UPSC CSAT (2011 to 2024)

Number Systems
PYQS Solutions (19 Questions in CSAT 2023 and
20 Qs are asked in CSAT2024)

Spoorthy Srinivas (IIT)

CSAT & CAT Faculty (10 Years of exp)

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The SPOORTHY Number Systems CSAT 2025

Index

Number of PYQS
Chapter Name
(CSAT + other UPSC exams)
1 Number Systems – 01 (Basic classification) 27 Q
2 Number Systems – 02 (Divisibility Rules, 46 Q
Prime numbers…etc)
3 Number Systems – 03 5Q
(Indices & Surds)
4 Number System -04 (Unit digits + Cyclicity) 8Q
5 Number System -05 7Q
(Number of Zeros)
6 Number Systems – 06 (Factorization) 8Q
7 Number System -07 (Remainders) 14 Q
8 Number System -08 (LCM & HCF) 28 Q
9 Number Systems – 09 (Counting numbers, 7 Q
Mis concepts)
10 Counting (Related to Permutations & 24 Q
Combinations) – PYQS

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Number Systems
Strategy Class

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Topics to be revised before solving the Questions (b) an even number

Chapter – 1: Basic Classification (c) an odd number
Chapter -2: Divisibility Rules, Remainders, (d) divisible by 9
Squares Cubes
Chapter – 3: Indices and Surds 8. How many prime numbers are there between
200 and 230? (UPSC CISF AC 2018)
PYQS (a) 1 (b) 2
Questions (Set -1): (c) 3 (d) 4
1. The difference of squares of two consecutive
odd numbers is always (UPSC CISF AC 2018) 9. A 3- digit number 43 is added to 984 to get a
(a) divisible by 8 4-digit number 13Y7. If 13Y7 is divisible by 11,
(b) divisible by 3 then what is the value of (X+Y)? (UPSC CAPF
(c) divisible by 16 2017)
(d) None of the above (a) 15 (b) 12
(c) 11 (d) 10
2. If the sum of a real number and its reciprocal is
equal to 5, then what is the sum of the squares 10. If the product of n positive numbers is unity,
of the number and its reciprocal? (UPSC CISF then their sum is (UPSC CAPF 2017)
AC 2021) (a) a positive integer
(a) 25 (b) 24 (b) divisible by n
(c) 23 (d) 22 (c) equal to (n + 1/n)
(d) never less than n
3. Sum of the series 22 + 42 + 62 + …..+ 202 is
(UPSC IES 2021) 11. Which one of the following is the greatest
(a) 1040 (b) 1540 number by which the product of three
(c) 2540 (d) 3080 consecutive even numbers would be exactly
divisible? (UPSC CAPF AC 2019)
4. Suppose x is the smallest integer greater than 3 (a) 12 (b) 24
such that when it is divided by 6 or 8, the (c) 48 (d) 64
remainder is 3. y is the smallest integer greater
than 2 such that when it is divided by 6 or 8, 12. A is the smallest positive integer which when
the remainder is 2. What is x – y? (UPSC CISF divided by 9 and 12 leaves remainder 8. B is the
AC 2020) smallest positive integer which when divided
(a) 1 (b) 2 by 9 and 12 leaves remainder 5. Which one of
(c) 3 (d) 4 the following is the value of A – B? (UPSC
CAPF AC 2019)
5. When the digits of two-digit numbers are (a) 3 (b) 2
reversed, the number increased by 27, the sum (c) 1 (d) 0
of such two-digit numbers is (UPSC CAPF
2019) 13. A two-digit number is such that the product of
(a) 235 (b) 249 the digits is 8. If 63 is added to this number, the
(c) 213 (d) 180 digits interchange their places. What is the sum
of the digits in the number? (UPSC CDS 2021)
6. The sum of squares of successive integers 8 to (a) 6 (b) 7
16, both inclusive, will be (UPSC IES 2018) (c) 8 (d) 9
(a) 1126 (b) 1174
(c) 1292 (d) 1356 14. If the number 23P62971335 is divisible by the
smallest odd composite number, then what is
7. Suppose P and Q are distinct two-digit
the value of P? (UPSC CDS 2020)
numbers consisting of the same digits. Then P-
Q is (UPSC CISF AC 2018) (a) 4 (b) 5
(a) a prime number (c) 6 (d) 7
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15. The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is (c) 5 (d) 4

13 and the difference between the number and
that formed by reversing the digits is 27. What 22. The eight-digit number 789459xy is divisible
by 88, where x and y are digits. What are the
is the product of the digits of the number?
possible values of x and y? (UPSC EPFO 2023)
(UPSC CDS 2020)
(a) x = 1, y = 2 (b) x = 2, y = 2
(a) 35 (b) 40
(c) x = 3, y = 6 (d) x = 4, y = 4
(c) 45 (d) 54
23. Consider the following number?
16. The number 2x3x5x7x11+1 is (UPSC CDS
1. 437 2. 797
2020) 3. 1073
(a) a prime number How many of the above numbers are prime?
(b) not a prime, but power of a prime (UPSC CDS 2023)
(c) not a power of a prime, but a composite (a) Only one (b) Only two
even after (c) All three (d) None
(d) not a power of a prime, but a composite odd
number 24. Consider the following statements:
(1) If n is a natural number, then the number
17. If m is the number of prime numbers between (n(n2 + 2)/3 is also a natural number.
0 and 50 and n is the number of prime numbers (2) If m is an odd integer, then the number
between 50 and 100, then what is (m – n) equal (m4 + 4m2 + 11)/16 is an integer.
to? (UPSC CDS 2020) Which of the statements given above is/are
correct? (UPSC CDS 2023)
(a) 4 (b) 5
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) 6 (d) 7
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
18. When N is divided by 17, the quotient is equal
25. It is given that 5 does not divide n – 1, n and n
to 182. The difference between the quotient + 1, where n is a positive integer. Which one of
and the remainder is 175. What is the value of the following is correct? (UPSC CDS 2023)
N? (UPSC CDS 2019) (a) 5 divides (n2 + 1)
(a) 2975 (b) 3094 (b) 5 divides (n2 – 1)
(c) 5 divides (n2 + n)
(c) 3101 (d) 3269
(d) 5 divides (n2 – n)

19. The inequality 3N > N3 holds when (UPSC 26. Consider a 6-digit number of the form
CDS 2019) XYXYXY. The number is divisible by: (UPSC
(a) N is any natural number
CDS 2023)
(b) N is natural number greater than 2
(c) N is a natural number greater than 3 (a) 3 and 7 only (b) 7 and 13 only
(d) N is a natural number except 3 (c) 3, 13 and 37 only (d) 3, 7, 13 and 37

20. Three numbers which are co-prime to each 27. If x = 4444…, then what is the value of x?
other, are such that the product of the first two (UPSC CDS 2023)
is 286 and that of the last two is 770. What is (a) 2 (b) 4
the sum of the three numbers? (UPSC CDS (c) 8 (d) 16
2018)
(a) 85 (b) 80 (c) 75 (d) 70 28. Let m and n be natural number. What is the
minimum value of (m + n) such that 33m + 22n
21. What would be the maximum value of Q in the is divisible by 121? (UPSC CDS 2023)
equation 5P9 + 3R7 +2Q8 = 1114? (UPSC CDS (a) 3 (b) 4
2016) (c) 5 (d) 10
(a) 9 (b) 8
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29. Consider the following statements: 35. What is the smallest number, which when
(1) n3 – n is divisible by 6. multiplied by 9 gives the product having the
(2) n5 – n is divisible by 5. digit 5 only in all places? (UPSC CISF 2023)
(3) n5 – 5n3 + 4n is divisible by 120. (a) 95283955 (b) 61728395
Which of the statements given above are (c) 12345675 (d) 59382716
correct? (UPSC CDS 2023)
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only 36. A 2-digit number is such that the sum of the
(c) 1 and 3only (d) 1, 2 and 3 number and the number obtained by reversing
the order of the digits of the number is 55.
30. When the square of the sum of two numbers
Further, the difference of the given number
are added to the square of their difference, we
and the number obtained by reversing the
get 416. The difference between the square of
order of the digits of the number is 45. What is
the sum and square of the difference is 384.
the product of the digits? ((UPSC CDS 2023))
What are the numbers? (UPSC CISF 2022)
(a) 5 (b) 2
(a) 18 and 24 (b) 12 and 16 (c) 1 (d) 0
(c) 8 and 12 (d) 10 and 12
37. What is the least value of n if 194480 + n = m4,
31. If the sum of five consecutive even numbers is
where m and n are natural numbers? (UPSC
equal to the product of first five natural
CDS 2022)
numbers, then which one of the following is
(a) 1 (b) 2
the largest of those even numbers? (UPSC (c) 3 (d) 4
CISF 2022)
(a) 30 (b) 24 38. Let p = 22n+2 + m and q = 24n – m (Where n is
(c) 26 (d) 28 even natural number). What should be the
least value of m such that p as well as q is
32. Which one of the following is the difference of
divisible by 5? (UPSC CDS 2022)
the sum of cubes of first ten natural numbers
and the sum of squares of first ten natural (a) -1 (b) 1
numbers? (UPSC CAPF 2022) (c) 4 (d) 6
(a) 2400 (b) 2640
(c) 2880 (d) 2000 1 1
39. What is + + ... …………….
1+ 2 2+ 3
33. If x and y are two-digit prime numbers such 1
+…………..+ ?
that y is obtained from x by interchanging its 2020 + 2021
digits and x-y = 36, then what is the value of (UPSC CDS 2022)
xy? (UPSC CAPF 2023) (a) 2020 + 1 (b) 2021 + 1
(a) 1611 (b) 2701 (c) 2020 + 2021 − 1 (d) 2021 − 1
(c) 4031 (d) 5603

34. How many three-digit numbers are possible 40. What is the smallest natural number from the
such that the difference between the original following which must be subtracted from 9410
number and the number obtained by reversing to make the remaining number a perfect
the digits is 396? (no digit is repeated) (UPSC square? (UPSC CDS 2022)
CAPF 2023) (a) 4 (b) 3
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 2 (d) 1
(c) 50 (d) 40

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41. If squaring a positive real number x is same as UPSC CSAT PYQS (Set -2):
adding 12, then what is x equal to? (UPSC CDS
2022) 1. A gardener has 1000 plants. He wants to plant
them in such a way that the number of rows
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
and the number of columns remains the same.
What is the minimum number of plants that he
42. Consider the following statements:
needs more for this purpose? (UPSC CSAT
(1) The sum of the cubes of three consecutive 2013)
natural numbers is divisible by 9. (a) 14 (b) 24
(2) Every even power of every odd number (> (c) 32 (d) 34
1) when divided by 8 gives 1 as remainder.
Which of the above statements is/are correct? 2. If R and S are different integers both divisible
(UPSC CDS 2022) by 5, then which of the following is not
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only necessarily true?
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (a) R – S is divisible by 5 (UPSC CSAT 2016)
(b) R + S is divisible by 10
43. If three times the greater of two numbers is (c) R × S is divisible by 25
divided by the smaller number, the quotient (d) R2 + S2 is divisible by 5
will be 6 and the remainder will be 6. If five
times the smaller number is divided by the 3. There are certain 2-digit numbers. The
greater number, the quotient will be 2 and the difference between the number and the one
obtained on reversing it is always 27. How
remainder will be 3. What is the difference
many such maximum 2-digit numbers are
between the numbers? (UPSC CDS 2022)
there? (UPSC CSAT 2017)
(a) 8 (b) 9 (a) 3 (b) 4
(c) 10 (d) 12 (c) 5 (d) None of the above

44. There are two natural numbers x and y, where 4. A 2-digit number is reversed. The larger of the
x > y. When x is divided by 6, it leaves the two numbers is divided by the smaller one.
remainder 2 and; when y is divided by 6, it What is the largest possible remainder (UPSC
leaves the remainder 3. What is the remainder CSAT 2017)
when (x - y) is divided by 6? (UPSC CDS 2022) (a) 9 (b) 27
(c) 36 (d) 45
(a) 1 (b) 3
(c) 5
5. The age of Mr. X last year was the square of a
(d) Remainder cannot be determined
number and it would be the cube of a number
next year. What is the least number of years he
45. The value of a 2-digit number is 5 times the
must wait for his age to become the cube of a
sum of the digits. What is the product of the number again? (UPSC CSAT 2017)
digits? (UPSC CDS 2022) (a) 42 (b) 38
(a) 15 (b) 18 (c) 25 (d) 16
(c) 20 (d) 27
6. Certain 3-digit numbers have the following
characteristics: (UPSC CSAT 2017)
1. All the three digits are different.
2. The number is divisible by 7.
3. The number on reversing the digits is also
divisible by 7.
How many such 3-digit numbers are there?
(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 6 (d) 3

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(a) 5 (b) 4
7. X and Y are natural numbers other than 1, and (c) 3 (d) 2
Y is greater than X. Which of the following
represents the largest number? (UPSC CSAT 13. Let XYZ be a three-digit number, where
2018) (X+Y+Z) is not a multiple of 3. Then
(a) XY (b) X/Y (XYZ+YZX+ZXY) is not divisible by? (UPSC
(c) Y/X (d) (X+Y)/XY CSAT 2020)
(a) 3 (b) 9
8. If x – y = 8, then which of the following must (c) 37 (d) (X+Y+Z)
be true?
1) Both x and y must be positive for any value 14. Let p, q, r and s be natural numbers such that
of x and y. p-2016 = q+2017 = r-2018 = s+2019 Which one
2) If x is positive, y must be negative for any of the following is the largest natural number?
value of x and y. (UPSC CSAT 2020)
3) If x is negative, y must be positive for any (a) p (b) q
value of x and y. (c) r (d) s
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below. (UPSC CSAT 2018) 15. One page is torn from a booklet whose pages
(a) only 1 (b) only 2
are numbered in the usual manner starting
(c) Both 1 and 2
from the first page as 1. The sum of the
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 nor 3
numbers on the remaining pages is 195. The
9. A number consists of three digits of which the torn page contains which of the following
middle on is zero and their sum is 4. If the numbers? (UPSC CSAT 2020)
number formed by interchanging the first and (a) 5, 6 (b) 7, 8
last digits is greater than the number itself by (c) 9, 10 (d) 11, 12
198, then the difference between the first and
16. Let A3BC and DE2F be four-digit numbers
last digits is? (UPSC CSAT 2018)
where each letter represents a different digit
(a) 1 (b) 2
greater then 3. If the sum of the numbers is
(c) 3 (d) 4
15902, then what is the difference between the
10. An 8-digit number 4252746B leaves remainder values of A and D? (UPSC CSAT 2020)
0 when divided by 3. How many values of B (a) 1 (b) 2
are possible? (UPSC CSAT 2019) (c) 3 (d) 4
(a) 2 (b) 3
17. How many integers are there between 1 and
(c) 4 (d) 6
100 which have 4 as a digit but are not divisible
11. Number 136 is added to 5B7 and the sum by 4 as a digit but are not divisible by 4? (UPSC
obtained is 7A3, where A and B are integers. It CSAT 2020)
is given that 7A3 is exactly divisible by 3. The (a) 5 (b) 11
only possible value of B is?(UPSC CSAT 2019) (c) 12 (d) 13
(a) 2 (b) 5
18. A digit n>3 is divisible by 3 but not divisible by
(c) 7 (d) 8
6. Which one of the following is divisible by 4?
12. The ratio of a two-digit natural number to a (UPSC CSAT 2020)
number formed by reversing its digits is 4 : 7. (a) 2n (b) 3n
The number of such pairs is? (UPSC CSAT (c) 2n + 4 (d) 3n + 1
2019)
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19. Consider all 3-digit numbers (without What is the smallest such number? (UPSC
repetition of digits) obtained using three non- CSAT 2021)
zero digits which are multiples of 3. Let S be
their sum. (a) 15713 (b) 15723
Which of the following is/are correct?
1. S is always divisible by 74 (c) 15783 (d) 15873
2. S is always divisible by 9

Select the correct answer using the code given 24. Consider the following statements:
below. (UPSC CSAT 2021)
(a) 1 only 1) The sum of 5 consecutive integers can be
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 100.
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 2) The product of three consecutive natural
numbers can be equal to their sum.
20. Integers are listed from 700 to 1000. In how
many integers is the sum of the digits 10 ? Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(UPSC CSAT 2021) (UPSC CSAT 2021)
(a) 6 (b) 7 (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) 8 (d) 9
(c) Both 1 and 2
21. The number 3798125P369 is divisible by 7. (d) Neither 1 nor 2
What is the value of the digit P? (UPSC CSAT
2021)
(a) 1 (b) 6 25. Consider the following multiplication
(c) 7 (d) 9 problem:

22. The difference between a 2-digit number and (PQ)  3 = RQQ, where P, Q and R are different
the number obtained by interchanging the digits and R  0.
number obtained by interchanging the What is the value of (P + R)  Q ? (UPSC CSAT
positions of the digits is 54. Consider the 2021)
following statements: (a) 1
(b) 2
1. The sum of the two digits of the number (c) 5
can be determined only if the product of (d) Cannot be determined due to
insufficient data
the two digits is known.
2. The difference between the two digits of 26. An Identity Card has the number ABCDEFG,
the number can be determined. not necessarily in that order, where each letter
Which of the above statements is/are correct? represents a distinct digit (1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 only).
The number is divisible by 9. After deleting the
(UPSC CSAT 2021)
first digit from the right, the resulting number
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
is divisible by 6. After deleting two digits from
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 the right of original number, the resulting
number is divisible by 5. After deleting three
23. When a certain number is multiplied by 7, the digits from the right of original number, the
product entirely comprises ones only (1111…). resulting number is divisible by 4. After
deleting four digits from the right of original

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number, the resulting number is divisible by 3. Which of the above statements is/are correct?
After deleting five digits from the right of (UPSC CSAT 2022)
original number, the resulting number. is (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
divisible by 2. Which of the following is a
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
possible value for the sum of the middle three
digits of the number? (UPSC CSAT 2022) 32. If p, q, r and s are distinct single digit positive
(a) 8 (b) 9 (c) 11 (d) 12 numbers, then what is the greatest value of (p
+ q)(r + s)? (UPSC CSAT 2023)
27. Which number amongst 240, 321, 418 and 812 is
(a) 230 (b) 225
the smallest? (UPSC CSAT 2022) (c) 224 (d) 221
(a) 240 (b) 321
(c) 4 18 (d) 812 33. A number N is formed by writing 9 for 99
times. What is the remainder if N is divided by
28. Let p be a two-digit number and q be the
13? (UPSC CSAT 2023)
number consisting of same digits written in
(a) 11 (b) 9
reverse order. If pxq=2430, then what is the (c) 7 (d) 1
difference between p and q? (UPSC CSAT
2022) 34. Each digit of a 9-digit number is 1. It is
(a) 45 (b) 27 multiplied by itself. What is the sum of the
(c) 18 (d) 9 digits of the resulting number? (UPSC CSAT
2023)
29. Consider the following statements in respect of
(a) 64 (b) 80
two natural numbers p and q such that p is a (c) 81 (d) 100
prime number and q is a composite number: 35. What is the sum of all digits which appear in
all the integers from 10 to 100? (UPSC CSAT
1) pxq can be an odd number.
2) q/p can be a prime number. 2023)
3) p+q can be a prime number. (a) 855 (b) 856
Which of the above statements are correct? (c) 910 (d) 911
(UPSC CSAT 2022)
(a) 1 and 2 only. (b) 2 and 3 only 36. If ABC and DEF are both 3-digit numbers such
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 that A, B, C, D, E and F are distinct non-zero
digits such that ABC + DEF = 1111, then what
30. The sum of three consecutive integers is equal is the value of A + B + C + D + E + F? (UPSC
to their product. How many such possibilities CSAT 2023)
are there? (UPSC CSAT 2022) (a) 28 (b) 29
(a) Only one (b) Only two (c) 30 (d) 31
(c) Only three
(d) No such possibility is there 37. D is a 3-digit number such that the ratio of the
number to the sum of its digits is least. What is
31. Let A, B and C represent distinct non zero the difference between the digit at the
digits. Suppose x is the sum of all possible 3- hundred’s place and the digit at the unit’s
digit numbers formed by A, B and C without place of D? (UPSC CSAT 2023)
repetition. (a) 0 (b) 7
(c) 8 (d) 9
Consider the following statements:
1. The 4-digit least value of x is 1332.
2. The 3-digit greatest value of x is 888.

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38. Three of the five positive integers p, q, r, s, t are (d) Cannot be determined due to insufficient
even and two of them are odd (not necessarily data
in order). Consider the following;
41. For any choices of values of X, Y and Z, the 6-
1. p + q + r – s – t is definitely even. digit number of the form XYZXYZ is divisible
2. 2p + q + 2r – 2s + t is definitely odd. by: (UPSC CSAT 2023)
Which of the above statements is/are (a) 7 and 11 only (b) 11 and 13 only
correct? (UPSC CSAT 2023) (c) 7 and 13 only (d) 7, 11 and 13
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 42. Let pp, qq and rr be 2-digit numbers where p <
39. Consider the following in respect of prime
q < r. If pp + qq + rr = tt0, where tt0 is a 3-digit
number p and composite number c.
number ending with zero, consider the
1. p+c /p-c can be even. following statements:
2. 2p + c can be odd.
1. The number of possible values of p is 5.
3. pc can be odd.
2. The number of possible values of q is 6.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Which of the above statements is/are
(UPSC CSAT 2023)
correct? (UPSC CSAT 2023)
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(d) 1, 2 and 3
43. What is the sum of all 4-digit numbers less than
40. A 3-digit number ABC, on multiplication with 2000 formed by the digits 1, 2, 3 and 4, where
D gives 37DD where A, B, C and D are none of the digits is repeated? (UPSC CSAT
different non-zero digits. What is the value of 2023)
A + B + C? (UPSC CSAT 2023) (a) 7998 (b) 8028
(c) 8878 (d) 9238
(a) 18 (b) 16
(c) 15
Key
PYQS 18. C 37. A 9. B 28. D
(1 to 3) chapters: 19. D 38. B 10. C 29. D
Set -1 20. D 39. D 11. D 30. C
1. A
21. A 40. D 12. B 31. A
2. C
22. D 41. C 13. B 32. B
3. B
23. A 42. C 14. C 33. A
4. A
24. C 43. B 15. B 34. C
5. B
25. A 44. C 16. C 35. B
6. D
26. D 45. C 17. C 36. D
7. D
27. B 18. D 37. A
8. D CSAT PYQS
28. B 19. C 38. A
9. D (Set -2)
29. D 20. D 39. D
10. D 1. B
30. C 21. B 40. A
11. C 2. B
31. D 22. C 41. D
12. A 3. D
32. B 23. D 42. C
13. D 4. D
33. B 24. C
14. A 5. B
34. C 25. B
15. B 6. B
35. B 26. A
16. A 7. A
36. D 27. B
17. B 8. D

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The SPOORTHY Number Systems CSAT 2025

Chapter – 4 (Cyclicity) &

(Set -1): 2. If the number 22  54  46  108  610  1512  814
1. Consider the following number:  2016  1018  2520 is divisible by 10n, then
n = [(6374)1793  (625)317  (313)49] which one of the following is the maximum
Which one of the following is the digit at the value of n ? (UPSC CAPF AC 2018)
unit place of n? (UPSC CAPF 2017) (a) 78 (b) 85
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 5 (c) 89 (d) 98

2. All odd prime numbers up to 110 are 3. What is the largest power of 10 that divides
multiplied together. What is the unit digit in the product 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 . . . x 23 x 24 x 25?
this product? (UPSC CDS 2018) (UPSC CDS 2018)
(a) 0 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) none (a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 5 (d) None
100
3. What is the digit in the unit place of 2 2 ?
(UPSC EPFO 2023) 4. What is the largest power of 10 that divides the
(a) 2 (b) 4 product 29 × 28 × 27 ×…2 × 1? (UPSC CDS
(c) 6 (d) 8 2023)
(a) 4 (b) 5
4. What is the last digit of the sum S = 927 + 279? (c) 6 (d) 7
(UPSC CDS 2023)
(a) 3 (b) 6 Set -2
(c) 7 (d) 9 1. How many zeroes are there at the end of the
following product? (UPSC CSAT 2020) 1 x 5 x
5. The digit in the unit place of the number 10 x 15 x 20 x 25 x 30 x 35 x 40 x 45 x 50 x 55
(347)192 x (143)205 is: (UPSC CISF 2023) x 60
(a) 9 (b) 1 (a) 10 (b) 12
(c) 7 (d) 3 (c) 14 (d) 15

(Set -2): Chapter – 6 (Factorization)

1. For what value of n, the sum of digits in the Set -1:
number (10n + 1) is 2? (UPSC CSAT 2020)
(a) For n = 0 only 1. The least integer when multiplied by 2940
becomes a perfect square is (UPSC CAPF 2019)
(b) For any whole number n
(a) 10 (b) 15
(c) For any positive integer n only (c) 20 (d) 35
(d) For any real number n
2. Which one of the following is the smallest
2. What is the unit digit in the expansion of number by which 2880 must be divided in
(57242)9 × 7 × 5 × 3 × 1? (UPSC CSAT 2023) order to make it a perfect square? (UPSC CAPF
(a) 2 (b) 4 2017)
(c) 6 (d) 8 (a) 3 (b) 4
(c) 5 (d) 6
Chapter – 5 (Number of Zeros Concept)
Set -1 3. What is the largest value for n (natural
1. Consider the following number: 35  55  610  number) such that 6n divides the product of the
106  1512  1215  257 What is the number of first 100 natural numbers? (UPSC CAPF AC
consecutive zeros at the end of the number 2018)
(a) 18 (b) 33
given above? (UPSC CISF AC 2020)
(c) 44 (d) 48
(a) 50 (b) 46
(c) 37 (d) 35
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The SPOORTHY Number Systems CSAT 2025

4. Suppose 72 = m  n, where m and n are positive (a) 6 (b) 7

integers such that 1 < m < n. How many (c) 8 (d) 9
possible values of m are there? (UPSC CAPF
AC 2018) Chapter – 7
(a) 5 (b) 6 (Remainders in larger Powers)
(c) 10 (d) 12 Set -1:

5. Consider the following statements in respect of 1. Which one of the following is the remainder
all factors of 360: when 1020 is divided by 7? (UPSC CAPF AC
1. The number of factors is 24. 2018)
2. The sum of all factors is 1170. (a) 1 (b) 2
Which of the above statements is/are correct? (c) 4 (d) 6
(UPSC CDS 2023)
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only 2. Suppose, the remainder obtained while
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 dividing x by 61 is 2. What is the remainder
obtained while dividing x7 by 61? (UPSC EPFO
6. Consider the number N = 126 x 38 x 53. Which 2017)
of the following statements is/are correct? (a) 2 (b) 4
(1) The number The of odd factors of N is 60. (c) 5 (d) 6
(2) Number of even factors of N is 720. Select
3. Which one of the following is the remainder
the
when 74100 is divided by 9? (UPSC EPFO 2021)
Correct answer using the code given below: (a) 2 (b) 5
(UPSC CDS 2022) (c) 3 (d) 7
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 4. What is the remainder when 21000000 is divided
by 7? (UPSC CDS 2021)
Set – 2: (a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 4 (d) 6
1. If 15 x 14 x 13 x...x3x2x1 = 3m x n. Where m and
n are positive integers, then what is the 5. What is the remainder when (2717 – 1517) is
maximum value of m? (UPSC CSAT 2022) divided by 6? (UPSC CDS 2021)
(a) 7 (b) 6 (a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 5 (d) 4 (c) 3 (d) 4

2. How many pairs of natural numbers are there 6. What is the remainder when 6599 is divided by
such that the difference of whose square is 63? 11? (UPSC CDS 2023)
(UPSC CSAT 2020) (a) 0 (b) 5
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 9 (d) 10
(c) 5 (d) 2
7. When every even power of every odd integer
3. Let x be a positive integer such that 7x + 96 is (greater than 1) is divided by 8, what is the
divisible by x. How many values of x are remainder? (UPSC CDS 2023)
(a) 3 (b) 2
possible? (UPSC CSAT 2023)
(c) 1
(a) 10 (b) 11 (d) The remainder is not necessarily 1.
(c) 12 (d) Infinitely many
8. 4143 + 4343 is divisible by? (UPSC CDS 2022)
4. How many natural numbers are there which
(a) 80 (b) 84
give a remainder of 31 when 1186 is divided by (c) 86 (d) 88
these natural numbers? (UPSC CSAT 2023)
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The SPOORTHY Number Systems CSAT 2025

9. 461 + 462 + 463 + 464 is divisible by? (UPSC CDS minimum possible value of their sum? (UPSC
2022) CISF AC 2021)
(a) 7 (b) 9 (a) 21 (b) 15
(c) 11 (d) 17 (c) 18 (d) 16

10. 275 + 1313 is divisible by? (UPSC CDS 2022) 3. The smallest number which when added to
10000 becomes divisible by 20, 24 and 30 is
(a) 8 (b) 10
(UPSC CAPF AC 2021)
(c) 12 (d) 21
(a) 120 (b) 800
(c) 80 (d) 83
Set -2:
4. Suppose m = HCF of x and y and n = LCM of x
1. What is the remainder when 51 x 27 x 35 x 62 x
and y. Consider the following.
75 is divided by 100? (UPSC CSAT 2020)
1. m2n  x2y
(a) 50 (b) 25 2. mn2  x2y
(c) 5 (d) 1 Which of the following is/are correct? (UPSC
CISF AC 2020)
2. If 32019 is divided by 10, then what is the (a) 1 only
remainder? (UPSC CSAT 2021) (b) 2 only
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) Both 1 and 2
(c) 7 (d) 9 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

3. What is the remainder when 91 x 92 x 93 x 94 x 5. Four metal rods of lengths 78 cm, 104 cm, 117
95 x 96 x 97 x 98 x 99 is divided by 1261 (UPSC cm and 169 cm are to be cut into parts of equal
CSAT 2022) length. Each part must be as long as possible.
(a) 3 (b) 2 The maximum number of pieces that can be cut
(c) 1 (d) 0 will be (UPSC IES 2020)
(a) 27 (b) 36
4. What is the remainder when 85 × 87 × 89 × 91 (c) 43 (d) 52
× 95 × 96 is divided by 100? (UPSC CSAT 2023)
6. Three runners are running in a circular track,
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 4 and they complete one round in 20, 30 and 35
minutes respectively. When will they next
5. What is the remainder if 2192 is divided by 6? meet at the starting point? (UPSC CDS 2021)
(UPSC CSAT 2023)
(a) 0 (b) 1 (a) After 3 hour 30 minutes
(c) 2 (d) 4 (b) After 4 hour 30 minutes
(c) After 3 hours
Chapter – 8 (HCF & LCM) (d) After 7 hours
7. The sum of LCM and HCF of two numbers is
Set -1: 536 and the difference between LCM and HCF
is 296. If one of the numbers is 104, then what
1. What is the greatest number less than 1000 is the other number? (UPSC CDS 2021)
which when divided respectively by 5, 7 and 9 (a) 420 (b) 480
leaves the remainders 3, 5 and 7 respectively? (c) 484 (d) 506
(UPSC CISF AC 2018)
(a) 943 (b) 963 8. There are two numbers P and q such that their
(c) 953 (d) 989 HCF is 1. Which of the following statements
are correct? (CDS 2016)
2. If the LCM and HCF of two positive integers 1. Both p and q may be prime.
are 18 and 3 respectively, then what is the
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The SPOORTHY Number Systems CSAT 2025

2. One number may be prime and the other

composite. Both the numbers may be 15. Suppose p and q are the LCM and HCF
composite. respectively of two positive numbers. If p: q
3. Both the numbers may be composite. =14: 1 and pq = 1134, then what is the
Select the correct answer using the code given
difference between the two numbers? (UPSC
below:
CDS 2022)
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 only (a) 27 (b) 35
(c) 45
9. If x is the smallest natural number that is (d) Cannot be determined due to insufficient
divisible by both 24 and 30, whereas y is the data
largest natural number that divides both 36
and 100, then what is the value of x – y? (UPSC 16. If x is the HCF and y is the LCM of 3/5, 6/25,
EPFO 2023) 9/20, 27/50 then which one of the following is
(a) 116 (b) 124 correct? (UPSC CDS 2022)
(c) 128 (d) 132 (a)y = 90x (b)y = 180x
(c)y = 270x (d) y = 360x
10. What is the largest number which divides both
(235 – 1) and (291 – 1)? (UPSC CDS 2023) Set -2:
(a) 34 (b) 90
(c) 127 (d) 129 1. A bell rings every 18 minutes. A second bell
rings every 24 minutes. A third bell rings every
11. What is the HCF of (329 – 9) and (338 – 9)? (UPSC 32 minutes. If all the three bells ring at the same
CDS 2023) time at 8 o'clock in the morning, at what other
(a) 39 – 1 (b) 311 – 1 time will they all ring together? (UPSC CSAT
2014)
(c) 3 – 3
11 (d) 311 – 9
(a) 12 : 40 hrs (b) 12 : 48 hrs
(c) 12 : 56 hrs (d) 13 : 04 hrs
12. The product of two numbers is 2160 and their
HCF is 12. If the sum of the squares of the two
2. Five persons fire bullets at a target at an
numbers is 4896, then what is the mean of the interval of 6, 7, 8, 9 and 12 seconds respectively.
two numbers? (UPSC CDS 2023) The number of times they would fire the
(a) 24 (b) 36 bullets together at the target in an hour is
(c) 48 (d) 96 (UPSC CSAT 2014)
(a) 6 (b) 7
13. Which one of the following is the largest 3-digit (c) 8 (d) 9
number which when divided by 12, 15 and 18
respectively, gives a remainder 5 in each case? 3. Three persons start walking together and their
steps measure 40 cm, 42 cm and 45 cm
(UPSC CISF 2022)
respectively. What is the minimum distance
(a) 955 (b) 905 each should walk so that each can cover the
(c) 995 (d) 755 same distance in complete steps ? (UPSC
CSAT 2018)
14. Let L be the LCM and H be the HCF of two (a) 25 m 20 cm (b) 50 m 40 cm
given numbers. L and H are in the ratio 3: 2. If (c) 75 m 60 cm (d) 100 m 80 cm
the sum of the two numbers is 45, then what is
the product of the numbers? 4. In a school, every student is assigned a unique
(UPSC CDS 2023) identification number. A student is a football
(a) 243 (b) 486 player. If and only if the identification number
(c) 504 is divisible by 4, whereas a student is a
(d) Cannot be determined due insufficient data cricketer if and only if the identification
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The SPOORTHY Number Systems CSAT 2025

number is divisible by 6. If every number from (a) 0.05 foot (b) 0.25 foot
1 to 100 is assigned to 3 student, then how (c) 1 foot (d) 3.25 foot
many of them play cricket as well as football?
9. Joseph visits the club on every 5th day, Harsh
(UPSC CSAT 2019)
visits on every 24th day, while Sumit visits on
(a) 4 (b) 8
every 9th day. If all three of them met at the club
(c) 10 (d) 12
on a Sunday, then on which day will all three
of them meet again? (UPSC CSAT 2021)
5. Seeta and Geeta go for a swim after a gap of
(a) Monday (b) Wednesday
every 2 days and every 3 days, respectively. If (c) Thursday (d) Sunday
on 1st January both of them went for a swim
together, when will they go together next? 10. What is the smallest number greater than 1000
(UPSC CSAT 2019) that when divided by any one of the numbers
(a) 7th January 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 leaves a remainder of 3? (UPSC
(b) 8th January CSAT 2022)
(c) 12th January (a) 1063 (b) 1073
(d) 13th January (c) 1083 (d) 1183

6. What is the least four-digit number when 11. There are three traffic signals. Each signal
divided by 3, 4, 5 and 6 leaves a remainder 2 in changes colour from green to red and then
each case? (UPSC CSAT 2020) from red to green. The firs signal takes 25
(a) 1012 (b) 1022 seconds, the second signal takes 39 seconds
(c) 1122 (d) 1222
and the third signal takes 60 seconds to change
the colour from green to red. The durations for
7. What is the greatest length x such that 3(1/2)
green and red colours are same. At 2:00 p.m.,
m and 8(3/4) m are integral multiples of x?
(UPSC CSAT 2020) they together turn green. At what time will
(a) 1(1/2)m (b) 1(1/3)m they change to green next, simultaneously?
(c) 1(1/4) m (d) 1(3/4)m (UPSC CSAT 2023)
(a) 4:00 p.m. (b) 4:10 p.m.
8. If you have two straight sticks of length 7.5 feet (c) 4:20 p.m. (d) 4:30 p.m.
and 3.25 feet, what is the minimum length can
you measure? (UPSC CSAT 2020)

Chapter – 9 (Miscellaneous Concepts) 2. How many numbers are there between 99 and
Set -1: 1000 such that the digit 8 occupies the units
1. How many times does the digit 3 appear place? (UPSC CSAT 2017)
between 1 and 100 such that the number where (a) 64 (b) 80
3 appears is not divisible by 3? (UPSC EPFO (c) 90 (d) 104
2021)
(a) 11 (b) 12 3. What is the total number of digits printed, if a
(c) 13 (d) 17 book containing 150 pages is to be numbered
from 1 to 150 (UPSC CSAT 2017)
Set -2: (a) 262 (b) 342
1. How many numbers are there between 100 and (c) 360 (d) 450
300 which either begin with or end with 2?
(UPSC CSAT 2016) 4. The number of times the digit 5 will appear
(a) 110 (b) 111 while writing the integers from 1 to 1000 is
(c) 112 (d) None (UPSC CSAT 2019)

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The SPOORTHY Number Systems CSAT 2025

(a) 269 (b) 271

(c) 300 (d) 302 Chapter – 8:
Set -1:
5. A printer numbers the pages of a book starting 1. A
with 1and uses 3089 digits in all. How many 2. B
3. C
pages does the book have? (UPSC CSAT 2019)
4. A
(a) 1040 (b) 1048 5. B
(c) 1049 (d) 1050 6. D
7. B
6. The recurring decimal representation 8. D
1.272727… is equivalent to? (UPSC CSAT 9. A
2020) 10. C
(a) 13/11 (b) 14/11 11. D
(c) 127/99 (d) 137/99 12. C
13. B
PYQS Key: 14. D
Chapter -4: 15. C
Set -1: 1-A, 2-C; 3-C; 4-B; 5-D Set -2: 1- B; 2-A 16. D
Set -2:
Chapter-5: 1. B
Set -1: 1- C; 2-D; 3-D; 4-C: Set -2: 1- A 2. B
3. A
Chapter-6: 4. B
Set -1: 1-B; 2-C; 3-D; 4-A; 5-C; 6-C 5. A
Set -2: 1- B; 2-A; 3-C; 4-D 6. B
7. D
Chapter-7: 8. B
Set -1: 1-B; 2-D; 3-D; 4-B; 5- A; 6-D; 7- C; 8-B; 9-D; 9. B
10-A 10. C
11. B
Set -2: 1- A; 2-C; 3-D; 4-A; 5-D; 6-B
Chapter-9:
Key:
Set -1: 1-B
Set -2: 1- A; 2-C; 3-B; 4-C; 5-C; 6-B

Scan here for Number Systems Strategy Class

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 Nanber
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The SPOORTHY UPSC CSE 2024 CSAT Number Systems

Number Systems best approach:

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UPSC CSE Paper – II (Set – A)

Q9). How many consecutive zeros are there at the end of the integer obtained in the
product 12 x24 x 36 x 48 x... x2550 (UPSC CSAT 2024)
(α) 50 (b) 55 (c) 100 (d) 200

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Q10). On January 1st, 2023, a person saved 1. On January 2nd, 2023, he saved 2 more than
that on the previous day. On January 3rd, 2023, he saved 2 more than that on the previous
day and so on. At the end of which date was his total savings a perfect square as well a
perfect cube?
(a) 7th January, 2023 (b) 8th January, 2023
(c) 9th January, 2023 (d) Not possible

Q15). 222333 +333222 is divisible by which of the following numbers?

(a) 2 and 3 but not 37 (b) 3 and 37 but not 2
(c) 2 and 37 but not 3 (d) 2, 3 and 37

Q17). What is the rightmost digit preceding the zeros in the value of 3030?
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 7 (d) 9

Q18). 421 and 427, when divided by the same number, leave the same remainder 1. How
many numbers can be used as the divisor in order to get the same remainder 1?
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

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Q19). A can X contains 399 litres of petrol and a can Y contains 532 litres of diesel. They are
to be bottled in bottles of equal size so that whole of petrol and diesel would be separately
bottled19. A can X contains 399 litres of petrol and a. The bottle capacity in terms of litres is
an integer. How many different bottle sizes are possible?
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6

Q20). Consider the following statements in respect of the sum S = x+y+z, where x, y and z
are distinct prime numbers each less than 10:

1. The unit digit of S can be 0.

2. The unit digit of S can be 9
3. The unit digit of S can be 5.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

Q35). Let X be a two-digit number and Y be another two-digit number formed by

interchanging the digits of X. If (X+Y) is the greatest two-digit number, then what is the
number of possible values of X?
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8

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The SPOORTHY UPSC CSE 2024 CSAT Number Systems

Q39).Let p, q, rand s be distinct positive integers. Let p, q be odd and z, s be even. Consider
the following statements:
1. (p - r) 2 (qs) is even.
2. (q – s)q2s is even
3. (q + r)2 (p + s) is odd.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

Q45).What is the number of fives used in numbering a 260-page book?

(a) 55 (b) 56 (c) 57 (d) 60

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The SPOORTHY UPSC CSE 2024 CSAT Number Systems

Q46). What is the sum of the first 28 terms in the following sequence?
1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 4, 3, 2, 1, 5, 4, 3, 2,...
(α) 83 (c) 85 (b) 84 (d) 86

Q48). If the sum of the two-digit numbers AB and CD is the three-digit number ICE, where
the letters A, B, C, D, E denote distinct digits, then what is the value of A?
(a) 9 (b) 8
(c) 7 (d) Cannot be determined due to insufficient data

Q49). Three numbers x, y, z are selected from the set of the first seven natural numbers
such that x > 2y> 3z. How many such distinct triplets (x, y, z) are possible?
(a) One triplet (b) Two triplets (c) Three triplets (d) Four triplets

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The SPOORTHY UPSC CSE 2024 CSAT Number Systems

Q54). 325 +227 is divisible by

(α) 3 (b) 7 (c) 10 (d) 11

Q55). Let p and q be positive integers satisfying p<q and p + q = k. What is the smallest
value of k that does not determine p and q uniquely?
(a) 3 (c) 5 (b) 4 (d) 6

Q59). A Question is given followed by two Statements 1 and II.

Consider the Question and the Statements.
Question: What are the values of m and n, where m and n are natural numbers.

Statement-1: (m + n) > (mn) and m > n.

Statement-II: The product of m and n is 24.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Question and the Statements?

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(a) The Question can be answered by using one of the Statements alone, but cannot be
answered using the other Statement alone

(b) The Question can be answered by using either Statement alone

(c) The Question can be answered by using both the Statements together, but cannot be
answered using either Statement alone

(d) The Question cannot be answered even by using both the Statements together

Sol: C
Statement-1: (m + n) > (mn) and m > n.
By using this statement there are infinite values are possible for m and n.
Examples, (2, 1), (3,1)….

Statement-II: The product of m and n is 24.

By using this, we can take two pairs for m and n, (8, 3) & (24, 1)

By merging both the statements, m and n are respectively, 24 and 1.

Q64). A Question is given followed by two Statements I and II. Consider the Question and
the Statements.

Question: What are the unique values of x and y, where x, y are distinct natural numbers?

Statement-l: x/y is odd.

Statement-II: xy = 12

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Question and the Statements?

(a) The Question can be answered by using one of the Statements alone, but cannot be
answered using the other Statement alone

(b) The Question can be answered by using either Statement alone

(c) The Question can be answered by using both the Statements together, but cannot be
answered using either Statement alone

(d) The Question cannot be answered even by using both the Statements together

Sol: C
With the help of two statements, x and y are 6 and 2.
6 x 2 = 12 & 6/2 = 3

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The SPOORTHY UPSC CSE 2024 CSAT Number Systems

Q67). A Question is given followed by two Statements I and II. Consider the Question and
the Statements.
There are three distinct prime numbers whose sum is a prime number.
Question: What are those three numbers?
Statement-I: Their sum is less than 23.
Statement-II: One of the numbers is 5.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Question and the Statements?

(a) The Question can be answered by using one of the Statements alone, but cannot be
answered using the other Statement alone

(b) The Question can be answered by using either Statement alone

(c) The Question can be answered by using both the Statements together, but cannot be
answered using either Statement alone

(d) The Question cannot be answered even by using both the Statements together
Sol: C
Let Prime numbers are X, Y and Z
X + Y + Z = Prime (Examples:
(3, 5, 11); (5, 7, 11); …..many combinations are exist.
Statement -1: X + Y + Z < 23
Ex: (3, 5, 11)
Statement -II: X =5, Y and Z
(3, 5, 11)

Q68). A Question is given followed by two Statements I and II.

Consider the Question and the Statements.

Question: Is (x+y) an integer?

Statement-1: (2x+y) is an integer.

Statement-II: (x+2y) is an integer.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Question and the Statements?

(a) The Question can be answered by using one of the Statements alone, but cannot be
answered using the other Statement alone

(b) The Question can be answered by using either Statement alone

(c) The Question can be answered by using both the Statements together, but cannot be
answered using either Statement alone

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The SPOORTHY UPSC CSE 2024 CSAT Number Systems

(d) The Question cannot be answered even by using both the Statements together
Sol: d

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