves loss of electron by an atom or group of atoms.
2. What is reduction?
Ans. It is a process which involves gain of electron by an atom or group of atoms.
3. Define the term EMF.
Ans. The difference of potential which causes flow of current from one electrode to another electrode in an
electrochemical cell.
4. What is half-cell?
Ans. It is a half of the electrochemical cell where either oxidation or reduction occurs.
5. Name the electrolytes that can be used in salt Bridge.
Ans. Potassium sulphate, Potassium, chloride or Potassium nitrate.
6. What is the direction of flow of electrons in an electrochemical cell?
Ans. Electrons move from anode to cathode in an electrochemical cell.
7. What is the direction of flow of current in an electrochemical cell?
Ans. Current flows from cathode to anode.
8. What is a voltaic cell or electrochemical cell?
Ans: It is a device of converting the chemical energy into electrical energy.
9. What factor is kept in the mind, while selecting an electrolytic solution for the construction of a salt
bridge?
Ans: The ions in the electrolyte in the salt should not react with the ions of the electrolytes around
electrodes.
RATE OF REACTION
1. What is chemical kinetics?
Ans. Chemical kinetics is a branch of chemistry which deals with the study of rates of reaction and their
mechanism.
2. What do you understand by rate of reaction?
Ans. The rate of reaction is defined as the change in the molar concentration of anyone of the reactant or the
product per unit time.
3. What are the units of rate of reaction?
Ans. MolL-1 s-1
1
4. What are the factors on which the rate of rection depends?
Ans. The rate of reaction depends upon nature of the reactants, concentration of the reactants, temperature,
presence of catalyst and presence of radiations.
5. What is the effect of temperature on rate constant of a reaction?
Ans. It increases with increase in temperature.
ENTHALPY OF NEUTRALISATION
1. Define enthalpy of neutralisation.
Ans. Enthalpy of neutralisation of an acid or a base is the enthalpy change when 1 g equivalent of acid is
neutralised by a base or vice versa.
2. Define enthalpy of solution.
Ans. It is the enthalpy change taking place when one mole of a substance is dissolved in a specified number
of moles of solvent at a given temperature and pressure.
Organic
1. Name any four functional groups.
Ans: Hydroxyl group, Amino group, Carboxylic group and Aldehyde group.
2. Name two tests which distinguish aldehyde from ketone.
Ans: Tollen’s test and Fehling’s test.
3. What is the use of Lucas reagent?
Ans: It is used to distinguish between primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols.
4. What is the use of Schiff’s reagent?
Ans: Used to detect Aldehyde group.
Titration
1. What is titration?
Ans. The process of adding one solution from the burette to another in the conical flask in order to complete
the chemical reaction involved is known as titration.
2. Define Molarity.
Ans: The number of moles of a solute dissolved in 1 L of solution.
3. Define Normality
Ans: The amount of gram equivalent of compound present in the 1L solution.
4. It is customary to read lower meniscus in case of colorless and transparent solutions and upper meniscus
in case of highly coloured solution, why?
2
Ans. Because it is easy to read the lower meniscus in case of colourless solutions, while the upper meniscus
in case of coloured solutions. In case of coloured solutions lower mensicus is not visible clearly.
5. What is the activity of KMnO4 Mohr’s salt and Oxalic acid?
Ans: KMnO4 -5
Oxalic acid - 2
Mohr’s salt- 1
6. What is the indicator used in KMnO4 titration?
Ans. No external indicator is used because KMnO4 acts as self-indicator.
7. Why does KMnO4 acts itself as an indicator?
Ans. In the presence of dilute sulphuric acid, KMnO4 reacts with reducing agent (oxalic acid or ferrous
sulphate). When all the reducing agent has been oxidised the excess of KMnO4 is not decomposed and
impart pink colour to the solution.
8. Sometimes a brown ppt. is observed in KMnO4 titrations. Why?
Ans: It is due to insufficient quantity of dilute sulphuric acid. Brown coloured ppt. (MnO2.H2O) is formed
due to the incomplete oxidation of KMnO4.
2KMnO4 + H2O 2KOH + 2MnO2 + 3[O]
9. Why should you heat the oxalic acid solution to about 60-70°C before titrating with KMnO4 solution?
Ans. In cold, the reaction is very slow due to the slow formation of Mn2+ ions. Oxalic acid is heated to speed
up the liberation of Mn+2 ions, which then autocatalyses the reaction and thus the reaction proceed rapidly.
This also serve the purpose of expelling the Carbon dioxide evolved during the reaction which otherwise
does not allow the reaction to go to completion.
