Oral Communication in Context
Date__________________
I. Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to identify the types of speech
act and distinguish them from one another, and respond appropriately and
effectively to a speech act.
II. Subject Matter:
A. Content: Types of Speech Act
Content Standard: Recognizes that communicative competence requires
understanding of speech context, speech style, speech act and
communicative strategy.
Performance Standard: Demonstrates effective use of communicative
strategy in a variety of speech situations.
1. Learning Competencies: Observes the appropriate language forms in using a
particular speech style. (EN11/12OC-Ifj-19)
B. Materials: Laptop & Projector
III. Procedure:
A. Preparatory Activity
Prayer
B. Lesson Proper
Awareness/ Motivation
When you say something to someone, does he or she always get the
intended meaning of your utterance, or does he or she sometimes
misinterpret it?
What do you think is the reason(s) for the misinterpretation, if any?
Activity
Speech goes beyond the words you literally say. When you speak, you
are actually doing something; that is, you are performing an action. This is
referred to as a speech act. Whenever you say or utter something, you are
expressing an intention. However, there are times when your intended
meaning in or by saying something may be understood differently by your
addressee and vice versa. Thus, it is important to know the types of speech
act to foster effective communication when engaging in conversations. Here
are some essential points to learn:
Analysis
Locution
A locutionary act refers to the act of saying something or the actual
words spoken.
Example:
John: It’s really cold in here.
Explanation:
The basic act of utterance that John made is a locutionary act.
Illocution
An illocutionary act refers to the act a speaker performs in saying the
utterance. The speaker makes a locutionary act with some intention in mind.
Searle (1975) classifies illocutionary acts into five major categories: assertives,
directives, commissives, expressives, and declarations. The following states
the purpose of each category of illocutionary act according to Searle:
Assertives
The speaker commits to something being the case. Examples of this
kind are stating, suggesting, asserting, describing, insisting, swearing, and
concluding (that something is the case).
Example:
I am wearing a yellow shirt. (stating/describing)
Directives
The speaker gets the addressee to do something. Examples are
requesting, ordering, challenging, daring, commanding, pleading, and asking
(someone to perform an action).
Example:
Could you please buy me some food?
(asking/requesting/ordering)
Commissives
The speaker commits to some future course of action. Examples
include offering, promising, vowing, and planning.
Example:
I will eat a balanced diet from now on. (vowing)
Expressives
The speaker expresses his thoughts about something or a certain
situation. Examples are congratulating, thanking, apologizing, condoling, and
welcoming.
Example:
I’m deeply sorry for what I said to you yesterday. (apologizing)
Declarations
The speaker brings about immediate changes in the state of affairs
solely in virtue of the utterance. Examples of this kind are appointing,
nominating, baptizing, blessing, declaring (war), and firing.
Example:
I nominate Miss May Pascual for class president. (nominating)
Perlocution
A perlocutionary act refers to the effects, which may be intended or
not, the utterance has on the behavior, thoughts, and feelings of the
addressee. To simply put it, by saying something, a speaker gets an addressee
to do something.
To clearly illustrate the three types of speech act, study the following
example.
Example:
John: It’s really cold in here.
Austin: Let me close the window.
John: Thank you.
Explanation:
Locution: The actual words said by the speaker or John (“It’s really cold
in here.”)
Illocution: The action done by the speaker in making the
utterance⎼⎼(1) the act of requesting for someone to close the window, or (2)
the act of informing the addressee or Austin to let the window stay closed
because John likes the cold.
Perlocution: The consequence or effect of what was said, or what was
achieved by saying something; that is, John’s utterance resulted in Austin
closing the window.
The speech act is successful since Austin was able to recognize
John’s intention just by merely saying a few words.
Abstraction:
Speech goes beyond the words you literally say; thus, it is important to
know the types of speech acts to foster effective communication when
engaging in conversations.
The speech act theory has three basic types: locution, illocution, and
perlocution.
Locution is the act of saying something or the actual words spoken.
Illocution, known as the intention, has five major categories according to
Searle: assertive, directive, commissive, expressive, and declaration.
Perlocution, known as the effect of the utterance, seeks a change in the
behavior, thoughts, and feelings of the addressee.
(This should be coming from the students)
IV. Evaluation:
(Test Notebook)
V. Assignment:
Remarks:
__________________________________________________________________
Reflection:
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Instructional Decision:___________________
Prepared by:
NATALIE Y. JABAYBAY
Checked by:
