XII Functions and LCD Module
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RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
APPLICATION PART # 01: TOPIC – WISE SHEETS No. of Que. Attempted
SHEET # 01 15
SHEET # 02 15
SHEET # 03 15
SHEET # 04 15
SHEET # 05 15
SHEET # 06 15
SHEET # 07 15
SHEET # 08 15
SHEET # 09 15
SHEET # 10 15
SHEET # 11 15
SHEET # 12 15
SHEET # 13 15
SHEET # 14 15
APPLICATION PART # 02: PROBLEMS TARGETED TO JEE MAINS
SHEET # 01 30
SHEET # 02 29
APPLICATION PART # 03: JEE MAINS CORNER 28
APPLICATION PART # 04: PROBLEMS TARGETED TO JEE ADVANCED
SHEET # 01 18
SHEET # 02 12
SHEET # 03 19
SHEET # 04 7
SHEET # 05 19
SHEET # 06 23
APPLICATION PART # 06 : JEE ADVANCED CORNER 12
Total Questions 407
LIMITS, CONTINUITY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY
APPLICATION PART # 01: TOPIC – WISE SHEETS No. of Que. Attempted
SHEET # 01 30
SHEET # 02 15
SHEET # 03 15
SHEET # 04 15
SHEET # 05 15
SHEET # 06 15
SHEET # 07 15
SHEET # 08 15
SHEET # 09 15
SHEET # 10 14
SHEET # 11 15
SHEET # 12 15
SHEET # 13 15
SHEET # 14 15
SHEET # 15 15
APPLICATION PART # 02: PROBLEMS TARGETED TO JEE MAINS 50
APPLICATION PART # 03: JEE MAINS CORNER 33
APPLICATION PART # 04: PROBLEMS TARGETED TO JEE ADVANCED
SHEET # 01 62
SHEET # 02 11
SHEET # 03 19
SHEET # 04 08
SHEET # 05 104
APPLICATION PART # 06 : JEE ADVANCED CORNER 32
Total Questions 558
RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS
CONCEPT IN BRIEF 1 – 13
APPLICATION PART # 01: TOPIC–WISE SHEETS 14 – 35
SHEET # 01: BASIC INEQUALITIES
SHEET # 02: PROBLEMS ON DOMAIN
SHEET # 03: PROBLEMS ON DOMAIN
SHEET # 04: PROBLEMS ON RANGE
SHEET # 05: PROBLEMS ON RANGE
SHEET # 06: EQUAL OR IDENTICAL FUNCTIONS, EVEN ODD FUNCTIONS
SHEET # 07: CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONS
(one – one, many–one, onto, into)
SHEET # 08: PROBLEMS ON CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONS
(one – one, many–one, onto, into)
SHEET # 09: FUNCTIONAL EQUATIONS
SHEET # 10: COMPOSITION OF FUNCTIONS,
PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS
SHEET # 11: INVERSE OF A FUNCTIONS
SHEET # 12: PERIODIC FUNCTIONS
SHEET # 13: MISCELLANEOUS
SHEET # 14: MISCELLANEOUS
APPLICATION PART # 02: PROBLEMS TARGETED TO JEE MAIN 36 – 41
APPLICATION PART # 03: JEE MAIN CORNER 42 – 45
APPLICATION PART # 04: PROBLEMS TARGETED TO JEE ADVANCED 46 – 62
SHEET # 01 SINGLE CORRECT OBJECTIVE PROBLEMS
SHEET # 02 COMPREHENSION TYPE PROBLEMS
SHEET # 03 MORE THAN ONE CORRECT OBJECTIVE PROBLEMS
SHEET # 04 INTEGER / SUBJECTIVE TYPE PROBLEMS
SHEET # 05 SUBJECTIVE PROBLEMS
SHEET # 06 SUBJECTIVE PROBLEMS
APPLICATION PART # 05: JEE ADVANCED CORNER 63 – 65
ANSWER KEY 66 – 72
LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
CONCEPT IN BRIEF 73 – 91
APPLICATION PART # 01: TOPIC–WISE SHEETS 92 – 114
SHEET # 01: GENERAL INTRODUCTION OF LIMITS, VARIOUS
SHEET # 02: VARIOUS METHODS TO SOLVE LIMITS, PROBLEMS ON
SHEET # 03: PROBLEMS ON LIMITS, PROBLEMS ON LHL AND RHL
SHEET # 04: TRIGONOMETRICAL LIMITS, EXPONENTIAL LIMITS,
LOGARITHMIC LIMITS, OTHER STANDARD LIMITS
SHEET # 05: 1 RAISED TO INFINITY INDETERMINANT FORM
SHEET # 06: EXPANSION OF FUNCTIONS, 4 SPECIAL LIMITS
SHEET # 07: L HOSPITAL RULE, SANDWICH THEOREM
SHEET # 08: INTRODUCTION OF CONTINUITY, EXISTENCE OF
SHEET # 09: CONTINUITY IN OPEN AND CLOSED INTERVAL
SHEET # 10: TYPES OF DISCONTINUITIES
SHEET # 11: THEOREMS ON CONTINUITY, PROBLEMS ON CONTINUITY
SHEET # 12: INTRODUCTION OF DERIVATIVE, EXISTENCE OF
SHEET # 13: DERIVATIVE IN OPEN AND CLOSED INTERVAL
SHEET # 14: THEOREMS ON DIFFERENTIABILITY, PROBLEMS ON
DIFFERENTIABILITY
SHEET # 15: DETERMINATION OF DIFFERENTIABLE FUNCTIONS DEFINED
APPLICATION PART # 02: PROBLEMS TARGETED TO JEE MAIN 115 – 120
APPLICATION PART # 03: JEE MAIN CORNER 121 – 125
APPLICATION PART # 04: PROBLEMS TARGETED TO JEE ADVANCED 126 – 153
SHEET # 01 SINGLE CORRECT OPTION
SHEET # 02 COMPREHENSION TYPE
SHEET # 03 MORE THAN ONE CORRECT OPTION
SHEET # 04 MATCH THE COLUMNS
SHEET # 05 SUBJECTIVE PROBLEMS
APPLICATION PART # 05: JEE ADVANCED CORNER 154 – 160
ANSWER KEY 161 – 167
RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 1
RELATIONS
DEFINITION
Let A and B be two non-empty sets, then every subset of A × B defines a relation from A
to B and every relation from A to B is a subset of A × B.
Example: Let A = {1, 2, 5, 8, 9}, B = {1, 3} we set a relation from A to B as: a R b iff
a b; a A, b B . Then R = {(1, 1)}, (1, 3), (2, 3)} A × B
(1) Total number of relations : Let A and B be two non-empty finite sets consisting
of m and n elements respectively. Then A × B consists of mn ordered pairs. So,
total number of subset of A × B is 2mn.
(2) Domain and range of a relation : Let R be a relation from a set A to a set B.
Then the set of all first components or coordinates of the ordered pairs belonging
to R is called the domain of R, while the set of all second components or
coordinates of the ordered pairs in R is called the range of R.
Thus, Dom (R) = {a : (a, b) R} and Range (R) = {b : (a, b) R}.
(3) Relation on a set : Let A be a non-void set. Then, a relation from A to itself i.e. a
subset of A × A is called a relation on set A.
Example: 1 Let A = {1, 2, 3}. The total number of distinct relations that can be defined
over A is
(A) 29 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) None of these
2
Solution: (A) n( A A) n( A).n( A) 3 9
So, the total number of subsets of A A is 2 9 and a subset of A A is a relation
over the set A.
Example: 2 Let X {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and Y {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} . Which of the following is/are
relations from X to Y
(A) R1 {( x , y ) | y 2 x , x X , y Y } (B) R2 {(1, 1), (2, 1), ( 3, 3), (4, 3), (5, 5)}
(C) R3 {(1, 1), (1, 3)(3, 5), (3, 7), (5, 7)} (D) R4 {(1, 3), (2, 5), (2, 4), (7, 9)}
Solution: (B,C) R4 is not a relation from X to Y, because (7, 9) R4 but (7, 9) X Y .
Example: 3 Given two finite sets A and B such that n(A) = 2, n(B) = 3. Then total
number of relations from A to B is
(A) 4 (B) 8 (C) 64 (D) None of these
Solution: (C) Here n( A B) = 2 × 3 = 6
Since every subset of A × B defines a relation from A to B, number of relation
from A to B is equal to number of subsets of A B 26 64, which is given in
(C).
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
2 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
TYPES OF RELATIONS
Reflexive A relation R on a set A is said to be reflexive if every element of A is
relation related to itself.
Symmetric A relation R on a set A is said to be a symmetric relation iff
relation (a, b) R (b, a) R, a, b A
Anti-symmetric Let A be any set. A relation R on set A is said to be an anti-symmetric
relation relation iff (a, b) R and (b, a) R a = b for all a, b A. (a, b) R
and (b, a) R a = b for all a, b A.
Transitive Let A be any set. A relation R on set A is said to be a transitive relation
relation iff (a, b) R and (b, c) R (a, c) R for all a, b, c A i.e., aRb and
bRc aRc for all a, b, c A.
Identity Let A be a set. Then the relation IA = {(a, a) : a A} on A is called the
relation identity relation on A.
Equivalence A relation R on a set A is said to be an equivalence relation on A iff
relation (i) It is reflexive i.e. (a, a) R for all a A
(ii) It is symmetric i.e. (a, b) R (b, a) R, for all a, b A
(iii) It is transitive i.e. (a, b) R and (b, c) R (a, c) R for all a,
b, c A.
Example: Let A = {1, 2, 3} and R = {(1, 1); (1, 3)}
Then R is not reflexive since 3 A but (3, 3) R
Example: Let N be the set of natural numbers. A relation R N N is defined by xRy iff x
divides y(i.e., x/y).
Then x R y, y R x x divides y, y divides x x y
Example: Consider the set A = {1, 2, 3} and the relations
R1 {(1, 2), (1,3)} ; R2 = {(1, 2)}; R3 = {(1, 1)}; R4 = {(1, 2), (2, 1), (1, 1)}
Then R1 , R2 , R3 are transitive while R4 is not transitive since in R4 , (2, 1) R4 ; (1, 2) R4 but
(2, 2) R4 .
Note : The identity relation on a non-void set A is always reflexive relation on A. However, a
reflexive relation on A is not necessarily the identity relation on A.
The universal relation on a non-void set A is reflexive.
The identity and the universal relations on a non-void set are symmetric relations.
A relation R on a set A is not a symmetric relation if there are at least two elements a,
b A such that (a, b) R but (b, a) R.
A reflexive relation on a set A is not necessarily symmetric.
The identity relation on a set A is an anti-symmetric relation.
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 3
The universal relation on a set A containing at least two elements is not anti-
symmetric, because if a b are in A, then a is related to b and b is related to a under
the universal relation will imply that a = b but a b.
The set {(a, a) : a A} D is called the diagonal line of A A . Then “the relation R in
A is antisymmetric iff R R 1 D ”.
The identity and the universal relations on a non-void sets are transitive.
The relation ‘is congruent to’ on the set T of all triangles in a plane is a transitive
relation.
It is interesting to note that every identity relation is reflexive but every reflexive
relation need not be an identity relation.
Also, identity relation is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
If R and S are two equivalence relations on a set A , then R S is also an equivalence
relation on A.
The union of two equivalence relations on a set is not necessarily an equivalence relation
on the set.
The inverse of an equivalence relation is an equivalence relation.
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
4 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
FUNCTIONS
DEFINITION
(1) Let X and Y be any two non-empty sets. “A function from X to Y is a rule or
correspondence that assigns to each element of set X, one and only one element of set Y”.
Let the correspondence be ‘f’ then mathematically we write f : X Y where
y f (x ), x X and y Y . We say that ‘y’ is the image of ‘x’ under f (or x is the pre
image of y).
Two things should always be kept in mind:
(i) A mapping f : X Y is said to be a function if each element in the set X has it’s
image in set Y. It is also possible that there are few elements in set Y which are not the
images of any element in set X.
(ii) Every element in set X should have one and only one image. That means it is
impossible to have more than one image for a specific element in set X. Functions can
not be multi-valued.
(2) Number of functions : Let X and Y be two finite sets having m and n elements
respectively. Then each element of set X can be associated to any one of n elements of set
Y. So, total number of functions from set X to set Y is n m .
(3) Value of the function : If y f (x ) is a function then to find its values at some value of x,
say x a, we directly substitute x = a in its given rule f (x ) and it is denoted by f (a) .
Example: 1 If A contains 10 elements then total number of functions defined from A to A
is
(A) 10 (B) 210 (C) 1010 (D) 210 1
Solution: (C) According to formula, total number of functions = nn
Here, n = 10. So, total number of functions = 1010.
x | x |
Example: 2 If f ( x ) , then f (1)
| x|
(A) 1 (B) – 2 (C) 0 (D) 2
1 | 1| 1 1
Solution: (B) f (1) 2 .
| 1| 1
1 1
Example: 3 If f ( x ) for x 2, then f (11)
x 2 2x 4 x 2 2x 4
7 5 6 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 6 7 7
1 1
Solution: (C) f ( x)
x 2 2x 4 x 2 2x 4
1 1 1 1 3 2 3 2 6
f (11) .
11 2 18 11 2 18 3 2 3 2 7 7 7
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 5
DOMAIN, CO – DOMAIN AND RANGE OF FUNCTION
If a function f is defined from a set of A to
set B then for f : A B set A is called the
domain of function f and set B is called the
co-domain of function f. The set of all f-
images of the elements of A is called the
range of function f.
In other words, we can say Domain = All possible values of x for which f(x) exists.
Range = For all values of x, all possible values of f(x).
Methods for finding domain and range of function
Domain Range
(a) Expression under even root (i.e., square (a) If domain finite number of points
root, fourth root etc.) 0 range set of corresponding f ( x)
(b) Denominator 0. values.
(c) If domain of y f ( x) and y g ( x) (b) If domain R or R – [some finite
are D1 and D2 respectively then the points]. Then express x in terms of y.
domain of f ( x) g ( x) or f ( x).g ( x) From this find y for x to be defined (i.e.,
find the values of y for which x exists).
is D1 D2 .
(c) If domain a finite interval, find the
f ( x)
(d) While domain of is least and greatest value for range using
g ( x)
monotonicity.
D1 D2 {g ( x ) 0}.
1
Example: 4 Domain of the function is
x2 1
(A) (, 1) (1, ) (B) (, 1] (1, )
(C) (, 1) [1, ) (D) None of these
Solution: (A) For domain, x 2 1 0 ( x 1)( x 1) 0
x 1 or x 1 x (, 1) (1, ) .
log ( x 3)
Example: 5 Find the domain of definition of f ( x ) 2 2 .
x 3x 2
(A) (3, ) (B) {1, 2}
(C) (3, ) {1, 2} (D) (, )
log ( x 3) log 2 ( x 3)
Solution: (C) Here f ( x) 2 2 exists if,
x 3x 2 ( x 1)( x 2)
Numerator x 3 0 x 3 …... (i)
and denominator ( x 1)( x 2) 0 x 1, 2 …… (ii)
Thus, from (i) and (ii); we have domain of f ( x) is (3, ) {1, 2} .
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
6 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
Example: 6 The domain of the function f ( x) x x 2 4 x 4 x is
(A) [4, ) (B) [4, 4] (C) [0, 4] (D) [0, 1]
Solution: (D) f ( x) x x2 4 x 4 x
clearly f ( x) is defined if
4 x 0 x 4 4 x 0 x 4
x(1 x) 0 x 0 and x 1
Domain of f (, 4] [4, ) [0,1] [0,1] .
Example: 7 The domain of the function f ( x ) log 3 x ( x 2 1) is
(A) (3, 1) (1, ) (B) [3, 1) [1, )
(C) (3, 2) (2, 1) (1, ) (D) [3, 2) (2, 1) [1, ]
Solution: (C) f ( x) is to be defined when x 2 1 0
x 2 1, x 1 or x 1 and 3 x 0
x 3 and x 2
Dr (3, 2) (2, 1) (1, ) .
1 x2
Example: 8 The range of is
x2
(A) (0, 1) (B) (1, ) (C) [0, 1] (D) [1, )
2
1 x 1
Solution: (B) Let y x 2 y 1 x 2 x 2 ( y 1) 1 x 2
x2 y 1
1
Now since, x 2 0 0 ( y 1) 0 y 1 y (1, )
y 1
Example: 9 If f ( x ) a cos( bx c ) d , then range of f ( x ) is
(A) [d a, d 2a] (B) [a d , a d ]
(C) [d a, a d ] (D) [d a, d a ]
Solution: (D) f ( x) a cos(bx c) d ….. (i)
For minimum cos(bx c) 1
from (i), f ( x) a d (d a) ,
for maximum cos(bx c) 1
from (i), f ( x) a d ( d a)
Range of f ( x) [d a, d a] .
ALGEBRA OF FUNCTION
Let f ( x) and g ( x) be two real and single-valued functions, with domains X f , X g and
ranges Y f and Y g respectively. Let X X f X g . Then, the following operations are
defined.
(1) Scalar multiplication of a function: (c f )( x) c f ( x), where c is a scalar. The
new function c f ( x) has the domain X f .
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 7
(2) Addition/subtraction of functions: ( f g )( x) f ( x) g ( x). The new function
has the domain X.
(3) Multiplication of functions: ( fg )( x) ( g f )( x) f ( x) g ( x). The product
function has the domain X.
(4) Division of functions :
f f ( x)
( x) . The new function has the domain X, except for the values of x
g g ( x)
for which g ( x) 0.
(5) Equal functions : Two function f and g are said to be equal functions, iff
(i) Domain of f = domain of g
(ii) Co-domain of f = co-domain of g
(iii) f ( x) g ( x) x their common domain
KINDS OF FUNCTION
One-One If each element in the domain of a function has a distinct image in the
Function co-domain the function is said to be one-one function and is also known
(Injective) as Injective Function.
Many-One If there are two or more than two elements of domain having the same
Function image then f(x) is called Many - One function.
Onto Let f : X Y be a function. If each element in the co-domain Y has at
Function least one pre- image in the domain X i.e. Range f = Co domain, then f is
(Surjective) called onto.
Into Function If there exist one or more than one element in the Co-domain Y which is
not an image of any element in the domain X. Then f is into.
Bijective If function be both one-one and onto then function is called Bijective.
Function
Number of Function :
Let X = {x1, x2, x3, .......... xn} (i.e. n elements)
and Y = {y1, y2, y3 ........... yr} (i.e. r elments) .
r C .n! r n
(a) Total number of one to one function = n
0 rn
r n r Cn .n! r n
(b) Total number of many-one function = n
r rn
(c) Total number of onto function
r n r C1 (r 1)n r C2 (r 2)n r C3 (r 3)n . . . r n
r! rn
0 rn
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
8 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
(d) Total number of into function =
r C1 (r 1)n r C2 (r 2)n r C3 (r 3) n . . . r n
rn r n
DOMAIN AND RANGE OF SOME STANDARD FUNCTIONS
Function Domain Range
Polynomial function R R
Identity function x R R
Constant function K R {K}
1 R0 R0
Reciprocal function
x
Signum function R {1, 0, 1}
[ x] R I
x [ x] R [0, 1)
ax R R+
log x R+ R
sin x R [1, 1]
cos x R [1, 1]
tan x 3 R
R – ,
,.........
2 2
cot x R – {0, , 2 ,..............} R
sec x 3 R –(–1, 1)
R – ,
,.............
2 2
cos ecx R – 0, , 2 ,.............. R – ( – 1, 1)
sin 1 x [1, 1]
2 , 2
cos 1 x [1, 1] [0, ]
tan 1 x R
,
2 2
cot 1 x R (0, )
1
sec x R– (1,1)
[0, ]
2
cosec 1 x R– (1,1)
2 , 2 {0}
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 9
Any function, which is entirely increasing or decreasing in the whole of a domain, is one-
one.
Any continuous function f(x), which has at least one local maximum or local minimum, is
many-one.
If any line parallel to the x-axis cuts the graph of the function at most at one point, then
the function is one-one and if there exists a line which is parallel to the x-axis and cuts
the graph of the function in at least two points, then the function is many-one.
Any polynomial function f : R R is onto if degree of f is odd and into if degree of f is
even.
An into function can be made onto by redefining the co-domain as the range of the
original function.
Example: 10 Function f : N N , f ( x ) 2 x 3 is
(A) One-one onto (B) One-one into
(C) Many-one onto (D) Many –one into
Solution: (B) f is one-one because f ( x1 ) f ( x2 ) 2 x1 3 2 x2 3 x1 x2
x3
Further f 1 ( x) N (domain) when x = 1, 2, 3 etc.
2
f is into which shows that f is one-one into.
Example: 11 Find number of surjection from A to B where A {1, 2, 3, 4}, B {a, b}
(A) 13 (B) 14 (C) 15 (D) 16
2
Solution: (B) Number of surjection from A to B ( 1) 2 r 2C r ( r ) 4
r 1
2 1 2 4 2 2 2 4
( 1) C1 (1) ( 1) C 2 (2) 2 16 14
Therefore, number of surjection from A to B = 14.
xm
Example: 12 Let f : R R be a function defined by f ( x ) , where m n . Then
xn
(A) f is one-one onto (B) f is one-one into
(C) f is many one onto (D) f is many one into
Solution: (B) For any x, y R, we have
xm ym
f ( x) f ( y ) xy
xn yn
f is one-one
xm m n
Let R such that f ( x ) x
xn 1
Clearly x R for 1 . So, f is not onto.
EVEN AND ODD FUNCTION
(1) Even function : If we put (–x) in place of x in the given function and if
f ( x) f ( x) , x domain then function f(x) is called even function.
(2) Odd function : If we put (–x) in place of x in the given function and if
f ( x) f ( x), x domain then f(x) is called odd function.
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
10 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
The graph of even function is always symmetric with respect to y-axis.
The graph of odd function is always symmetric with respect to origin.
The product of two even functions is an even function.
The sum and difference of two even functions is an even function.
The sum and difference of two odd functions is an odd function.
The product of two odd functions is an even function.
The product of an even and an odd function is an odd function
Example: 13 Let f ( x ) x 4 15, then the graph of the function y f ( x ) is symmetrical
about
(A) The x-axis (B) The y-axis (C) The origin (D) The line x y
Solution: (B) f ( x) x4 15 f ( x) ( x) 4 15 x4 15 f ( x)
f ( x) f ( x) f ( x) is an even function f ( x) is symmetric about y- axis.
Example: 14 The function f ( x) log( x x 2 1 ) is
(A) An even function (B) An odd function
(C) Periodic function (D) None of these
Solution: (B) f ( x) log( x x2 1) and f ( x) log( x x2 1) f ( x) , so f ( x) is an
odd function.
PERIODIC FUNCTION
A function is said to be periodic function if its each value is repeated after a definite
interval. So a function f(x) will be periodic if a positive real number T exist such that,
f ( x T ) f ( x), x domain. Here the least positive value of T is called the period of
the function. Clearly f ( x) f ( x T ) f ( x 2T ) f ( x 3T ) ..... .
SOME STANDARD RESULTS ON PERIODIC FUNCTIONS
Functions Periods
(1) sin n x, cos n x , secn x, cosec n x ; if n is even
2 ; if n is odd or fraction
(2) tan n x, cot n x ;n is even or odd.
(3) | sin x |,| cos x |,| tan x |,| cot x |, | sec x |, | cosec x |
(4) x [ x] 1
(5) Algebraic functions e.g., x , x 2 , x 3 5,....etc Period does not exist
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 11
If f(x) is periodic with period T, then c.f(x), f(x + c)and f(x) c is periodic with period T.
where c is any constant.
T
If a function f(x) has a period T, then the function f(ax+b) will have a period .
|a|
1
If f(x) is periodic with period T then , f x and af x b is also periodic with
f ( x)
same period T.
If f1(x), f2(x), f3(x) are periodic functions with periods T1, T2, T3 respectively then; we
have h( x) af1 ( x) bf 2 ( x) cf3 ( x) , has period as
LCM of T1 , T2 , T3 ; if h x is not an even function
1 ,
2 LCM of T1 , T2 , T3 ; if h x is an even function and f1 , f 2 , f3 are pair wise complementary i.e. cofunction
x x x
Example: 15 The function f ( x ) sin 2 cos tan is periodic with period
2 3 4
(A) 6 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 12
x 2
Solution: (D) sin x has period 2 sin has period 4
2
2
x 2 x
cos x has period 2 cos has period 6 2cos has period=6
3 3
3
x
tan x has period tan has period 4 .
4
4
L.C.M. of 4, 6 and 4 =12, period of f ( x) = 12.
Example: 16 The period of | sin 2x | is
(A) (B) (C) (D) 2
4 2
(1 cos 4 x)
Solution: (B) Here | sin 2 x | sin 2 2 x
2
Period of cos 4x is . Hence, period of | sin 2 x | will be
2 2
2
Example: 17 The period of the function f ( x ) sin x is
(A) (B) (C) 2 (D) None of these
2
1 cos 2 x 2
Solution: (B) sin 2 x Period .
2 2
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
12 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
COMPOSITE FUNCTION
If f : A B and g : B C are two function then the composite function of f and g,
gof A C will be defined as gof ( x) g [ f ( x)], x A
Properties of composition of function :
(i) f is even, g is even fog even function.
(ii) f is odd, g is odd fog is odd function.
(iii) f is even, g is odd fog is even function.
(iv) f is odd, g is even fog is even function.
(v) Composite of functions is not commutative i.e., fog gof
(vi) Composite of functions is associative i.e., ( fog )oh fo( goh)
(vii) If f : A B is bijection and g : B A is inverse of f. Then fog I B and gof I A .
where, I A and I B are identity functions on the sets A and B respectively.
(viii) If f : A B and g : B C are two bijections, then gof : A C is bijection and
( gof )1 ( f 1og 1 ).
(ix) fog gof but if , fog gof then either f 1 g or g 1 f also,
( fog ) ( x) ( gof )( x) ( x).
INVERSE FUNCTION
If f : A B be a one-one onto (bijection) function, then the mapping f 1 : B A
which associates each element b B with element a A, such that f (a) b, is called
the inverse function of the function f : A B
f 1 : B A, f 1 (b) a f (a) b
In terms of ordered pairs inverse function is defined as f 1 (b, a ) if (a, b) f .
Example: 18 If f : R R is given by f ( x) 3 x 5, then f 1 ( x )
1 x5
(A) Is given by (B) Is given by
3x 5 3
(C) Not exist because f is not one-one (D) Not exist because f is not onto
Solution: (B) Clearly, f : R R is a one-one onto function. So, it is invertible.
y5 y 5
Let f ( x) y. then, 3 x 5 y x f 1 ( y ) .
3 3
x5
Hence, f 1 ( x) .
3
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 13
Example: 19 If the function f : R R be such that f ( x) x [ x ], where [ y] denotes the
greatest integer less than or equal to y, then f 1 ( x ) is
1
(A) (B) [ x ] x (C) Not defined (D) None of these
x [ x]
Solution: (C) f ( x) x [ x] Since, for x 0 f ( x) 0
For x 1 f ( x) 0 .
For every integer value of x, f ( x) 0
f ( x) is not one-one So f 1 ( x) is not defined.
Example: 20 If f :[1, ) [1, ) is defined as f ( x ) 2 x ( x 1) then f 1 ( x ) is equal to
x ( x 1 )
1 1
(A)
2
(B)
2
1 1 4 log 2 x
1
(C)
2
1 1 4 log 2 x (D) Not defined
Solution: (B) Given f ( x) 2 x ( x 1) x ( x 1) log 2 f ( x )
1 1 4log 2 f ( x)
x 2 x log 2 f ( x) 0 x
2
1 1 4 log 2 f ( x)
Only x lies in the domain
2
1
f 1 ( x) [1 1 4log 2 x]
2
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
14 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
APPLICATION PART # 01: TOPIC–WISE SHEETS
SHEET # 01: BASIC INEQUALITIES
Solution of the following inequalities are
1. x4 7
(A) 3,9 (B) 3,11 (C) 3,13 (D) 2,11
2. 3 x 2
(A) 1, 5 (B) 1, 4 (C) 2, 3 (D) 1, 5
3. x 9 5.
(A) , 4 14, (B) , 6 14,
(C) 2, 3 (D) ,3 14,
4. 4 x 6
(A) , 3 12, (B) ,3 14,
(C) 3,13 (D) , 2 10,
5. 3 x4 8
(A) 7, 12 4, 1 (B) 3, 4 5,8
(C) 7,1 5,8 (D) 7, 9 11,18
6. 1 5 x 7
(A) 2, 6 7, 10 (B) 2, 4 6,12
(C) 2, 4 14, (D) , 4 5, 7
7. x 42 16
(A) 8, (B) 0, 8 (C) , 0 (D) ,
8. x 72 25
(A) 2, 12 (B) , 2
(C) , 2 12, (D) ,
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 15
2
9. 16 x 2 25
(A) 3, 2 6,7 (B) 2, 6
(C) 6, (D) , 2
10. log 2 x 5 4
(A) , 21 (B) 21,
(C) , (D) 20,
11. log 3 4 x 2
(A) 4, (B) 5, 4 (C) , 5 (D) ,
12. 1 log 2 7 x 5
(A) 25,5 (B) 5, (C) , 25 (D) ,
13. log1/3 x 2 2
(A) 11, (B) , 2 (C) , (D) 2, 11
14. log1/2 4 x 2
15 15
(A) 4 , 4 (B) 4, (C) , (D) ,
4
15. 3 log 2 x 3 5
(A) 35, (B) 11,35 (C) ,11 (D) 12, 24
SHEET # 02: PROBLEMS ON DOMAIN
1
1. Domain of the function f(x) = is-
x2
(A) R (B) 2, (C) 2, (D) 0, .
2. The domain where function f(x) = 2x2 – 1 and g(x) = 1 – 3x are equal, is-
(A) {1/2} (B) {2} (C) {1/2, 2} (D) {1/2, –2}
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
16 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
3 x
3. The domain of the function log is-
2
(A) 3, (B) ,3 (C) (0, 3) (D) (–3, 3)
4. Domain of the function cos–1 (4x –1) is-
(A) (0,1/2) (B) [0,1/2] (C) [1/2,2] (D) None of these
5. Domain of the function log |x2 – 9| is-
(A) R (B) R– [–3, 3] (C) R – {–3, 3} (D) None of these
6. The domain of the function-
f x x 1 6 x is-
(A) (1, 6) (B) [1, 6] (C) 1, (D) , 6 .
7. The domain of the function
f x 2 2 x x is-
2
(A) 3x 3 (B) 1 3 x 1 3
(C) 2 x 2 (D) 2 3 x 2 3 .
8. Domain of a function f(x) = sin–1 5x is-
1 1 1 1 1
(A) , (B) 5 , 5 (C) R (D) 0, .
5 5 5
x3
9. Domain and range of f x are respectively-
x3
(A) R, [–1, 1] (B) R– {3}, {1, –1} (C) R+, R (D) None of these
1
10. The domain of the function f x sin is -
x
(A) R (B) R+ (C) R0 (D) R–
|x|
11. If the domain of the function f(x) = be [3, 7] then its range is-
x
(A) [–1, 1] (B) {–1, 1} (C) {1} (D) {–1}
1
12. The domain of the function f x is- [ ] is GIF
x x
(A) R (B) R–Z (C) Z (D) None of these
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 17
1 1
13. If f x and g x , then common domain of function is -
x 1 x 1
(A) x x 1, x R (B) x x 0, x 1, x R
(C) {1} (D) {–1}
1/12
x
14. If f x , x R then domain of the function f(x) is –
1 x
(A) 1, 0 (B) , 1 0, 1
(C) 1, 1 (D) None of these
1 x 3 1
15. The function f x cos log e 4 x is defined for–
2
(A) 1, 0 1, 5 (B) 5, 1 1, 4
(C) 5, 1 1, 4 3 (D) 1, 4 3
SHEET # 03: PROBLEMS ON DOMAIN
1. f x x 5
(A) x 5, (B) x 7, (C) x , 5 (D) x , 5
2. f x x2 4 x 3
(A) x 1, 3 (B) x ,1 3,
(C) x 1, (D) x , 1 3,
3. f x log 3 x
(A) x 3, (B) x , 5
(C) x , 3 (D) x , 3
x
4. f x sin 1 log
2
(A) x 2, 1 (B) x 1,
(C) x , 2 (D) x 1, 2
5. f x log5 log1/3 log 2 x
(A) x 1, 2 (B) x ,1 2,
(C) x 3, 5 (D) x 4,
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
18 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
1
6. f x
log1/2 x 2 7 x 13
(A) x ,3 4, (B) x 3, 4
(C) x 5, (D) x , 4
7. f x sin 1 2 5x
1 3 1
(A) x , , (B) x ,
5 5 5
1 3 3
(C) x , (D) x ,
5 5 5
8. f x tan x
(A) x n , n (B) x n , n
4 2
(C) x 2n (D) x n
9. f x sin 1 x 5 GIF
(A) x 4, 7 (B) x , 4
(C) x 7, (D) x 4,
10. f x sin 1 log3 x 2
7
(A) x , 5, (B) x 5,
3
7
(C) x ,5 (D) x , 5
3
2x 5
11. f x log
3
(A) x , 4 (B) x 2, 4
(C) x 4, (D) x 4,
12. f x x 5 x 3 4 x
(A) x 5, 3 (B) x , 5 3, 4
(C) x 4, (D) x , 3
5 x
13. f x
3 x
(A) x , 5 3,3 5, (B) x 3, 5
(C) x 5, 3 (D) x 3,
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 19
1
14. f x x2
log10 1 x
(A) x 2, 1 (B) x , 2
(C) x 2, 0 0, 1 (D) x 1,
15. f x 5 x C2 x7
(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 4 (D)
SHEET # 04: PROBLEMS ON RANGE
Find range of following functions:
1. f x 4 3sin x
(A) [1, 7] (B) [4, ) (C) [-3, ) (D) R
1
2. f x
4 2cos x
1 1 1 1 1
(A) 4 , 2 (B) 6 , 2 (C) 2 , (D) R
3. f x 5cos 1 x
5 5
(A) 0, 2 (B) 2 , 2 (C) 0,5 (D) R
4. f x x 7 x 10
(A) (- , 7] (B) [10, ) (C) [8.5, ) (D) [6, )
5. f x x 3 x 4 x 7
(A) [3, ) (B) [7, ) (C) [5, ) (D) [4, )
6. f x 3 x
(A) [0, 3] (B) [3, ) (C) [0, ) (D) (-, 3]
7. f x x2 6x 7
(A) [3, ) (B) [-2, ) (C) [2, ) (D) [0, )
3x 4
8. f x
2x 5
3 3 4
(A) R (B) (C) R (D) R
2 2 5
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
20 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
9. f x cos1 x
3
(A) 0, 2 (B) 2 , 2 (C) 1,1 (D) R
10. f x tan 1 x
(A) , (B) 0, 2 (C) 0, (D) R
2 2
11. f x sin 1 x , x is FPF
(A) 1,1 (B) (0, ] (C) 0, 2 (D) R
12. f x cos1 x , [ ] is GIF
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D) 0, ,
2 2
13. f x cos2 x 3cos x 2
(A) [6, ) (B) ( ,0] (C) R (D) [0, 6]
14. f x e2 x 3e x 2
(A) (- , 2) (B) (1, ) (C) (2, ) (D) R
15. f x log cos1 x
(A) [log , ) (B) (-, log ] (C) R (D) (0, )
SHEET # 05: PROBLEMS ON RANGE
x2 x 2
1. Range of the function f x 2 ; x R is
x x 1
(A) 1, (B) 1, 11 / 7 (C) 1, 7 / 3 (D) 1, 7 / 5 .
2. Range of f x x x is
(A) [0, 1] (B) (–1, 0] (C) R (D) (–1, 1)
3. The range of f x cos x / 3 is
(A) 1/ 3,1/ 3 (B) 1, 1 (C) 1/ 3, 1/ 3 (D) (–3, 3).
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 21
x2
4. The range of the function f x is
x2
(A) {0, 1} (B) {–1, 1} (C) R (D) R 2
x2
5. If f : R R , then the range of the function f x is
x2 1
(A) R– (B) R+ (C) R (D) 0,1 .
6. The range of f x cos 2 x sin 2 x contains the set
(A) [2, 4] (B) [–1, 1] (C) [–2, 2] (D) [–4, 4]
1
7. Range of the function is
2 sin 3x
1 1
(A) [1, 3] (B) 3 ,1 (C) (1, 3) (D) , 1 .
3
x 2 34 x 71
8. Range of f x 2 is
x 2x 7
(A) [5, 9] (B) , 5 9, (C) (5, 9) (D) None of these
9. The function f : R R is defined by f x cos 2 x sin 4 x for x R , then f R =
3 3 3 3
(A) ,1 (B) 4 , 1 (C) 4 ,1 (D) , 1 .
4 4
x 2 14 x 9
10. If x is real, then value of the expression lies between
x2 2 x 3
(A) 5 and 4 (B) 5 and –4 (C) – 5 and 4 (D) None of these
11. For , the value of f sec 2 cos 2 always lies in the interval
3
(A) (0, 2) (B) [0, 1] (C) (1, 2) (D) 2, .
12.
Let f x 1 b 2 x 2 2bx 1 and m(b) the minimum value of f (x) for a given b. As b varies,
the range of m(b) is
1 1
(A) [0, 1] (B) 0, (C) 2 ,1 (D) 0,1 .
2
13. The range of the function f x 7 x Px 3 is
(A) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} (B) (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) (C) {1, 2, 3, 4} (D) {1, 2, 3}
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
22 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
2 2
14. Let 2sin x 3sin x 2 0 and x x 2 0 (x is measured in radians). Then x lies in the
interval
5 5
(A) , (B) 1, (C) (–1, 2) (D) , 2 .
6 6 6 6
x x
15. The range of the function f x e e is
(A) x1 (B) x≤1 (C) x2 (D) x≤2
SHEET # 6: EQUAL OR IDENTICAL FUNCTIONS, EVEN ODD FUNCTIONS
1. In which of the following pairs, the functions are identical
2 1 x
(A) f x x2 ; g x x (B) f x
x 2
; g x
x2
(C) f x log x 1 log x 2 ; g x log x 1 x 2
(D) f x sin 2 x cos 2 x; g x 1 .
2. The equivalent function of log x 2 is
2
(A) 2log x (B) 2 log x (C) log x 2 (D) log x .
3. Which pair of functions is identical?
(A) sin 1 sin x , sin sin 1 x (B) ln e x , eln x .
(C) ln x 2 , 2 ln x (D) None of these
4. The function f x max.1 x,1 x, 2; x R is equivalent to –
1 x, x 1 1 x, x 1
(A) f x 2, 1 x 1 (B) f x 2, 1 x 1 .
1 x, x 1 1 x, x 1
1 x, x 1
(C) f x 1, 1 x 1 (D) None of these
1 x, x 1
5. Which of the following functions are equal?
(A) f x x, g x x 2 (B) f x log x 2 , g x 2 log x .
(C) f x 1, g x sin 2 x cos 2 x (D) f x x / x, g x 1 .
sin 4 x cos 4 x
6. The function f x is -
x tan x
(A) odd (B) Even
(C) neither even nor odd (D) odd and periodic
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 23
7.
f x cos log x 1 x 2 is
(A) even function (B) odd function
(C) neither even nor odd (D) constant
8. A function whose graph is symmetrical about the y-axis is given by-
(A)
f x log e x x 2 1
(B) f x y f x f y for all x, y R .
(C) f x cos x sin x (D) None of these
9. Which of the following is an even function?
ax 1 a x a x ax 1
(A) x x (B) tan x (C) (D) .
a 1 2 ax 1
10. In the following, odd function is -
(A) cos x 2 (B) e x
1 / e x 1
(C) x2 x (D) None of these
11. The function f x x 2 x is-
(A) an odd function (B) a rational function
(C) an even function (D) None of these
t t
12. If f t t
1 , then f (t) is
e 1 2
(A) an even function (B) an odd function
(C) constant function (D) None of these
x3 x2 x
13. The graph of the function f x 2
will lie on
1 x
(A) I st and II nd quadrant nd rd
(B) II and III quadrant
(C) III rd and IV th quadrant (D) None of these
14. Which of the following functions is not odd :
1 x
(A) log (x + 1 x2 ) (B) log
1 x
ax 1
(C) x (D) None of these.
a x 1
15. Which of the following functions is not even :
1 x2 1 x3 (1 2 x ) 2
(A) log
2
(B) sin2 x + cos2x (C) log
3
(D)
1 x 1 x 2x
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
24 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
SHEET # 07: CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONS (one – one, many–one, onto, into)
1. If f : I I , f x x 3 1 , then f is –
(A) one-one but not onto (B) onto but not one-one
(C) One-one onto (D) None of these
2. Function f : R R , f x x x is -
(A) one-one but not onto (B) onto but not one-one
(C) one-one onto (D) neither one-one nor onto
x2
3. f : R R, f x , is -
1 x2
(A) many-one function (B) odd function
(C) one-one function (D) None of these
1
4. If f : R0 R0 , f x , then f is -
x
(A) one-one but not onto (B) onto but not one-one
(C) neither one-one nor onto (D) both one-one and onto
5. Function f : R R , f x x x is
(A) one-one (B) onto (C) one-one onto (D) None of these
3
6. Function f : , R , f x tan x is
2 2
(A) one-one (B) onto (C) one-one onto (D) None of these
3
7. Function f : , 1, 1 , f x sin x is -
2 2
(A) one-one (B) onto (C) one-one onto (D) None of these
x
8. f : N N where f x x 1 then f is -
(A) one-one and into (B) many-one and into
(C) one-one and onto (D) many-one and onto
9. If f : R R , f x e x e x , then f is -
(A) one-one but not onto (B) onto but not one-one
(C) neither one-one nor onto (D) both one-one and onto
10. If f : R 1,1 , f x sin x , then f is-
(A) one-one onto (B) one-one into (C) many-one onto (D) many-one into
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 25
11. If f : R R, f x sin 2 x cos 2 x , then f is -
(A) one-one but not onto (B) onto but not one-one
(C) neither one-one nor onto (D) both one-one onto
12. Which of the following functions from Z to itself are bijections?
(A) f x x3 (B) f x x 2 (C) f x 2x 1 (D) f x x2 x
13. Which of the following functions from A = {x: –1 x 1} to itself are bijections?
x x
(A) f x (B) g x sin
2 2
(C) h x x (D) k x x2 .
14. Which of the following function is onto?
(A) f : R R; f x 3x (B) f : R R ; f x e x .
(C) f : 0, / 2 1, 1 ; f x sin x (D) f : R R; f x cosh x .
15. Which of the following function defined from R to R is onto?
(A) f x x (B) f x e x (C) f x x3 (D) f x sin x .
SHEET # 08: PROBLEMS ON CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONS (one – one, many–
one, onto, into)
1. If f : I I, f x x 2 x , then f is -
(A) one-one onto (B) one-one into (C) many-one onto (D) many-one into
2. If S be the set of all triangles and f : S R+, f () = Area of , then f is -
(A) One-one onto (B) one-one into (C) many-one onto (D) many-one into
3. If f : C R , f z z , then f is -
(A) one-one but not onto (B) onto but not one-one
(C) neither one-one nor onto (D) both one-one and onto
4. f : N N defined by f x x 2 x 1, x N then f is
(A) one-one onto (B) many-one onto
(C) one-one but not onto (D) none of these
2
5. Let f : R R be a function defined by f x x x , then f is –
(A) injective (B) surjective (C) bijective (D) None of these
6. The function f : R R defined by f x x 1 x 2 x 3 is –
(A) one-one but not onto (B) onto but not one-one
(C) both one and onto (D) neither one-one nor onto
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
26 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
7. The function f : R R defined by f ( x) log x is –
(A) into (B) onto (C) many-one (D) None
8. If f : I 0 N , f x x then f is:
(A) One – one (B) Onto
(C) One – one onto (D) None of these
9. The function f : R R defined by f x sin x is –
(A) into (B) onto (C) one-one (D) None
10. A function f from the set of natural numbers to integers defined by
n 1
2 , when n is odd
f n is
n , when n is even
2
(A) neither one-one nor onto (B) one-one but not onto
(C) onto but not one-one (D) one-one and onto both
11. For real x, let f x x 3 5 x 1 , then -
(A) f is one - one but not onto R (B) f is onto R but not one - one
(C) f is one - one and onto on R (D) f is neither one - one nor onto R
12. Which of the following functions defined from R to R are one-one –
(A) f x x (B) f x cos x (C) f x ex (D) f x x2 .
13. The function f : R R , f x x 2 is –
(A) one-one but not onto (B) onto but not one-one
(C) one-one onto (D) None of these
14. Function f : Z Z, f(x) = x2 + x is
(A) one-one onto (B) one-one into (C) Many one onto (D) Many one into
15. Function f : R R, f(x) = x3 is
(A) one-one onto (B) one-one into (C) Many one onto (D) Many one into
SHEET # 09: FUNCTIONAL EQUATIONS
1. If f : R R satisfies f x y f x f y , for all x, y R and f 1 7 , then
n
f r is–
r 1
7n n 1 7n 7 n 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 7 n n 1
2 2 2
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 27
2. The value of b and c for which the identity f x 1 f x 8 x 3 is satisfied, where
f x bx 2 cx d , are
(A) b 2, c 1 (B) b 4, c 1 (C) b 1, c 4 (D) None.
1 2 1
3. Let f x x 2 x 0 , then f (x)=
x x
(A) x2 (B) x2 1 (C) x2 2 (D) None of these.
4. If f x ay , x ay axy , then f x , y equals-
x2 y 2 x2 y 2
(A) (B) (C) x2 (D) y2 .
4 4
f xy f x / y
5. If f x cos log x , then equals-
f x f y
(A) 1 (B) –1 (C) 0 (D) 2
6. If f x x x 1 , then for 0 x 1, f x equals-
(A) 1 (B) –1 (C) 2x + 1 (D) 2x – 1
7. f 2 x 3 y, 2 x 7 y 20 x then f x , y equals to –
(A) 7x – 3y (B) 7x + 3y (C) 3x – 7y (D) x – 10y
8. If f x log a x , then f (ax) equals-
(A) f a f x (B) 1 f x (C) f (x) (D) a f (x)
9. If f x ax c / cx a y , then f (y) equals-
(A) x (B) 1/x (C) 1 (D) 0
x 59
10. The function f satisfies the functional equation 3 f x 2 f 10 x 30 for all real
x 1
x 1 . The value of f 7 is
(A) 8 (B) 4 (C) –8 (D) 11
x
11. If f x , x 1 , for what value of is f f x x .
x 1
(A) 2 (B) 2 (C) –1 (D) 2
12. A real valued function f x satisfies the function equation
f x y f x f y f a x f a y where a is a given constant and
f 0 1, f 2a x is equal to
(A) f a f a x (B) f x
(C) f x (D) f x .
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
28 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
13. The value of b and c for which the identity f x 1 f x 8 x 3 is satisfied, where
f x bx 2 cx d , are –
(A) b = 2, c = 1 (B) b = 4, c = –1 (C) b = –1, c = 4 (D) None
14. If f 1 1 and f n 1 2 f n 1 if n 1 , then f (n) is-
(A) 2 n1 (B) 2n (C) 2n 1 (D) 2n1 1 .
2 x 2 x
15. If f x , then f x y . f x y is equal to -
2
1 1
(A) f x y f x y (B) f 2 x f 2 y
2 2
1
(C) f x y . f x y (D) None of these
2
SHEET # 10: COMPOSITION OF FUNCTIONS, PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE
FUNCTIONS
1. If f x 2 x and g is identity function, then-
(A) fog x g x (B) g g x g x .
(C) fog x g g x (D) None of these
2. gof exists, when-
(A) domain of f = domain of g (B) co-domain of f = domain of g
(C) co-domain of g = domain of g (D) co-domain of g = co-domain of f
3. If f : R R , f x x 2 2 x 3 and g : R R , g x 3 x 4 , then the value of fog (x) is-
(A) 3x2 6 x 13 (B) 9 x2 18x 5
2
(C) 3x 4 2x 3 (D) None of these
4. If f : R R , f x x 2 5 x 4 and g : R R , g x log x , then the value of (gof) (2) is -
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D) Undefined
2 1
5. If f : R R , f x x 2
and g : R R , g x e x then (gof) (x) equals-
x
2 2 2 1 2 2
(A) ex ex (B) ex x 2
(C) e2 x e2 x (D) ex ex .
e
6. If f : R R, g : R R and f x 3 x 4 and gof x 2 x 1 , then the value of g(x) is-
1
(A) 2x – 1 (B) 2x – 11 (C) 2 x 11 (D) None of these
3
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 29
2
7. If f : R R, g : R R and g x x 3 and fog x x 3 , then the value of f 3
is –
(A) –9 (B) 0 (C) 9 (D) None of these
8. If f x ax b and g x cx d , then f g x g f x is equivalent to-
(A) f a g c (B) f b g b (C) f d g b (D) f c g a .
1 x
9. If f : 0,1 0,1 , f x . g : 0,1 0,1 , g x 4 x 1 x , then (fog) (x) equals-
1 x
1 4 x 4 x2 8 x 1 x 1 4 x 4x 2
(A) (B) 2
(C) (D) None of these
1 4 x 4 x2 1 x 1 4 x 4 x2
10. If f, g, h are three functions in any set, then wrong statement is -
1
(A) fog g 1of 1 (B) gof fog
1
(C) fog oh fo goh (D) gof g 1of 1 .
1 x
11. If f x , then f f sin equals -
1 x
(A) sin (B) tan / 2 (C) cot / 2 (D) cos ec .
n 1/ n
12.
If f x a x , n N , then f f x =
(A) 0 (B) x (C) xn (D) (an – x)n
1 x 3x x3
13. If f x log and g x 2
, then f g x is equal to-
1 x 1 3x
(A) –f(x) (B) 3f(x) (C) [f(x)]3 (D) None of these
1, when x Q
14. If function f x
0, when x Q
, fof 4 the value will be–
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) None of these
y y
15. If f y , g y , then fog y equals -
2
1 y 1 y2
y y 1 y2
(A) (B) (C) y (D) .
1 y2 1 y2 1 y2
SHEET # 11: INVERSE OF A FUNCTIONS
1. If f : R R , f x x 2 3 ,then pre-image of 2 under f is –
(A) {1,–1} (B) {1} (C) {–1} (D) .
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
30 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
2. Which of the following functions has its inverse-
(A) f : R R , f x a x (B) f : R R, f x x x 1
(C) f : R0 R , f x x (D) f : , 2 1, 1 , f x cos x .
3. If function f : R R , f x 2 x , then f 1 x will be equal to-
(A) log x 2 (B) log 2 1 / x (C) log 2 x (D) None of these
e x e x
4. The inverse of the function f x 2 is given by–
e x e x
1/2 1/2 1/2 1/ 2
x2 x 1 x x 1
(A) log (B) log (C) log (D) log .
x 1 x 1 2x 3 x
1
5. If f : 1, 2, is given by f x x then f 1 x equals –
x
x x2 4 x x x2 4
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1 x2 4 .
2 1 x2 2
6.
If f x log e x 1 x 2 , then f 1 x equals-
e x e x e x e x e x e x
(A)
log x 1 x 2 (B) 2
(C)
2
(D)
e x e x
.
7. If f x x 3 1 and domain of f = {0, 1, 2, 3}, then domain of f–1 is–
(A) {0, 1, 2, 3} (B) {1, 0, –7, –26} (C) {–1, 0, 7, 26} (D) {0, –1, –2, –3}
8. If f(x) = {4 – (x – 7)3}1/5, then its inverse is-
(A) 7 – (4 – x5)1/3 (B) 7 – (4 + x5)1/3 (C) 7 + (4 – x5)1/3 (D) None of these
1
9. If f : R R, f x e x & g : R R , g x 3 x 2 , then the value of fog x is equal
to -
2 log x x3
(A) log (x – 2) (B) (C) log (D) None of these
3 2
10 x 10 x
10. The inverse of the function is
10 x 10 x
1 1 x 1 1 x 1 2x
(A) log10 (B) log10 (C) log10 (D) None of these
2 1 x 2 1 x 4 2 x
11. Inverse of the function y 2 x 3 is
x3 x 3 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these
2 2 2x 3
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 31
2x 1
12. Let the function f be defined by f x , then f 1 x is
1 3x
x 1 3x 2 x 1 2x 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) .
3x 2 x 1 3x 2 1 3x
13. If f x x 2 1 , then f 1 17 and f 1 2 will be
(A) 4, 1 (B) 4, 0 (C) 3, 2 (D) None of these
14. Let f x sin x cos x , g x x 2 1 . Thus g f x is invertible for x .
(A) 2 , 0 (B) 2 , (C) 2 , 4 (D) 0, 2 .
2x 1
15. If f x x 5 , then f 1 x is equal to
x 5
x5 1 5x 1 5x 1 x 5 1
(A) ,x (B) ,x 2 (C) ,x 2 (D) , x .
2x 1 2 2 x 2 x 2x 1 2
SHEET # 12: PERIODIC FUNCTIONS
1. The period of sin4 x + cos4 x is –
(A) (B) /2 (C) 2 (D) None of these
2. The period of function |cos 2x| is -
(A) (B) /2 (C) 4 (D) 2 .
x x
3. The period of function sin cos is-
2 2
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 12 (D) 24
4. The period of the function f(x) = log cos 2x + tan 4x is-
(A) /2 (B) (C) 2 (D) 2 / 5 .
1
5. The period of the function f x 2 cos x is–
3
(A) 6 (B) 4 (C) 2 (D) .
6. In the following which function is not periodic-
(A) tan 4 x (B) cos 2 x (C) cos x 2 (D) cos 2 x .
7. The period of |sin 2x| is-
(A) /4 (B) /2 (C) (D) 2 .
sin x cos x
8. The period of f x is–
sin x cos x
(A) /2 (B) (C) 2 (D) None of these
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
32 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
x
9. Period of function 2 sin x 3x /2 cos 2 x is (where { } represent fractional part of x)
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) None of these
3 x x
10. Period of the function f x sin x e (where [ ] represent G.I.F.) is -
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 1/3 (D) None of these
11. Period of f x sin 3 x tan x where [ ] and {} represent of G.I.F and fractional part of x
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) .
cos sin nx
12. If period of n N is 6 then n is equal to -
tan x / n
(A) 4 (B) 2 (C) 6 (D) 1
13. The period of f(x) = cos (sin x) + cos (cos x) is -
(A) /3 (B) /6 (C) (D) / 2.
sin nx
14. The value of n I for which the function f x has 4 as its period is-
x
sin
n
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5
15. If f(x) is an odd periodic function with period 2, then f (4) equals to-
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) –4
SHEET # 13: MISCELLANEOUS
1. If X = {a, b, c, d, e} & Y = {p, q, r, s, t} then which of the following subset(s) of X × Y is/are a
function from X to Y.
(A) {(a, r) (b, r)(b, s)(d, t)(e, q)(c, q)} (B) {(a, r) (b, p)(c, t)(d, q)}
(C) {(a, p) (b, t)(c, r)(d, s)(e, q)} (D) None of these
2. Which of the following relation is a function?
(A) {(1,4), (2,6), (1,5), (3,9)} (B) {(3,3), (2,1), (1,2), (2,3)}
(C) {(1,2), (2,2,), (3,2), (4,2)} (D) {(3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4)}
3. If x, y R , then which of the following rules is not a function-
(A) y 9 x2 (B) y 2x2 (C) y x x (D) y x2 1.
x 1 1 x
4. If f x have domain S. then set S is:
x 1 1 x
(A) Infinite set (B) set
(C) Singleton set (D) Double ton set.
5. For x, the solution of x – 3 = {x} is :
(A) [2, 4] (B) [3, 5] (C) (3, 4) (D) [3, 4)
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 33
6. The number of solution of |x2-4|=2 is :
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 4 (D) 3
2 1
7. The range of the function f x x 2
is
x 1
3
(A) [1, ) (B) [2, ) (C) 2 , (D) None of these.
8. The graph of the function y f x is symmetrical about the line x = 2, then
(A) f x f x (B) f 2 x f 2 x
(C) f x f x (D) None
9. If A = {a, b} & B = {0, 1, 2} then number of functions defined from A to B is
(A) 9 (B) 8 (C) 6 (D) None of these
10. Which of the following graphs are the graphs of functions.
(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these
1
11. If f (x) = , g(x) = f (f (x)) and h(x) = f (f (f (x))), then f (x) g(x) h(x) is equal to:
1 x
1 1
(A) 3
(B) (C) 1 (D) –1
(1 x) 1 x
12. If X = {1, 2, 3, 4} & Y = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, then which of the following subset of X × Y is a function
from X to Y.
(A) {(1, 1) (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5)} (B) {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4)}
(C) {(1, 1), (2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1)} (D) {(1, 1), (2, 3), (3, 3), (3,4)}
13. Which of the following is a function
(A) {(a, b) : b is the ancestor of a} (B) {(p, q) : q is the brother of p}
(C) {(x, y) : y is the mother of x} (D) None of these
x x
14. For f x 77 777 , D f is
(A) , 1 (B) , 0 (C) (0, 1) (D) (77, 777)
15. If f (x) is a polynomial function of the second degree such that f (–3) = 6, f (0) = 6 and f 2 11
then the graph of the function f (x) cuts the ordinate x = 1 at the point
(A) (1, 8) (B) (1, 4) (C) (1, –2) (D) None of these
SHEET # 14: MISCELLANEOUS
1 x 2x
1. If f x log , then f is equal to
1 x
2
1 x
2 3
(A) f x (B) f x (C) 2 f x (D) 3 f x .
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
34 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
x
2. The range of f x cos is -
2
(A) {0,1} (B) {–1,1} (C) {–1,0,1} (D) [–1,1]
3. If f : R R , f x x 2 2 and g : R R , g x x 1 then f g x equals –
(A) x2 3 (B) x+3
(C) x2 2 x 1 (D) x2 2 x 1 .
4. The period of the function f(x) = | sin x + cos x | | sin x – cos x | is:
(A) / 6 (B) / 4 (C) / 2 (D)
5. If f : R R, f(x) = (x – 1) (x – 2), then f is:
(A) one-one but not onto (B) onto but not one-one
(C) one-one onto (D) neither one-one nor onto.
6. If f is a real function satisfying the relation f x y f x f y for all x, y R and f 1 2 ,
n
then a N for which f a k 16 2
k 1
n
1 , is given by -
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) None of these
1, when x Q
7. If f : R R, f x , then which of the following statement is wrong ?
1, when x Q
(A) f 2 1 (B) f 1 (C) f e 1 (D) f 4 1.
x x 1
8. If f x , then the value of f x 2 is-
2
x2
f x 1 (C)
x 1 f x 2 f
(A) f x f x 1 (B) x 1 (D) x 1
x 2 2
cos2 x sin 4 x
9. If f x for x R , then f 2002 =
sin 2 x cos 4 x
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
10. If f : R R satisfies f x y f x f y , for all x, y R and f 1 7 , then
n
f r is
r 1
7n 7 n 1 7 n n 1
(A) (B) (C) 7 n n 1 (D) .
2 2 2
11. For a real number x, x denotes the integral part of x. The value of
1 1 1 1 2 1 99
2 2 100 2 100 2 100 is
(A) 49 (B) 50 (C) 48 (D) 51
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 35
2 2
12.
Let ‘f be a function defined from R R . If f xy x f y for all positive numbers x
and y and f 2 6 then f 50 is equal to
(A) 10 (B) 30 (C) 40 (D) 50.
13. A function is defined for all positive integers and satisfies.
f 1 2005 and f 1 f 2 .... f n n 2 f n for all n > 1. The value of f
(2004)is
1 1 2004
(A) (B) (C) (D) 2004.
1002 2004 2005
14. If the graphs of y = cos x and y = tan x intersect at some value say in the first quadrant. Then
the value of sin is
1 2 1 3 1 5 1 5
(A) (B) (C) (D) .
2 2 2 2
15. Which one of the following graphs represents the function y = 1 + | x | for all x R?
(A) (B)
(C) (D) .
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
36 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
APPLICATION PART # 02: PROBLEMS TARGETED TO JEE MAIN
SHEET # 01 RELATIONS
1. A relation from P to Q is
(A) A universal set of P × Q (B) P × Q
(C) An equivalent set of P × Q (D) A subset of P × Q
2. Let R be a relation from a set A to set B, then
(A) R = A B (B) R = A B (C) R A × B (D) R B × A
3. Let A = {a, b, c} and B = {1, 2}. Consider a relation R defined from set A to set B. Then
R is equal to set
(A) A (B) B (C) A × B (D) B × A
4. Let n(A) = n. Then the number of all relations on A is
2
(A) 2n (B) 2 ( n )! (C) 2n (D) None of these
5. If R is a relation from a finite set A having m elements to a finite set B having n elements,
then the number of relations from A to B is
(A) 2mn (B) 2mn 1 (C) 2mn (D) mn
6. Let R be a reflexive relation on a finite set A having n-elements, and let there be m
ordered pairs in R. Then
(A) m n (B) m n (C) m n (D) None of these
7. The relation R defined on the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} by R = {(x, y) : | x 2 y 2 | 16} is
given by
(A) {(1, 1), (2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1), (2, 3)} (B) {(2, 2), (3, 2), (4, 2), (2, 4)}
(C) {(3, 3), (3, 4), (5, 4), (4, 3), (3, 1)} (D) None of these
8. A relation R is defined from {2, 3, 4, 5} to {3, 6, 7, 10} by; xRy x is relatively prime
to y. Then domain of R is
(A) {2, 3, 5} (B) {3, 5} (C) {2, 3, 4} (D) {2, 3, 4, 5}
9. Let R be a relation on N defined by x 2 y 8 . The domain of R is
(A) {2, 4, 8} (B) {2, 4, 6, 8} (C) {2, 4, 6} (D) {1, 2, 3, 4}
10. If R {( x, y ) | x, y Z , x 2 y 2 4} is a relation in Z, then domain of R is
(A) {0, 1, 2} (B) {0, – 1, – 2} (C) {– 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2} (D) None of these
11. If A = {1, 2, 3} , B = {1, 4, 6, 9} and R is a relation from A to B defined by ‘x is greater
than y’. The range of R is
(A) {1, 4, 6, 9} (B) {4, 6, 9} (C) {1} (D) None of these
12. R is a relation from {11, 12, 13} to {8, 10, 12} defined by y x 3 . Then R1 is
(A) {(8, 11), (10, 13)} (B) {(11, 18), (13, 10)}
(C) {(10, 13), (8, 11)} (D) None of these
13. Let A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {1, 3, 5}. If relation R from A to B is given by
R ={(1, 3), (2, 5), (3, 3)}. Then R1 is
(A) {(3, 3), (3, 1), (5, 2)} (B) {(1, 3), (2, 5), (3, 3)}
(C) {(1, 3), (5, 2)} (D) None of these
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 37
14. Let R be a reflexive relation on a set A and I be the identity relation on A. Then
(A) R I (B) I R (C) R I (D) None of these
15. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and R be a relation in A given by
R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (1, 2), (2, 1), (3, 1), (1, 3)}. Then R is
(A) Reflexive only (B) Symmetric only
(C) Transitive only (D) Reflexive & Symmetric
16. An integer m is said to be related to another integer n if m is a multiple of n. Then the
relation is
(A) Reflexive and symmetric (B) Reflexive and transitive
(C) Symmetric and transitive (D) Equivalence relation
17. The relation R defined in N as aRb b is divisible by a is
(A) Reflexive but not symmetric (B) Symmetric but not transitive
(C) Symmetric and transitive (D) None of these
18. Let R be a relation on a set A such that R R 1 , then R is
(A) Reflexive (B) Symmetric (C) Transitive (D) None of these
19. Let R = {(a, a)} be a relation on a set A. Then R is
(A) Symmetric (B) Antisymmetric
(C) Symmetric and antisymmetric (D) Neither symmetric nor anti-symmetric
20. The relation "is subset of" on the power set P(A) of a set A is
(A) Symmetric (B) Anti-symmetric
(C) Equivalency relation (D) None of these
21. The relation R defined on a set A is antisymmetric if (a, b) R (b, a) R for
(A) Every (a, b) R (B) No (a, b) R
(C) No (a, b), a b, R (D) None of these
22. In the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, a relation R is defined by R = {(x, y)| x, y A and x < y}.
Then R is
(A) Reflexive (B) Symmetric (C) Transitive (D) None of these
23. Let A be the non-void set of the children in a family. The relation x is a brother of y on
A is
(A) Reflexive only (B) Symmetric only
(C) Transitive only (D) Symmetric & Transitive
24. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and let R= {(2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (1, 2)} be a relation on A. Then R is
(A) Reflexive (B) Symmetric (C) Transitive (D) None of these
25. The void relation on a set A is
(A) Reflexive (B) Symmetric and transitive
(C) Reflexive and symmetric (D) Reflexive and transitive
26. Let R1 be a relation defined by R1 {(a, b) | a b, a, b R} . Then R1 is
(A) An equivalence relation on R
(B) Reflexive, transitive but not symmetric
(C) Symmetric, Transitive but not reflexive
(D) Neither transitive not reflexive but symmetric
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
38 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
27. Let A = {p, q, r}. Which of the following is an equivalence relation on A
(A) R1 = {(p, q), (q, r), (p, r), (p, p)} (B) R2 = {(r, q), (r, p), (r, r), (q, q)}
(C) R3 = {(p, p), (q, q), (r, r), (p, q)} (D) None of these
28. Which one of the following relations on R is an equivalence relation
(A) a R1 b | a || b | (B) aR2b a b
(C) aR3b a divides b (D) aR4b a b
29. If R is an equivalence relation on a set A, then R1 is
(A) Reflexive only (B) Symmetric but not transitive
(C) Equivalence (D) None of these
30. R is a relation over the set of real numbers and it is given by nm 0 . Then R is
(A) Symmetric and transitive (B) Reflexive and symmetric
(C) A partial order relation (D) An equivalence relation
SHEET # 02 FUNCTIONS
x for 0 x 1
1.
Let f1(x) = 1 for x 1 and f2 (x) = f1 (– x) for all x
0 otherwise
f3 (x) = – f2(x) for all x
f4 (x) = f3(– x) for all x
Which of the following is necessarily true?
(A) f4 (x) = f1 (x) for all x (B) f1 (x) = – f3 (–x) for all x
(C) f2 (–x) = f4 (x) for all x (D) f1 (x) + f3 (x) = 0 for all x
2. Domain of definition of the function f (x) = log
10.3 x 2 9 x 1 1 + cos 1 (1 x) is
(A) [0, 1] (B) [1, 2] (C) (0, 2) (D) (0, 1)
x2 a
3. The set of all real values of a so that the range of the function y = is R, is
x 1
(A) [1, ) (B) (– , – 1) (C) (1, ) (D) (– , – 1]
| sin x | | cos x |
4. The period of the function f (x) = is
| sin x cos x |
(A) /2 (B) /4 (C) (D) 2
5. In the square ABCD with side AB = 2 , two points M and N are on the adjacent sides of the
square such that MN is parallel to the diagonal BD . If x is the distance of MN from the vertex A
and f (x) = Area ( AMN) , then range of f (x) is :
(A) 0 , 2
(B) (0 , 2 ]
(C) 0 , 2 2
(D) 0 , 2 3
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 39
x lnx
6. f (x) = and g (x) = . Then identify the CORRECT statement
lnx x
1 1
(A) and f (x) are identical functions (B) and g(x) are identical functions
g ( x) f ( x)
1
(C) f (x) . g (x) = 1 x 0 (D) 1 x0
f ( x ). g ( x )
7. Let f (x) = sin2x + cos4x + 2 and g (x) = cos (cos x) + cos (sin x). Also let period of f (x) and
g (x) be T1 and T2 respectively then
(A) T1 = 2T2 (B) 2T1 = T2 (C) T1 = T2 (D) T1 = 4T2
8. The domain and range of the function f(x) = cosec–1 log 3 4sec x 2 are respectively
1 2sec x
(A) R ; , (B) R+ ; 0,
2 2 2
(C) 2n , 2n {2n }; 0, (D) 2n , 2n {2n }; , {0}
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
9. A function f (x) = 1 2x + x is defined from D1 D2 and is onto. If the set D1 is its complete
domain then the set D2 is
1
(A) , (B) (– , 2) (C) (– , 1) (D) (– , 1]
2
10. Which of the following function is surjective but not injective
(A) f : R R f (x) = x4 + 2x3 – x2 + 1 (B) f : R R f (x) = x3 + x + 1
(C) f : R R+ f (x) = 1 x 2 (D) f : R R f (x) = x3 + 2x2 – x + 1
2
11. Let f (x) = ; g (x) = cosx and h(x) = x 3 then the range of the composite function
x 1
fogoh, is
(A) R+ (B) R – {0} (C) [1, ) (D) R+ – {1}
min( x , y )
12. If f (x, y) = max( x, y ) and g (x, y) = max(x, y) – min(x, y), then
3
f g 1, , g(4, 1.75) equals
2
(A) – 0.5 (B) 0.5 (C) 1 (D) 1.5
2
e x ln x 5( x 2) ( x 2 7 x 10)
13. The range of the function f(x) = is
2 x 2 11x 12
3 3
(A) ( , ) (B) [0, ) (C) , (D) , 4
2 2
14. If the solution set for f (x) < 3 is (0, ) and the solution set for f (x) > – 2 is (– , 5), then the true
2
solution set for f ( x) f (x) + 6, is
(A) (– , + ) (B) (– , 0] (C) [0, 5] (D) (– , 0] [5, )
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
40 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
1 if x is rational
15. Let f (x) =
0 if x is irrational
A function g (x) which satisfies x f (x) g (x) for all x is
(A) g(x) = sin x (B) g (x) = x (C) g (x) = x2 (D) g (x) = | x |
16. The graph of the function y = g (x) is shown.
1
The number of solutions of the equation g ( x) 1 , is
2
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 8
17. Consider the functions
f:XY and g: YZ
then which of the following is/are incorrect?
(A) If f and g both are injective then gof : X Z is injective
(B) If f and g both are surjective then gof : X Z is surjective
(C) If gof : X Z is bijective then f is injective and g is surjective.
(D) none
1
18. Range of the function f (x) = tan–1 [ x] [ x ] 2 | x | 2 is
x
where [*] is the greatest integer function.
1 1 1 1
(A) , (B) 2 , (C) , 2 (D) , 2
4 4 4 4
19. Which of the following statements are incorrect?
I If f (x) and g (x) are one to one then f (x) + g(x) is also one to one.
II If f (x) and g (x) are one-one then f (x) · g(x) is also one-one.
III If f (x) is odd then it is necessarily one to one.
(A) I and II only (B) II and III only (C) III and I only (D) I, II and III
20. Let f : A B and g : B C be two functions and gof : A C is defined. Then which of the
following statement(s) is true?
(A) If gof is onto then f must be onto.
(B) If f is into and g is onto then gof must be onto function.
(C) If gof is one-one then g is not necessarily one-one.
(D) If f is injective and g is surjective then gof must be bijective mapping.
21. Consider the function g (x) defined as
g ( x)· x(2
2008
1)
1 = (x + 1)(x2 + 1)(x4 + 1)...... x2
2007
1 – 1.
the value of g (2) equals
(A) 1 (B) 22008 – 1 (C) 22008 (D) 2
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 41
4 4 4x
22. Let f : R R be a function defined as f(x) = . The inverse of f is the
3 3 3x 4
4 4
map g : R – R – is given by
3 3
3y 4y 4y 3y
(A) g(y) = (B) g(y) = (C) g(y) = (D) g(y) =
3 4y 4 3y 3 4y 4 3y
x| x| if x 1
23. Let F (x) = [1 x] [1 x ] if 1 x 1
x | x | if x1
where [x] denotes the greatest integer function then F(x) is
(A) even (B) odd
(C) neither odd nor even (D) even as well as odd
k f 4 (k ) 2009
24. Let f (k) =
2009
and g(k) =
(1 f ( k )) 4 ( f (k )) 4
then the sum g (k ) is equal :
k 0
(A) 2009 (B) 2008 (C) 1005 (D) 1004
25. The domain of definition of the function
cot 2 x tan 2 x
f (x) = log 1 2 log 1 2 is
2 2 cos ec x 5 2 3sec x 5
(A) R – {n, n I} (B) R – {(2n + 1) , n I}
2
(C) R – {n, (2n + 1) , n I} (D) none
2
x 1
26. If for all x different from both 1 and 0 we have f1(x) = , f2(x) = , and for all integers
x 1 1 x
f f ( x) if n is odd
n 1, we have fn + 2(x) = n 1 1 then f4(x) equals
f n 1 f 2 ( x ) f n is even
(A) x (B) x – 1
(C) f1(x) (D) f2(x)
27. If f (x) = x2 + bx + c and f (2 + t) = f (2 – t) for all real numbers t, then which of the following is
true?
(A) f (1) < f (2) < f (4) (B) f (2) < f (1) < f (4)
(C) f (2) < f (4) < f (1) (D) f (4) < f (2) < f (1)
28. The solution set for [x] {x} = 1 where {x} and [x] are fractional part and integral part of x, is
(A) R+ – (0, 1) (B) R+ – {1}
1 1
(C) m / m I {0} (D) m / m N {1}
m m
sin x
1 sin x
29. Period of the function f(x) = is :
2
cos x cos x
(A) /2 (B) (C) 2 (D) 4
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
42 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
APPLICATION PART # 03: JEE MAIN CORNER
1. Let W denotes the words in the English dictionary.
Define the relation R by R = {(x, y) W x W} the words x and y have at least one letter in
common}. Then R is: [2006]
(A) Reflexive, symmetic and not transitive
(B) reflexive, symmetric and transitive
(C) Reflexive, not symmentric and transitive
(D) not reflexive, symmetric and transitive
2. The largest interval lying in , for which the function
2 2
2 x
f x 4 x cos 1 1 +log (cos x) is defined, is: [2007]
2
(A) [0, ] (B) , (C) , (D) 0, 2
2 2 4 2
3. Let R be the real line. consider the following subsets of the plane R x R [2008]
S = {(x, y): y = x + 1 and 0 < x < 2} T = {(x, y): x - y is an integer}
Which one of the following is true?
(A) T is an equivalence relation on R but S is not
(B) neither S nor T is an equivalence relation on R
(C) Both S and T are equivalence relations on R
(D) S is an equivalence relation on R but T is not
4. Let f : N
Y be a function defined as f (x) = 4x + 3 where
Y = {y N : y = 4x + 3 for some x N}.
Show that f is invertible and its inverse is: [2008]
y 3 3y 4
(A) g ( y ) (B) g ( y )
4 3
y3 y3
(C) g ( y ) 4 (D) g ( y )
4 4
5. For real x let f(x) = x3 + 5x + 1, then: [2009]
(A) f is one - one but not onto R (B) f is onto R but not one- one
(C) f is one one and onto R (D) f is neither one - one nor onto R
Directions: Statement I (Assertion) and Statement II (Reason).
(A) Statement I is true, Statement II is true; Statement II is a correct explanation for Statement I.
(B) Statement I is ture, Statement II is true; Statement II is not a correct explanation for
Statement I.
(C) Statement I is true, Statement II is false.
(D) Statement I is false, Statement II is true.
Each of these questions also have four alternative choices, only one of which is the correct
answer. You have to select the correct choice.
6. Let f(x) = (x + 1)2 –1, x > – 1.
Statement I the set {x:f(x) = f-1(x)}={0,-1}
Statement II f is a bijection [2009]
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 43
7. Let f(x) = x|x| and g(x) = sin x
Statement I gof is differentiable at x = 0 and its derivative is continuous at that point.
Statement II gof is twice differentiable at x = 0 [2009]
8. Consider the following relations:
R = {(x, y)/x,y are real numbers and x = y for some rational number };
m p
S = , m, n, p and q are integers such that n, q 0 and qm = pn}. then [2010]
n q
(A) R is an equivalence relation but S is not an equivalence relation
(B) neither R nor S is an equivalence relation
(C) S is an equivalence relation but R is not an equivalence relation
(D) R and S both are equivalence relations
9. If two tangents drawn from a point P to the parabola y2 = 4x are at right angles, then the locus of
P is: [2010]
(A) 2x 1=0 (B) x = 1 (C) 2x + 1 = 0 (D) x = 1
10. Let S be a non - empty subset of R. Consider the following statement:
P: There is a rational number x S such that x > 0.
Which of the following statements is the negation of the statement P? [2010]
(A) x S and x < 0 x is not rational
(B) There is a rational number x S such that x < 0
(C) There is no rational number x S such that x < 0
(D) Every rational number x S satisfies x < 0.
1
11. The domain of the function f(x) = is: [2011]
| x | x
(A) (– , ) (B) (0, ) (C) (– , 0) (D) (– , ) – {0}
12. Let R be the set of real numbers. [2011]
Statement-1: A = {(x, y)R R : y - x is an integer} is an equivalence relation on R.
Statement-2: B = {(x, y)R R : x = y for some rationalnumber } is an equivalence
relation on R.
(A) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for
Statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for
Statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
13. Let A and B be two sets containing four and two elements respectively. Then the number of
subsets of the set A B each having at least three elements is [2015]
(A) 219 (B) 256 (C) 275 (D) 510
1
14. For x R, x 0, x 1 , let f0 x and f n 1 x f 0 f n x , n 0,1, 2,... Then the
1 x
2 3
value of f100 3 f1 f 2 is equal to: [2016]
3 2
8 5 4 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) .
3 3 3 3
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
44 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
1
15. If f x 2 f 3 x, x 0 and S x R : f x f x ; then S: [2016]
x
(A) Is an empty set. (B) Contains exactly one element
(C) Contains exactly two elements (D) Contains more than two elements
1 1 x
16. The function f : R , defined as f x , is [2017]
2 2 1 x2
(A) Injective but not surjective (B) Surjective but not injective
(C) Neither injective nor surjective (D) Invertible
10 10
17. Let f x 2 x 1 and g x 3 x 1 . If fog x x , then x is equal to: [2017]
310 1 210 1 1 310 1 210
(A) (B) (C) (D) .
310 210 210 310 210 310 310 210
x
18. The function f : N N defined by f x x 5 , where N is the set of natural numbers
5
and [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x, is:` [2017]
(A) One – One and onto (B) One – One but not onto
(C) Onto but not one – one (D) Neither one – one nor onto.
x 1
19. Let f : A B be a function defined as f x , where A R 2 and B R 1 .
x2
Then f is: [2018]
1 3y 1 1 2 y 1
(A) Invertible and f y (B) Invertible and f y .
y 1 y 1
1 2 y 1
(C) Invertible and f y (D) Not invertible
y 1
20. Consider the following two binary relations on the set A a , b, c : [2018]
R1 c, a , b, b , a, c , c, c , b, c , a, a and
R2 a, b , b, a , c, c , c, a , a, a , b, b , a, c .
Then:
(A) Both R1 and R2 are not symmetric (B) R1 is not symmetric but it is transitive
(C) R2 is symmetric but it is not transitive (D) Both R1 and R2 are transitive
21. Let N denote the set of all natural numbers. Define two binary relations on N as
R1 x, y N N : 2 x y 10 and R2 x, y N N : x 2 y 10 .
Then: [2018]
(A) Range of R1 is 2, 4,8
(B) Range of R2 is 1, 2,3, 4 .
(C) Both R1 and R2 are symmetric relations
(D) Both R1 and R2 are transitive relations.
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 45
1 1
22. For x R 0,1 , let f1 x , f 2 x 1 x and f3 x be three given functions. If
x 1 x
a function, J x satisfies f 2 J f1 x f 3 x then J x is equal to: [2019]
1
(A) f1 x (B) f3 x (C) f 2 x (D) f 3 x .
x
2x
23. Let A x R : x is not a positive integer . Define a function f : A R as f x ,
x 1
then f is: [2019]
(A) Surjective but not injective (B) Not injective
(C) Injective but not surjective (D) Neither injective nor surjective
24. Let N be the set of natural numbers and two functions f and g be defined as f , g : N N such
that [2019]
n 1
if n is odd
f n 2
n if n is even
2
n
and g n n 1 . Then fog is:
(A) Both one – one and onto (B) One – one but not onto
(C) onto but not one – one (D) Neither one – one nor onto
x
25. Let f : R R be defined by f x , x R . Then the range of f is: [2019]
1 x2
1 1 1 1
(A) 2 , 2 (B) R 1,1 (C) 1,1 0 (D) R , .
2 2
x x
26. Let f : 1,3 R be a function defined by f x , where [x] denotes the greatest
1 x2
integer x . Then the range of f is: [2020]
3 4 2 1 3 4
(A) 4,5 (B) 5 , 2 5 , 5
2 3 3 4 2 4
(C) 5 , 5 4 , 5 (D) 5 , 5 .
82 x 82 x
27. The inverse function of f x , x 1, 1 is [2020]
82 x 82 x
1 1 x 1 1 x
(A) log e (B) log e
4 1 x 4 1 x
1 1 x 1 1 x
(C) log8 e loge (D) log8 e loge
4 1 x 4 1 x
2 2 5
28. If g x x x 1 and gof x 4 x 10 x 5 , then f is equal to: [2020]
4
1 3 1 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
46 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
APPLICATION PART # 04: PROBLEMS TARGETED TO
JEE ADVANCED
SHEET # 01 SINGLE CORRECT OBJECTIVE PROBLEMS
8
1. The range of the function y = is
9 x2
8 8 8
(A) (– , ) – {± 3} (B) , (C) 0, (D) (– , 0) ,
9 9 9
2. Given the graphs of the two functions, y = f(x) and y = g(x).
In the adjacent figure from point A on the graph of the
function y = f(x) corresponding to the given value of the
independent variable (say x0), a straight line is drawn parallel
to the X-axis to intersect the bisector of the first and the third
quadrants at point B . From the point B a straight line parallel
to the Y-axis is drawn to intersect the graph of the function
y = g(x) at C. Again a straight line is drawn from the point C
parallel to the X-axis, to intersect the line NN at D . If the
straight line NN is parallel to Y-axis, then the co-ordinates of the point D are
(A) f(x0), g(f(x0)) (B) x0, g(x0) (C) x0, g(f(x0)) (D) f(x0), f(g (x0))
{x}
3. Range of the function f (x) = where {x} denotes the fractional part function is
1 {x}
1 1 1
(A) [0 , 1) (B) 0, (C) 0, (D) 0,
2 2 2
4. If f (x) is a function from R R, we say that f (x) has property
I if f (f (x) ) = x for all real number x, and we say that f (x) has property
II if f (–f(x)) = – x for all real number x.
How many linear functions, have both property I and II?
(A) exactly one (B) exactly two (C) exactly three (D) infinite
5. The function f (x) is defined by f (x) = cos4x + K cos22x + sin4x, where K is a constant. If the
function f (x) is a constant function, the value of k is
(A) – 1 (B) – 1/2 (C) 0 (D) 1/2
6. Let [x] denote the greatest integer in x. Then in the interval [0, 3] the number of solutions of the
equation, x2 3x + [x] = 0 is :
(A) 6 (B) 4 (C) 2 (D) 0
2
7. Let f (x) = (3x + 2)2 – 1, – < x . If g(x) is the function whose graph is the reflection of
3
the graph of f(x) with respect to line y = x, then g(x) equals
1 1
(A)
3
2 x 1 , x 1 (B)
3
2 x 1 , x 1
1 1
(C)
3
1 x 2 , x 2 (D)
3
1 x 2 , x 2
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 47
8. Let two functions f(x) and g(x) are defined on R R such that
x2 , x irrational 2 x 2 , x irrational
f (x) = 2
and g(x) = 2 . Then the function
2 x , x rational x , x rational
f + g : R R is
(A) injective as well as surjective. (B) injective but not surjective.
(C) surjective but not injective. (D) neither surjective nor injective.
9. If f (x) = 2x + 1 then the value of x satisfying the equation
f ( x ) f f ( x ) f f f ( x ) f f f f ( x ) 116 is equal to
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 6
10. Which of the following graphs best represent the function f (x) = x [x]?
(where [x] denotes the largest integer less than or equal to x.)
y
y
4
4
(A) 3 (B) 3
2 2
1 1
x x
–2 –1 O 1 2 –2 –1 O 1 2
y y
4 4
(C) 3 (D) 3
2 2
1 1
x x
–2 –1 O 1 2 –2 –1 O 1 2
ex 1
11. For the function f (x) = , if n(D) denotes the number of integers which are not in its
ex 1
domain and n(r) denotes the number of integers which are not in its range, then n(D) + n(r) is equal to
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) Infinite
12. Which of the following equations have the same graphs?
( x 2 4)
I. y = x – 2 II. y III. (x + 2)y = x2 – 4
( x 2)
(A) I and II only. (B) I and III only.
(C) II and III only. (D) All the equations have different graphs.
1
1 7
13. If g(x) = 4 cos 4 x 2 cos 2 x cos 4 x x 7 , then the value of g g (100) is equal to
2
(A) – 1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 100
x
5
14. The period of f x cos is
2
(A) (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) None
15. The domain of f x x12 x9 x 4 x 1 is
(A) 1, 1 (B) , 1 (C) 1, (D) ,
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
48 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
f x
16. If f x y f x f y x, y R and f 0 0 then the function f x 2
is
1 f x
(A) An odd function (B) An even function
(C) Neither odd nor even (D) Nothing can be said
e x e x
17. Let f x and f g x x then g x is.
2
1 1
(A) log (B) log
2 2
x x 1 x x 1
2 x2 1 2 x2 1
(C) log (D) log
2 2
x 1 x x 1 x
18. Which of the following is true for sgn x
(A) sgn sgn x sgn x (B) x x sgn x
(C) sgn sgn sgn x sgn x (D) None
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 49
SHEET # 02 COMPREHENSION TYPE PROBLEMS
[COMPREHENSION TYPE]
Paragraph for question nos. 1 to 4
Let f (x) = x2 – 2x – 1 x R. Let f : (– , a] [b, ), where 'a' is the largest real
number for which f (x) is bijective.
1. The value of (a + b) is equal to
(A) – 2 (B) – 1 (C) 0 (D) 1
2. Let f : R R, g (x) = f (x) + 3x – 1, then the least value of function y = g(| x |) is
(A) – 9/4 (B) – 5/4 (C) – 2 (D) – 1
3. Let f : [a, ) [b, ), then f –1(x) is given by
(A) 1 + x2 (B) 1 – x3 (C) 1 – x2 (D) 1 + x3
4. Let f : R R, then range of values of k for which equation f (| x |) = k has 4 distinct real roots is
(A) (– 2, – 1) (B) (– 2, 0) (C) ( – 1, 0) (D) (0, 1)
Paragraph for question nos. 5 to 6
Consider a quadratic function f (x) = ax2 + bx + c, (a, b, c R, a 0) and satisfying
the following conditions.
(i) f (x – 4) = f (2 – x) x R and f (x) x x R
2
x 1
(ii) f (x) x (0, 2)
2
(iii) The minimum value of f (x) is zero.
5. The value of the leading coefficient of the quadratic polynomial is
(A) 1/4 (B) 1/3 (C) 1/2 (D) 1
6. f ' (1) has the value equal to
(A) 1/4 (B) 1/3 (C) 1/2 (D) 1
Paragraph for question nos. 7 to 9
Let S denotes the set consisting of four functions and S = { [x], sin–1x, |x|, {x} }
where {x} denotes fractional part and [x] denotes greatest integer function.
Let A, B, C are subsets of S.
Suppose
A: consists of odd function(s)
B : consists of discontinuous function(s)
and C : consists of non-decreasing function(s) or increasing function(s).
If f (x) A C ; g (x) B C ; h (x) B but not C and l(x) neither A nor B nor C.
Then answer the following.
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
50 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
7. The function l(x) is
(A) Periodic (B) Even (C) Odd (D) neither odd nor even
8. The range of g f ( x ) is
(A) {–1, 0, 1} (B) {–1, 0) (C) {0, 1} (D) {–2, – 1, 0, 1}
9. The range of f h ( x ) is
(A) 0, (B) 0, (C) 0, (D) 0,
2 2 2 2
Paragraph for question nos. 10 to 12
An even periodic function f : R R with period 4 is such that
max. (| x |, x 2 ) ; 0 x 1
f(x) =
x ; 1 x 2
10. The value of {f(x)} at x = 5.12 (where { } represents fractional part), is
(A) {f (7.88)} (B) {f (3.26)} (C) {f (2.12)} (D) {f (5.88)}
11. The equation of circle with centre lies on the curve f(x) at x = 9 and touches x-axis, is
(A) x2 + y2 – 14x – 2y + 49 = 0 (B) x2 + y2 – 18x – 4y + 84 = 0
(C) x2 + y2 – 18x – 2y + 81 = 0 (D) x2 + y2 – 18x + 2y + 81 = 0
12. If g(x) = |3sin x|, then the number of solutions of f(x) = g(x) for x (–6, 6), are
(A) 5 (B) 7 (C) 3 (D) 9
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SHEET # 03 MORE THAN ONE CORRECT OBJECTIVE PROBLEMS
[MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE TYPE]
1. Which of the following function(s) have no domain?
(A) f(x) = logx – 1(2 – [x] – [x]2) (B) g(x) = cos–1(2–{x})
1
(C) h(x) = ln ln(cosx) (D) f(x) =
sec sgn e x
-1
Where [x] denotes the greatest integer function & {x} denotes the fractional part function
2. Which of the following option is/are correct?
1
(A) tan–1(x2) = cot–1 2 is true for all x R – {0}
x
2
1 x
(B) 2 cos–1 2
= 2 no real solution
1 x
(C) If f (x) = cos–1 | x | + sec–1 | x | then f (x) is even as well as odd.
(D) If f (x) = sin–1(tan2x + cot2x) + cosec–1(sin2x + cosec2x) then domain of f (x) is
n
R – nI.
2
3. Which of the following function (s) is/are Transcendental?
2 sin 3 x
(A) f (x) = 5 sin x (B) f (x) = 2
x 2 x 1
(C) f (x) = x2 2 x 1 (D) f (x) = (x2 + 3).2x
4. The graphs of which of the following pairs differ?
sin x cos x
(A) y = + ; y = sin 2x
1 tan 2 x 1 cot 2 x
(B) y = tan x cot x ; y = sin x cosec x
sec x cos ec x
(C) y = cos x + sin x ; y =
sec x cos ec x
(D) none of these
5. Which of the following function(s) is/are periodic with period ?
(A) f(x) = sin x (B) f(x) = [x + ] (C) f(x) = cos (sin x) (D) f(x) = cos2x
(where [ . ] denotes the greatest integer function)
1 sin x
6. The values of x in [–2, 2], for which the graph of the function y = – secx and y = –
1 sin x
1 sin x
+ secx, coincide are
1 sin x
3 3 3 3
(A) 2 , , 2 (B) , ,
2 2 2 2 2 2
3
(C) , (D) [–2, 2] – ,
2 2 2 2
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
52 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
7. Identify the statement(s) which is/are incorrect ?
(A) the function f(x) = cos (cos1 x) is neither odd nor even
(B) the fundamental period of f(x) = cos (sin x) + cos (cos x) is
(C) the range of the function f(x) = cos (3 sin x) is [ 1, 1]
(D) the function f(x, y) = x2 y 2 + x is a homogeneous function of degree 1.
8. Which of the following function(s) would represent a non singular mapping.
(A) f : R R f (x) = | x | Sgn x , where Sgn denotes Signum function
(B) g : R R g (x) = x3/5
(C) h : R R h (x) = x4 + 3x2 + 1
3x2 7 x 6
(D) k : R R k (x) =
x x2 2
9. If the function f (x) = ax + b is its own inverse then the ordered pair (a, b) can be
(A) (1, 0) (B) (–1, 0) (C) (–1, 1) (D) (1, 1)
10. Let f(x) = sgn(arc cot x) + tan [ x] , where [x] is the greatest integer function less than or
2
equal to x. Then which of the following alternatives is/are true?
(A) f (x) is many one but not even function (B) f(x) is periodic function
(C) f(x) is bounded function (D) Graph of f(x) remains above x-axis
11. The graph of the function y = f (x) is as follows.
Which of the following graphs represents the function mentioned against them?
(A) y = | f (x) | (B) y=f(|x|)
1
(C) y = f (– | x | ) (D) y= ( | f (x) | – f (x) )
2
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 53
12. Let f : R R be a function defined as f (x) = x + [x]. (Where [x] denotes the greatest integer less
than or equal to x). Which of the following hold(s) good ?
(A) f (x) is aperiodic (B) f (x) is not surjective
(C) f (x) is neither odd nor even (D) f (x) is injective
13. Let f(x) = [x]2 + [x + 1] – 3, where [x] denotes greatest integer less than or equal to x, then which
of the following statement(s) is/are CORRECT?
(A) f(x) is many one function.
(B) f(x) vanishes for atleast three values of x.
(C) f(x) is neither even nor odd function.
(D) f(x) is aperiodic.
14. Let f : A B and g : B C be two functions and gof : A C is defined. Then which of the
following statement(s) is/are incorrect?
(A) If gof is into then g must be into.
(B) If gof is onto then f must be onto.
(C) If gof is one-one then f must be one-one.
(D) If gof is bijective then both f and g must be bijective.
15. Consider the function f (x) = x 1 x , then which of the following is/are CORRECT?
(A) Range of f (x) is 1, 2 . (B) f is many one.
(C) f is either even or odd.
(D) Range of f (x) is identical to range of g (x) = 2 cos x .
4
16. Let f : [– 1, 1] onto [3, 5] be a linear polynomial. Which of the following can be true?
1 7 15 1 1 1
(A) f = (B) f – 1 = (C) f(0) 4 (D) f f =8
2 2 4 4 2 2
17. Let f: R R defined by f (x) = Min. ( | x |, 1–| x |)
Then which of the following hold(s) good?
(A) Range of f is (–, 1] (B) f is aperiodic.
(C) f is neither even nor odd. (D) f is neither injective nor surjective.
18. Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct?
(A) If f is a one-one mapping from set A to A, then f is onto.
(B) If f is an onto mapping from set A to A, then f is one-one.
(C) Let f and g be two functions defined from R R such that gof is injective, then
f must be injective.
(D) If set A contains 3 elements while set B contains 2 elements, then total
number of functions from A to B is 8.
19. Which of the following are identical functions?
(A) f (x) = sgn x 1 (B) g (x) = sin2 (ln x) + cos2 (ln x)
2
(C) h (x) = sin 1 x cos 1 x (D) k (x) = sec 2 x tan 2 x
(where [ x ] denotes greatest integer less than or equal x, {x} denotes fractional part of x
and sgn x denotes signum function of x respectively.)
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
54 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
SHEET # 04 INTEGER / SUBJECTIVE TYPE PROBLEMS
[INTEGER TYPE / SUBJECTIVE]
1. Polynomial P(x) contains only terms of odd degree. When P(x) is divided by (x – 3), the
remainder is 6. If P(x) is divided by (x2 – 9) then remainder is g (x).
Find the value of g (2).
2. Let f(x) = – x100. If f(x) is divided by x2 + x, then the remainder is r(x).
Find the value of r(10).
3. If f : R R be an injective mapping and p, q, r are non-zero distinct real quantities satisfying
p pq q r
f f and f f .
r qr r p
If the graph of g(x) = px2 + qx + r passes through M (1, 6) then find the value of q.
4. Let P(x) = x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d, where a, b, c, d R.
Suppose P(0) = 6, P(1) = 7, P(2) = 8 and P(3) = 9, then find the value of P(4).
2
5. Let f (x) = x 9 x a . Find the number of integers in the range of a so that f (x) =
0 has 4 distinct real root.
6. The polynomial R(x) is the remainder upon dividing x2007 by x2 – 5x + 6. If R(0) can be
expressed as ab(ac – bc), find the value of (a + b + c).
7. Number of integer in the range of the function,
x
f (x) = sin + 16 x 2 + x + log2 x ( x 2) .
2
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 55
SHEET # 05 SUBJECTIVE PROBLEMS
Q.1 Find the domains of definitions of the following functions :
(Read the symbols [*] and {*} as greatest integers and fractional part functions
respectively.)
(i) f (x) = cos 2 x 16 x2 (ii) f (x) = log7 log5 log3 log2 (2x3 + 5x2 14x)
1 5x
(iii) f (x) = ln 2
x 5 x 24 x 2 (iv) f (x) =
7 x 7
2log10 x 1
(v) y = log10 sin ( x 3) 16 x 2 (vi) f (x) = log100 x
x
1 x
(vii) f (x) = ln x ( x 2 1) (viii) f (x) = log 1 2
4x2 1 2 x 1
1
(ix) f (x) = x2 | x | (x) f (x) = ( x 2 3x 10).ln 2 ( x 3)
2
9x
cos x (1 2)
(xi) f(x) = log x (cos 2 x ) (xii) f (x) =
6 35x 6 x2
[ x]
f (x) = f (x) =
(xiii) log1/3 log 4 [ x]2
5 (xiv)
2 x [ x]
(xv) f (x) = logx sin x
1
(xvi) f (x) = log2 log1/ 2 1 + log10 log10 x log10 4 log10 x log10 3
x
sin 100
1 1 1
(xvii) f (x) = + log1 – {x}(x2 – 3x + 10) + +
[x] 2 | x | sec(sin x)
1
7
(xviii) f (x) = (5 x 6 x ) ln x +
2 2
(7 x 5 2 x ) + ln x
2
(xix) f (x) = log 1
x 2 x 6 16 xC2 x 1 20 3 x
P2 x 5
x x
3
(xx) f (x) = log10 log|sin x| ( x 2 8x 23)
log 2 | sin x |
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
56 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
Q.2 Find the domain & range of the following functions.
(Read the symbols [*] and {*} as greatest integers and fractional part functions
respectively.)
2x x 2 3x 2
(i) y = log 5 2(sin x cos x) 3 (ii) y =
1 x2
(iii) f(x) =
x2 x 6
x
(iv) f (x) = (v) y = 2x 1 x
1 | x |
x 4 3
(vi) f (x) = log(cosec x - 1) (2 [sin x] [sin x]2) (vii) f (x) =
x5
Q.3 (A) Draw graphs of the following function, where [ ] denotes the greatest integer
function.
(i) f (x) = x + [x]
(ii) y = (x)[x] where x = [x] + (x) & x > 0 & x 3
(iii) y = sgn [x]
(iv) sgn (x x)
(B) Identify the pair(s) of functions which are identical?
(where [x] denotes greatest integer and {x} denotes fractional part function)
(i) f (x) = sgn (x2 – 3x + 4) and g (x) = e[{x}]
1 cos 2 x
(ii) f (x) = and g (x) = tan x
1 cos 2 x
(iii) f (x) = ln(1 + x) + ln(1 – x) and g (x) = ln(1 – x2)
cos x 1 sin x
(iv) f (x) = and g (x) =
1 sin x cos x
Q.4 Classify the following functions f(x) definzed in R R as injective, surjective, both or
none .
x 2 4 x 30
(A) f(x) = (B) f(x) = x3 6 x2 + 11x 6
x 2 8 x 18
(C) f(x) = (x2 + x + 5) (x2 + x 3)
Q.5 Solve the following problems from (A) to (e) on functional equation.
(A) The function f (x) defined on the real numbers has the property that
f f ( x ) ·1 f ( x ) = – f (x) for all x in the domain of f. If the number 3 is in the
domain and range of f, compute the value of f (3).
(B) Suppose f is a real function satisfying f (x + f (x)) = 4 f (x) and f (1) = 4. Find the
value of f (21).
2
(C) Let 'f' be a function defined from R+ R+. If [ f (xy)]2 = x f ( y) for all
positive numbers x and y and f (2) = 6, find the value of f (50).
(D) Let f (x) be a function with two properties
(i) for any two real number x and y, f (x + y) = x + f (y) and
(ii) f (0) = 2.
Find the value of f (100).
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(E) Let f be a function such that f (3) = 1 and f (3x) = x + f (3x – 3) for all x. Then
find the value of f (300).
Q.6 Suppose f (x) = sin x and g (x) = 1 – x . Then find the domain and range of the
following functions.
(A) fog (B) gof (C) fof (D) gog
Q.7 If f(x) is an even function and g(x) is an odd function and x2 f(x) – 2f(1/x) = g(x), then
find f(5).
1 x
Q.8 A function f : R R is such that f = x for all x – 1. Prove the following.
1 x
(A) f f ( x ) = x (B) f 1 x = – f (x), x 0 (C) f (– x – 2) = – f (x) – 2.
x
Q.9 (A) Find the formula for the function fogoh, given f (x) = ; g (x) = x10 and
x 1
h (x) = x + 3. Find also the domain of this function. Also compute (fogoh)(–1).
(B) Given F (x) = cos2(x + 9). Find the function f, g, h such that F = fogoh.
Q.10 If f (x) = max x , 1 x for x > 0 where max (a, b) denotes the greater of the two real
numbers a and b. Define the function g(x) = f (x) · f 1 x and plot its graph.
Q.11 (A) The function f (x) has the property that for each real number x in its domain, 1/x
is also in its domain and f (x) + f 1 x = x. Find the largest set of real numbers
that can be in the domain of f (x)?
(B) Let f (x) = ax 2 bx . Find the set of real values of 'a' for which there is at least
one positive real value of 'b' for which the domain of f and the range of f are the
same set.
1 x if x 0 x if x 1
Q.12 f (x) = and g (x) = find (fog)(x) and (gof)(x)
x 2 if x 0 1 x if x 1
Q.13 Find whether the following functions are even or odd or none
x (a x 1)
(A) f(x) = log x 1 x 2 (B) f(x) =
ax 1
(C) f(x) = sin x + cos x (D) f(x) = x sin2 x x3
x 2
(E) f(x)= sin x cos x (F) f(x) =
1 2
2x
x x
(G) f(x)= x
1 (H) f(x) = [(x+1)²]1/3 + [(x 1)²]1/3
e 1 2
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
58 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
Q.14 (i) Write explicitly, functions of y defined by the following equations and also find
the domains of definition of the given implicit functions :
(A) 10x + 10y = 10 (B) x + y= 2y
(ii) The function f(x) is defined on the interval [0,1]. Find the domain of definition
of the functions.
(A) f (sin x) (B) f (2x+3)
(iii) Given that y = f (x) is a function whose domain is [4, 7] and range is [–1, 9]. Find
the range and domain of
1
(A) g (x) = f (x) (B) h (x) = f (x – 7)
3
Q.15 Compute the inverse of the functions:
x
(A)
f (x) = ln x x2 1 (B) f (x) = 2 x 1
10 x 10 x
(C) y=
10 x 10 x
Q.16 Find the inverse of f (x) = 2log10 x 8 and hence solve the equation f (x) = f–1(x).
1
Q.17 Function f & g are defined by f(x) = sin x, xR ; g(x) = tan x , xR K
2
where K I . Find
(i) periods of fog & gof. (ii) range of the function fog & gof .
Q.18 Find out for what integral values of n the number 3 is a period of the function :
f(x) = cos nx . sin (5/n) x.
Q.19 Let f(x) = ln x and g(x) = x2 – 1
Column-I contains composite functions and column-II contains their domain. Match the
entries of column-I with their corresponding answer is column-II.
Column-I Column-II
(A) fog (P) (1, )
(B) gof (Q) (–, )
(C) fof (R) (–, –1) (1, )
(D) gog (S) (0, )
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SHEET # 06 SUBJECTIVE PROBLEMS
Q.1 Let f be a oneone function with domain {x,y,z} and range {1,2,3}. It is given that
exactly one of the following statements is true and the remaining two are false.
f(x) = 1; f(y) 1 ; f(z) 2. Determine f1(1)
Q.2 Let x = log49 + log928
show that [x] = 3, where [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x.
Q.3 (A) A function f is defined for all positive integers and satisfies f(1) = 2005 and
f(1)+ f(2)+ ... + f(n) = n2f(n) for all n > 1. Find the value of f(2004).
(B) If a, b are positive real numbers such that a – b = 2, then find the smallest value of
the constant L for which x 2 ax x 2 bx < L for all x > 0.
(C) Let f (x) = x2 + kx ; k is a real number. The set of values of k for which the
equation f (x) = 0 and f f ( x ) = 0 have same real solution set.
(D) Let P(x) = x6 + ax5 + bx4 + cx3 + dx2 + ex + f be a polynomial such that P(1) = 1 ;
P(2) = 2 ; P(3) = 3; P(4) = 4; P(5) = 5 and P(6) = 6 then find the value of P(7).
(E) Let a and b be real numbers and let f (x) = a sin x + b 3 x + 4, x R. If
f log 10 (log 3 10) = 5 then find the value of f log 10 (log 10 3) .
Q.4 Column I contains functions and column II contains their natural domains. Exactly one
entry of column II matches with exactly one entry of column I.
Column I Column II
x 1
(A) f (x) = sin 1 (P) (1, 3) (3, )
x
x 2 3x 2
(B) g (x) = ln (Q) (– , 2)
x 1
1 1
(C) h (x) = (R) , 2
x 1
ln
2
(D) (x) = ln x 2 12 2 x (S) [–3, –1) [1, )
Q.5 Let [x] = the greatest integer less than or equal to x. If all the values of x such that the
1 1
product x
2 x 2 is prime, belongs to the set [x1, x2) [x3, x4), find the value of
x12 x 22 x 32 x 42 .
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
60 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
Q.6 Suppose p(x) is a polynomial with integer coefficients. The remainder when p(x) is
divided by x – 1 is 1 and the remainder when p(x) is divided by x – 4 is 10. If r (x) is the
remainder when p(x) is divided by (x – 1)(x – 4), find the value of r (2006).
1
|ln{ x }| |ln{ x }|
e {x} where ever it exists
Q.7 Prove that the function defined as , f (x) =
{x} otherwise , then
f (x) is odd as well as even. (where {x} denotes the fractional part function )
1 1 x
Q.8 In a function 2 f(x) + xf 2f 2 sin x = 4 cos2 + x cos
x 4 2 x
1
Prove that (i) f 2 f 1 and (ii) f (2) + f (1) = 0
2
Q.9 A function f , defined for all x , y R is such that f (1) = 2 ; f (2) = 8
& f (x + y) k xy = f (x) + 2 y2 , where k is some constant . Find f (x) & show that:
1
f (x + y) f = k for x + y 0.
x y
Q.10 Let f : R R – {3} be a function with the property that there exist T > 0 such that
f ( x) 5
f (x + T) = for every x R. Prove that f (x) is periodic.
f ( x) 3
Q.11 If f (x) = 1 + x 2 , 0 x 4
g (x) = 2 x , 1 x 3
Then find fog (x) & gof (x) . Draw rough sketch of the graphs of fog (x) & gof (x) .
Q.12 Let f (x) = x135 + x125 – x115 + x5 + 1. If f (x) is divided by x3 – x then the remainder is
some function of x say g (x). Find the value of g (10).
Q.13 Let {x} & [x] denote the fractional and integral part of a real number x respectively.
Solve 4{x}= x + [x]
9x
Q.14 Let f (x) = then find the value of the sum
9x 3
1 2 3 2005
f + f + f + .... + f
2006 2006 2006 2006
Q.15 Let f (x) = (x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3)(x + 4) + 5 where x [–6, 6]. If the range of the
function is [a, b] where a, b N then find the value of (a + b).
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 61
Q.16 Find a formula for a function g (x) satisfying the following conditions
(A) domain of g is (– , )
(B) range of g is [–2, 8]
(C) g has a period and
(D) g (2) = 3
3 4
Q.17 The set of real values of 'x' satisfying the equality + = 5 (where [ ] denotes the
x x
greatest integer function) belongs to the interval a , b c where a, b, c N and b c is in
its lowest form. Find the value of a + b + c + abc.
Q.18 f (x) and g (x) are linear function such that for all x, f g ( x ) and g f ( x ) are Identity
functions.
If f (0) = 4 and g (5) = 17, compute f (2006).
Q.19 A is a point on the circumference of a circle. Chords AB and AC divide the area of the
circle into three equal parts. If the angle BAC is the root of the equation, f (x) = 0 then
find f (x).
Q.20 If for all real values of u & v, 2 f(u) cos v = f (u + v) + f (u v), prove that, for all real
values of x.
(i) f (x) + f ( x) = 2a cos x
(ii) f ( x) + f( x) = 0
(iii) f ( x) + f (x) = 2b sin x. Deduce that f (x) = a cos x b sin x, a, b are
arbitrary constants.
2
Q.21 Prove that f x max x 2 , 1 x 2 , 2 x 1 x , x 0, 1 and
2 1
1 x , 0 x
3
1 2
g x 2 x 1 x , x are equal functions.
3 3
2 2
x , 3
x 1
x x
Q.22 If f x x
2 . Prove that f x is an even function.
e 1 2
Q.23 Solve f x g x for real values of x if
f x x2 4 x 3 x 2 and g x 2 1 x
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
62 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
Q.24 Let ‘f'’ be a real valued function defined for all real value of ‘x’ such that for some fixed
1 2
a > 0 f x a f x f x for ‘x’. Show that the function f x is periodic
2
with period 2a.
1
Q.25 If f x , x 0 then draw the graph of f x , f x , f x 2 .
x
2 x sin x tan x
Q.26 Prove that f x is an odd function where [ . ] denotes the G.I.F.
x 2
2 3
10x 10 x
Q.27 Find the inverse of the function: f x 1
10 x 10 x
Q.28 If a function f x satisfies the equation f x 1 f x 1 3 f x x R . Show
that f x is periodic function of period 12.
x 1 1 2 x 0
Q.29 If f x then find
1 x 1 0x2
min f t 2 t x, 2 x 0
g x
max f t 0 t x, 0 x 2
Q.30 Find the domain of the function
3 x 3x 2
f x sin 1
x 1 x 2 x 3 2
Q.31 If f x sin 2 x sin 2 x cos x cos x , then prove that f x is an even
3 3
function.
1 3
Q.32 Let f : , , , where f x x 2 x 1 . Find the inverse of f x . Hence
2 4
1 3
solve the equation x 2 x 1 x .
2 4
Q.33 Find the range of the following functions:
(i) f x 3sin
2 2
x (ii) f x
x 2
2
16 x 2x 3
x2 e x2 e
(iii) f x sin cos n 2 cos sin n 2
x 1 x 1
e x e x
(iv) f x x x
e e
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 63
APPLICATION PART # 05: JEE ADVANCED CORNER
2
1. Let f(x) = x 1 1, x 1 . Then the set S = {x : f(x) = f -1(x)} is, if f is onto
3 i 3 3 i 3
(A) 0, 1, , (B) {0, 1, -1} [2003]
2 2
(C) {0, -1} (D) empty
2. Let S = {1, 2, 3, 4}. The total number of unordered pairs of disjoint subsets of S is equal to
(A) 25 (B) 34 (C) 42 (D) 41 [2010]
3. Let (x 0 , y 0 ) be the solution of the following equations [2011]
(2x ) ln 2 (3y) ln 3
3ln x 2ln y
Then x 0 is
1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 6
6 3 2
4. Let f(x) = x 2 and g(x) = sin x for all x R . Then the set of all x satisfying
(f o g o g o f) (x) = (g o g o f) (x), where (f o g) (x) = f(g(x)), is [2011]
(A) n , n {0,1, 2,....} (B) n , n {1, 2, ....}
(C) 2n, n {2, 1, 0,1, 2,....} (D) 2n, n {....., 2, 1, 0,1, 2,....}
2
5. Let f : (0,1) R be defined by [2011]
bx
f (x)
1 bx
where b is a constant such that 0 < b < 1. Then
1
(A) f is not invertible on (0, 1) (B) f f 1 on (0, 1) and f’(B) =
f '(0)
1
(C) f f 1 on (0, 1) and f’(B) = (D) f 1 is differentiable on (0, 1)
f '(0)
6. The function f : [0, 3] [1, 29], defined by f(x) = 2x 3 15x 2 36x 1, is [2012]
(A) one-one and onto (B) onto but not one-one
(C) one-one but not onto (D) neither one-one nor onto
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
64 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
2
7. Let f : (1,1) IR be such that f (cos 4) 2
for 0, , . Then the
2 sec 4 4 2
1
value (s) of f is (are) [2012]
3
3 3 2 2
(A) 1 (B) 1 (C) 1 (D) 1
2 2 3 3
8. If 3 x 4 x1 , then x = [2013]
2 log 3 2 2 1 2 log 2 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 log 3 2 1 2 log 2 3 1 log 4 3 2 log 2 3 1
9. The number of points in , , for which x2 x sin x cos x 0 is [2013]
(A) 6 (B) 4 (C) 2 (D) 0
3
10. Let f : , R be given by f x log sec x tan x then [2014]
2 2
(A) f (x) is an odd function (B) f (x) is a one-one function
(C) f (x) is an onto function (D) f(x) is an even function
11. Let f (x) s in sin sin x for all x R and g (x) sin x for all x R . Let f o g
6 2 2
(x) denote f g x and g of (x) denote g f x . Then which of the following is (are)
true? [2015]
1 1
(A) Range of f is ,
2 2
1
(B) Range of fog is ,
2 2
f (x)
(C) xlim
0 g (x) 6
(D) There is an x R such that gof x 1 .
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 65
x
12. Let E1 x : x 1and 0 and [2018]
x 1
x
E2 x E1 : sin 1 loge is a real number .
x 1
(Here, the inverse trigonometric function sin1 x assumes value in , .)
2 2
x
Let f : E1 be the function defined by f x log e .
x 1
x
and g : E2 be the function defined by g x sin 1 loge .
x 1
List – I List – II
1 e
P. The range of f is 1. , 1 e e 1 , .
Q. The range of g contains 2. 0, 1 .
1 1
R. The domain of f contains 3. 2 , 2 .
S. The domain of g is 4. ,0 0, .
e
5. , e 1
e
6. , 0 , .
e 1
The correct option is:
(A) P 4; Q 2; R 1; S 1 (B) P 3; Q 3; R 6; S 5 .
(C) P 4; Q 2; R 1; S 6 (D) P 4; Q 3; R 6; S 5 .
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
66 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
ANSWER KEY
APPLICATION PART # 01 TOPIC WISE SHEETS
Dear student,
Answers to the Topic Wise Sheets have not been intentionally provided in this module to track
your progress of solving these sheets. First, you have to solve these sheets & submit your
responses on your student portal. Then, answers will be displayed on it. Do fill your
responses in the spaces given below.
SHEET # 01
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 02
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 03
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 04
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 05
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 67
SHEET # 06
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 07
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 08
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 09
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 11
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
68 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
SHEET # 13
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 14
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 15
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
EXERICE # 02: PROBLEMS TARGETED TO JEE MAIN
SHEET # 01 RELATIONS
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. D C C C A A D D C C
Que. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. C A A B D B A B C B
Que. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Ans. C C D C B B D A C D
SHEET # 02 FUNCTIONS
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. B C B C B A C C D D
Que. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. C D A D D D D C D C
Que. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
Ans. D B A C C C B D C
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 69
APPLICATION PART # 03: JEE MAIN CORNER
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. A D A A C C C C D D
Que. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. C C A B C B D D B C
Que. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Ans. B D C C A B C C
APPLICATION PART # 04: PROBLEMS TARGETED TO JEE ADVANCED
SHEET # 01 SINGLE CORRECT OBJECTIVE PROBLEMS
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. D C C B B C A D B B
Que. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Ans. C D D B D B B C
SHEET # 02 COMPREHENSION TYPE PROBLEMS
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Ans. B C A A A D B D B A C B
SHEET # 03 MORE THAN ONE CORRECT OBJECTIVE PROBLEMS
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. ABCD ABC ABD ABC ACD AC ABC AB ABC ABCD
Que. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Ans. ABCD ABCD ABCD ABD AB ABD BD CD ACD
SHEET # 04 INTEGER / SUBJECTIVE TYPE PROBLEMS
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7
4 10 8 34 17 2011 1
SHEET # 05 SUBJECTIVE PROBLEMS
5 3 3 5 1
Q 1. (i) , , , (ii) 4 , (2, )
4 4 4 4 4 4 2
(iii) (– , – 3] (iv) (– , – 1) [0, )
1 1 1
(v) (3 2 < x < 3 ) (3 < x 4) (vi) 0, ,
100 100 10
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
70 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
1 5 1 5
(vii) (1 < x < 1/2) ( (x > 1) (viii) , 0 ,
2 2
(ix) (3, 1] {0} [ 1,3 ) (x) { 4 } [ 5, )
1 5
(xi) (0 , 1/4) (3/4 , 1) U {x : x N, x 2} (xii) , , 6
6 3 3
1
(xiii) [– 3,– 2) [ 3,4) (xiv) R – , 0
2
(xv) 2K < x < (2K + 1) but x 1 where K is nonnegative integer
(xvi) {x 1000 x < 10000} (xvii) (–2, –1) (–1, 0) (1, 2)
(xviii) (1, 2) (2, 5/2); (xix) x {4, 5}
3
(xx) x (3, 5) {x , }
2
Q.2 (i) D : x R R : [0 , 2] (ii) D = R ; range [ –1 , 1 ]
(iii) D : {xx R ; x 3 ; x 2} R : {f(x)f(x)R , f(x) 1/5 ; f(x) 1}
(iv) D : R ; R : (–1, 1) (v) D : 1 x 2 R : 3 , 6
(vi) D : x (2n, (2n + 1)) 2 n 6 , 2 n 2 , 2 n 56 , n I and
R : loga 2 ; a (0, ) {1} Range is (–, ) – {0}
1 1 1
(vii) D : [– 4, ) – {5}; R : 0, ,
6 6 3
Q.3 (B) (i), (iii) are identical
Q.4 (A) neither surjective nor injective
(B) surjective but not injective
(C) neither injective nor surjective
Q.5 (A) – 3/4; (B) 64; (C) 30, (D) 102; (e) 5050
Q.6 (A) domain is x 0 ; range [–1, 1]; (B) domain 2k x 2k + ; range [0, 1]
(C) Domain x R; range [– sin 1, sin 1]; (D) domain is 0 x 1; range is [0, 1]
Q.7 0
( x 3)10 1024
Q.9 (A) 10
, domain is R, ;
( x 3) 1 1025
(B) f(x) = x2 ; g (x) = cos x; h (x) = x + 9
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 71
1
if 0 x 1
x2
Q.10 g ( x)
x 2 if x 1
Q.11 (A) {–1, 1} (B) a {0, – 4}
x if x0 x2 if x0
Q.12 (gof)(x) = x 2 if 0 x 1 ; (fog)(x) = 1 x if 0 x 1
x
1 x2 if x 1 if x 1
Q.13 (A) odd, (B) even,
(C) neither odd nor even, (D) odd,
(E) neither odd nor even, (F) even,
(G) even, (G) even
Q.14 (i) (A) y = log (10 10x) , < x < 1
(B) y = x/3 when < x < 0 & y = x when 0 x < +
(ii) (A) 2K x 2K + where K I (B) [3/2 , 1]
(iii) (A) Range : [– 1/3, 3], Domain = [4, 7] ;
(B) Range [–1, 9] and domain [11, 14]
e x e x log 2 x 1 1 x
Q.15 (A) ; (B) ; (C) log
2 log 2 x 1 2 1 x
Q.16 x = 10; f–1(x) = 10log2 ( x2)
Q.17 (i) period of fog is , period of gof is 2 ;
(ii) range of fog is [1 , 1] , range of gof is [tan1, tan1]
Q.18 ± 1, ± 3, ± 5, ± 15
Q.19 (A) R; (B) S; (C) P; (D) Q
SHEET # 06 SUBJECTIVE PROBLEMS
1
Q 1. f1(1) = y Q.3 (A) , (B) 1, (C) [0, 4), (D) 727, (e) 3
1002
Q.4 (A) R; (B) S; (C) P; (D) Q
Q.5 11 Q.6 6016 Q 9. f (x) = 2 x2
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
72 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
x 1 , 0 x 1
1 x , 1 x 0 3 x , 1 x 2
Q 11. fog (x) = ; gof (x) = ;
x 1 , 0 x2 x 1 , 2 x3
5 x , 3 x4
x , 1 x 0
x , 0 x 1
fof (x) = ; gog (x) = x , 0 x2
4 x , 3 x 4 4 x ,
2 x3
Q.12 21 Q.13 x = 0 or 5/3
Q.14 1002.5 Q.15 5049 Q.16 g (x) = 3 + 5 sin(n + 2x – 4), n I
Q.17 20 Q.18 122 Q.19 f (x) = sin x + x
3
5 13
Q.23 x
2
x 2 2 x 1
1 1 x 0
Q.29 g x Q.30 0, 2 1
x 0x 1
1 1 x 2
1 3
Q.32 f 1 x x , x 1
2 4
3 3 1 3 1
Q.33 (i) 0, 2 (ii)
4
,
4
(iii) sin cos1 cos sin1 ;1 sin 1 (iv) 1
0, 2
APPLICATION PART # 05: JEE ADVANCED CORNER
1. C 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. A 6. B
7. AB 8. ABC 9. C 10. ABC 11. ABC 12. A.
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 73
LIMITS
LIMIT OF A FUNCTION.
Meaning of ‘x a’: Let x be a variable and a be the constant. If x assumes values nearer
and nearer to ‘a’ then we say ’x tends to a’ and we write ' x a ' . It should be noted that as
x a , we have x a . By 'x tends to a ' we mean that
x should approach to ‘a’. x may approach to a from left or right.
Left hand and right hand limit : Consider the values of the functions at the points which
are very near to a on the left of a. If these values tend to a definite unique number as x
tends to a, then the unique number so obtained is called left-hand limit of f (x) at x = a and
symbolically we write it as f (a 0) lim f (x) lim f (a h)
x a h 0
Similarly we can define right-hand limit of f (x) at x a which is expressed as
f (a 0) lim f (x) lim f (a h) .
x a h 0
0
Note : If a function f (x) takes the form or at x a , then we say that f (x) is
0
indeterminate or meaningless at x a . Other indeterminate forms are
, ,0 , 1 , 00 , 0
It is not necessary that if the value of a function at some point exists then its limit at that
point must exist.
Sandwich theorem: If f (x) , g(x) and h(x) are any three functions such that,
f (x) g(x) h(x) x neighborhood of x a and lim f (x) lim h(x) l(say) , then
x a x a
lim g(x) l. This theorem is normally applied when the limg(x) can't be obtained by using
x a x a
conventional methods as function f (x) and h(x) can be easily found.
3x, if 0 x 1
Example: 1 Let the function f be defined by the equation f (x) , then
5 3x, if 1 x 2
(A) lim f (x) f (1) (B) limf (x) 3
x 1 x 1
(C) lim f (x) 2 (D) limf (x) does not exist
x 1 x 1
Solution: (D) L.H.L. lim f (x) lim f (1 h) lim3(1 h) lim(3 3h) 3 3.0 3
x 1 0 h 0 h 0 h 0
R.H.L. lim f (x) lim f (1 h) lim[5 3(1 h)] lim(2 3h) 2 3.0 2
x 1 0 h 0 h0 h 0
Hence limf (x) does not exists.
x 1
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
74 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
FUNDAMENTAL THEOREMS ON LIMITS.
The following theorems are very useful for evaluation of limits if limf (x) l and
x0
limg(x) m (l and m are real numbers) then
x 0
(1) lim(f (x) g(x)) l m (Sum rule) (2) lim(f (x) g(x)) l m (Difference rule)
x a x a
(3) lim(f (x).g(x)) l.m (Product rule) (4) lim k f (x) k.l (Constant multiple rule)
xa x a
f (x) l 1
(5) lim , m 0 (Quotient rule) (6) If limf (x) or , then lim 0
x a g(x) m xa x a f (x)
(7) lim log{f (x)} log{lim f (x)} (8) If f (x) g(x) for all x, then
x a xa
lim f (x) lim g(x)
x a xa
lim g (x )
(9) lim[f (x)]g ( x ) {lim f (x)} x a
x a x a
(10) If p and q are integers, then lim(f (x)) p/q lp/q , provided (l)p/q is a real number.
x a
(11) If limf (g(x)) f (lim g(x)) f (m) provided ‘f’ is continuous at g(x) m. e.g.
xa x a
limln[f (x)] ln(l), only if l 0.
x a
METHODS OF EVALUATION OF LIMITS.
We shall divide the problems of evaluation of limits in five categories.
Algebraic limits: Let f (x) be an algebraic function and ‘a’ be a real number. Then
limf (x) is known as an algebraic limit.
x a
Direct Factorisation Rationalisation Based on the form when
substitution x
If by direct In this method, Rationalisation is In this case expression
substitution of the numerator and followed when we have should be expressed as a
point in the given denominator are fractional powers on function 1/x and then after
expression we get factorised. The expressions in numerator removing indeterminate
a finite number, common factors or denominator or in form, (if it is there)
then the number are cancelled and both. After rationalisation 1
replace by 0.
obtained is the the rest outputs the terms are factorised x
limit of the given the results. which on cancellation
expression. gives the result.
Note: An important result: If m, n are positive integers and a 0 ,b0 0 are non-zero real
a0
b , if m n
0
a 0 x a1 x .... a m 1 x a m
m m 1
numbers, then lim 0, if m n
x b x n b x n 1 ..... b
0 1 n 1x b n ,if m n
3x /2 3
Example: 2 The value of lim x is
x2 3 9
(A) 0 (B) 1/3 (C) 1/6 (D) ln 3
x /2 x /2
3 3 (3 3) 1
Solution: (C) lim x/2 2 2
= lim x /2 x /2
= .
x2 (3 ) (3) x 2 (3 3)(3 3) 6
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 75
1 1 1
Example: 3 lim equals
h0 h x h x
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2x 2x x2 x2
1 1 1 1 x (x h) 1 h 1
Solution: (D) lim
= lim = lim = 2 .
h0 h x h
x h 0 h (x h)x h 0 h (x h)x x
1 x2 1 x2
Example: 4 The value of lim is
x 0 x2
(A) 1 (B) –1 (C) – 2 (D) 0
Solution: (B) lim
1 x2 1 x 2 1 x2 1 x2 = lim (1 x ) (1 x ) = 2 1 .
2 2
x 0 x2
1 x2 1 x2 x 1 x 1 x
x 0 2 2 2 2
x 3
Example: 5 lim equals
x 3 x2 4x
3
(A) 1 (B)
2
1
(C) (D) None of these
4
Solution: (D) lim
x 3
lim
(x 3) x 2 4 x
2 2
x 3 x 2 4 x x 3 x 2 4x
= lim
(x 3) x2 4x = lim
x 2 4 x 11
1.
x 3 (2x 6) x 3 2 2
2
ax bx c
Example: 6 lim =
x dx 2 ex f
b c a d
(A) (B) (C) (D)
e f d a
Solution: (C) Here the expression assumes the form
. We note that the highest power of x in
both the numerator and denominator is 2. So we divide each terms in both the
numerator and denominator by x 2 .
b c
a
ax 2 bx c x x2 a00 a
lim lim .
x dx 2 ex f x e f d 00 d
d 2
x x
Example: 7 lim x x x x is equal to
x
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) log 2 (D) e4
2
x x x x
Solution: (B) lim x x x x = lim =
x x
x x x x
x x 1 x 1 / 2 1
lim lim .
x x 1 3 / 2 2
x x x x 1 x x 1
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
76 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
a 2x 3 x
Example: 8 lim equals
x a 3a x 2 x
2a 2
(A) (B)
3 3 3 3
(C) 0 (D) None of these
a 2x 3x a 2x 3x a 2x 3x 3a x 2 x
Solution: (B) lim lim
x a 3a x 2 x x a 3 a x 2 x a 2x 3x 3a x 2 x
3a x 2 x 2
lim .
x a 3 ( a 2 x 3 x )
3 3
( x 1)10 ( x 2)10 ..... (x 100 )10
Example: 9 lim is equal to
x x 10 10 10
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 10 (D) 100
10 10 10
1 2 100
x 10 1 1 ... 1
( x 1)10 ( x 2)10 ...... ( x 100 )10 x x x
Solution: (D) lim lim
x x 10 10 10 x 10 10
x 10 1 10
x
. 100
Trigonometric limits: To evaluate trigonometric limits the following results are very
important.
sin x x tan x x
(i) lim 1 lim (ii) lim 1 lim
x 0 x x 0 sin x x 0 x x 0 tan x
sin 1 x x tan 1 x x
(iii) lim 1 lim 1 (iv) lim 1 lim
x0 x x 0 sin x x 0 x x 0 tan 1 x
sin x 0
(v) lim (vi) limcos x 1
x 0 x 180 x 0
sin(x a) tan(x a)
(vii) lim 1 (viii) lim 1
x a xa xa
x a
(ix) limsin 1 x sin 1 a, | a | 1 (x) lim cos1 x cos 1 a; | a | 1
xa x a
sin x cos x sin 1 / x
(xi) lim tan 1 x tan 1 a; a (xii) lim lim 0 (xiii) lim 1
x a x x x x x 1 / x
1 cos 2( x 1)
Example: 10 lim
x 1 x 1
(A) Exists and it equal 2 (B) Exists and it equals 2
(C) Does not exist because x 1 0
(D) Does not exist because left hand limit is not equal to right hand limit
1 cos 2 h sinh
Solution: (D) f (1) lim f (1 h) lim lim 2 2
h0 h0 h h 0 h
1 cos( 2 h) sinh
f (1) lim f (1 h) lim lim 2 2.
h0 h0 h h 0 h
limit does not exist because left hand limit is not equal to right hand limit.
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 77
(1 cos 2 x ) sin 5 x
Example: 11 lim
x 0 x 2 sin 3 x
10 3 6 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 10 5 6
2 sin 2 x sin 5 x 3 x 5 x 2 sin 2 x 3x sin 5 x 5 x 5 10
Solution: (A) lim 2
= lim 2
. . . = 2. .
x 0 x sin 3 x 3 x 5 x x 0 x sin 3 x 5x 3x 3 3
1
x sin , x 0
Example: 12 If f (x ) x , then lim f ( x ) =
x 0
0, x 0
(A) 1 (B) 0
(C) –1 (D) None of these
1 1
Solution: (B) lim x sin lim x lim sin = 0 × (A number oscillating between – 1 and 1) = 0.
x 0 x x 0 x 0 x
x
1 tan [1 sin x ]
2
Example: 13 lim is
x
x 3
2 1 tan [ 2 x ]
2
1 1
(A) (B) 0 (C) (D)
8 32
x
tan (1 sin x )
4 2
Solution: (C) lim
x
( 2 x ) 3
2
y y y
tan (1 cos y ) tan . 2 sin 2
Let x y, then y 0 lim
2
= lim 2 2
2 y 0 (2 y ) 3 y 0 (8 )y 3
2
y y
tan sin 2
1 2 1
lim . .
y 0 32 y y 32
2 2
Logarithmic limits: To evaluate the logarithmic limits we use following formulae
x2 x3
(i) log(1 x ) x .......... .. to where 1 x 1 and expansion is true
2 3
only if base is e.
log(1 x )
(ii) lim 1 (iii) lim log e x 1
x 0 x x e
log(1 x ) log a (1 x )
(iv) lim 1 (v) lim log a e , a 0, 1
x 0 x x 0 x
log{1 ( x a)}
Example: 14 lim
x a (x a)
(A) –1 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) –2
Solution: (C) Let x – a = y, when x a, y 0,
log{1 y }
The given limit = lim 1 .
y 0 y
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
78 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
log(3 x ) log(3 x )
Example: 15 If lim k, then the value of k is
x 0 x
(A) 0 (B) –1/3 (C) 2/3 (D) –2/3
3 x 1 ( x / 3)
log log
Solution: (C) lim
log(3 x ) log(3 x )
lim 3 x lim 1 (x / 3 )
x 0 x x 0 x x 0 x
log 1 ( x / 3) log 1 (x / 3 ) 1 1 2
lim lim .
x 0 x x 0 x 3 3 3
Exponential limits:
Based on series expansion Based on the form 1
2 3
To evaluate the exponential form 1 we use the
We use e x 1 x x x .......... ...
2! 3! following results.
To evaluate the exponential limits (a) If lim f ( x ) lim g(x ) 0 , then
x a x a
we use the following results – f(x )
lim
ex 1 lim {1 f ( x )}1 / g( x ) e x a g( x ) ,
(A) lim 1 x a
x 0 x
or when lim f (x ) 1 and lim g(x ) .
ax 1 x a x a
(B) lim log e a
x 0 x Then
e x 1 lim ( f ( x )1)g ( x )
lim { f ( x )} g ( x ) lim [1 f ( x ) 1] g( x ) = e x a
(C) lim ( 0) x a x a
x 0 x
x
1
(b) lim (1 x )1 / x e (c) lim 1 e
x 0 x x
x
(d) lim (1 x ) 1/x
e
(e) lim 1 e
x 0 x x
, if a 1
Note: lim a x i.e., a , if a 1 and a 0 if a 1 .
x
0 , if a 1
e x e x
Example: 16 lim
x 0 x
1
(A) (B) (C) 2 2 (D)
e x e x (e x 1) (e x 1) e x 1 e x 1
Solution: (D) lim lim = lim lim = .
x 0 x x 0 x x 0 x x 0 x
e x (1 x )
Example: 17 The value of lim is
x 0 x2
1 1
(A) 0 (B) (C) 1 (D)
2 4
x2 1 x x2
(1 x .....) (1 x ) x2 .....
e x (1 x ) 2! 2! 3! 4 ! 1 1
Solution: (B) lim = lim = lim = .
x 0 x2 x 0 x2 x 0 x 2 2! 2
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 79
x 2
x 3
Example: 18 The value of lim is
x x 1
(A) e4 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) e2
2
1
2. x
x 1 2 x 1 1
x2 .( x 2 ). 1
x 3 2 2 ( x 1) 2 2
Solution: (D) lim lim 1 lim 1
x
x x 1 x x 1 x x 1
2 1
2 lim 1 1
x x
e2.
x
e
c dx
1
Example: 19 If a, b, c, d are positive, then lim 1
x a bx
(A) ed / b (B) ec / a (C) e (c d ) /(a b ) (D) e
1 c dx
lim
Solution: (A) e x a bx 1
ed /b .
L’ Hospital’s Rule: If f (x ) and g(x ) be two functions of x such that
(i) lim f ( x ) lim g(x ) 0 (ii) Both are continuous and differentiable at x a .
x a x a
f (x ) f ' (x )
(iii) f ' (x ) and g' (x ) are continuous at the point x a , then lim lim
x a g(x ) x a g' (x )
provided that g ' (a) 0
Note: The above rule is also applicable if lim f (x ) and lim g(x ) .
x a x a
f ' (x )
If lim assumes the indeterminate form 0 or and f ' (x ), g' (x ) satisfy all the
x a g' (x ) 0
condition embodied in L’ Hospital rule, we can repeat the application of this rule
f ' (x ) f ' (x ) f "(x )
on to get, lim = lim . Sometimes it may be necessary to repeat
g ' (x ) x a g ' ( x ) x a g"(x )
this process a number of times till our goal of evaluating limit is achieved.
(cos x 1) (cos x e x )
Example: 20 The integer n for which lim is a finite non-zero number is
x 0 xn
Solution: (C) n cannot be negative integer for then the limit 0
x
2 sin 2
x x
Limit = lim 2 2 e cos x 1 lim e cos x ( n 1 for then the limit = 0)
x 0 2 ( x / 2)2 x n 2 2 x 0 x n 2
1 e x sin x 1
lim . So, if n3, the limit is which is finite. If n 4, the limit
2 x 0 (n 2)x n 3 2(n 2)
is infinite.
x h x
Example: 21 lim
h 0 h
(A) 1 / 2 x (B) 1 / 2 h
(C) Zero (D) None of these
Solution: (A) Applying ‘L’ Hospital’s rule, [Differentiating Nr and Dr with respect to h]
1
0
1
We get, lim 2 x h .
h 0 1 2 x
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
80 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
G( x ) G(1)
Example: 22 If G(x ) 25 x 2 , then lim equals
x 1 x 1
(A) 1/24 (B) 1/5
(C) 24 (D) None of these
G ( x ) 1(2 x ) 1
Solution: (D) By L'-Hospital rule, lim lim
x 1 1 x 1
2 25 x 2 24
g( x ) f (a) g(a) f (x )
Example: 23 If f (a) 2, f ' (a) 1, g(a) 1, g ' (a) 2, then lim equals
x a x a
(A) –3 (B) 1/3 (C) 3 (D) –1/3
g(x ) f (a) g(a) f (x ) g(x ) f (a) g(a) f ( x )
Solution: (C) Applying L – Hospital's rule, we get, lim lim
x a x a x a 1
g(a) f (a) g(a) f (a) 2 2 1 (1) 3.
SOME IMPORTANT EXPANSIONS
In finding limits, use of expansions of following functions are useful:
2
(1) (1 x )n 1 nx n(n 1) x 2 ..... (2) a x 1 x log a ( x log a) .....
2! 2!
2 3 3 4 2
(3) e x 1 x x x ..... (4) log(1 x ) x x x x ....., | x | 1
2! 3! 2 3 4
1 x x2
1
... e 1 x 11 x 2 .......
2
(5) log(1 x) x x x3 x 4 (6) (1 x) e x 2 3
..., where | x | 1
2 3 4 2 24
3 5 2 4 6
(7) sin x x x x ....... (8) cos x 1 x x x ......
3! 5! 2! 4! 6!
3 5 3 5
(9) tan x x x 2 x ..... (10 sin 1 x x 1 2 . x 3 2 . 1 2 . x .....
3 15 3! 5!
3 5 7
(11) cos 1 x sin 1 x (12) tan 1 x x x x x .....
2 3 5 7
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 81
CONTINUITY
CONTINUITY OF A FUNCTION AT A POINT
A function f (x ) is said to be continuous at a point x a of its domain iff lim f (x ) f (a) . i.e.
x a
a function f (x ) is continuous at x a if and only if it satisfies the following three
conditions :
(1) f (a) exists. (‘a’ lies in the domain of f)
(2) lim f (x) exist i.e. lim f (x ) lim f ( x ) or R.H.L. = L.H.L.
x a x a x a
(3) lim f (x) f (a) (limit equals the value of function).
x a
CONTINUITY FROM LEFT AND RIGHT
Function f (x ) is said to be
(1) Left continuous at x = a if lim f (x ) f (a)
x a 0
(2) Right continuous at x a if Lim f (x ) f (a) .
x a 0
Thus a function f (x ) is continuous at a point x a if it is left continuous as well as right
continuous at x a.
x , x 3
Example: 1 If f(x) = 4, x 3 is continuous at x = 3, then =
3 x 5, x 3
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 1
Solution: (D) L.H.L. at x = 3, lim f (x ) lim ( x ) = lim (3 h ) = 3 …..(i)
x 3 x 3 h0
R.H.L. at x = 3, lim f ( x ) lim (3 x 5 ) = lim {3(3 h) 5} = 4 …..(ii)
x 3 x 3 h 0
Value of function f (3 ) 4 …..(iii)
For continuity at x = 3
Limit of function = value of function 3 + = 4 = 1.
2 x 1 when x 1
Example: 2 If f (x ) k when x 1 is continuous at x =1, then the value of k is
5 x 2 when x 1
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Solution: (C) Since f (x ) is continuous at x = 1,
lim f (x ) lim f ( x ) f (1) …..(i)
x 1 x 1
Now lim f ( x ) lim f (1 h) = lim 2(1 h) 1 3 i.e., lim f (x ) 3
x 1 h0 h0 x 1
Similarly, lim f (x ) lim f (1 h) = lim 5(1 h) 2 i.e., lim f ( x ) 3
x 1 h 0 h0 x 1
So according to equation (i), we have k = 3.
mx 2 , x 1
Example: 3 The value of m for which the function f (x ) is continuous at x 1, is
2 x , x 1
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) Does not exist
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
82 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
Solution: (C) LHL = lim f ( x ) lim m (1 h)2 m
x 1 h0
RHL = lim f ( x ) lim 2(1 h) 2 and f (1) m
x 1 h 0
Function is continuous at x 1, LHL = RHL = f (1)
Therefore m 2 .
(cos x )1 / x , x 0
Example: 4 If the function f(x ) is continuous at x 0 , then the value of k is
k ,x 0
(A) 1 (B) –1 (C) 0 (D) e
1
Solution: (A) lim (cos x )1 / x k lim log(cos x ) log k
x 0 x 0 x
1 1
lim lim log cos x log k lim 0 log e k k 1 .
x 0 x x 0 x 0 x
CONTINUITY OF A FUNCTION IN OPEN AND CLOSED INTERVAL
Open Interval: A function f (x ) is said to be continuous in an open interval (a, b) iff it is
continuous at every point in that interval.
Note: This definition implies the non-breakable behavior of the function f (x ) in the
interval (a, b).
Closed Interval: A function f (x ) is said to be continuous in a closed interval [a, b] iff,
(1) f is continuous in (a, b)
(2) f is continuous from the right at ‘a’ i.e. lim f ( x ) f (a)
x a
(3) f is continuous from the left at ‘b’ i.e. lim f ( x ) f (b ) .
x b
2
x a 2 sin x , 0 x
4
Example: 5 If the function f ( x ) x cot x b , x , is continuous in the interval [0,
4 2
b sin 2 x a cos 2 x ,
x
2
] then the values of (a, b) are
Solution: (B) Since f is continuous at x ; f
f h
f h
4 4 4
h 0 4
h 0
(1) b 0 a 2 2 sin 0
4 4 4
1
b a 2 2 sin b a 2 2 . b a2
4 4 4 2
Also as f is continuous at x ; f lim
f ( x ) lim f h
2 2
x 0
h0 2
2
b sin 2 a cos 2 lim ( h) cot( h) b b . 0 a(1) 0 b a b .
2 2 h 0
2 2
Hence (0, 0) satisfy the above relations.
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 83
1 cos 4 x , when x 0
x2
Example: 6 If is continuous at x = 0, then the value of ‘a’ will
f (x ) a , when x 0
x
, when x 0
(16 x ) 4
be
(A) 8 (B) –8
(C) 4 (D) None of these
2 sin 2 2 x
Solution: (A) lim f ( x ) lim
2
4 8
and lim f (x ) lim [( 16 x ) 4 ] 8
x 0 x 0 (2 x ) x 0 x 0
Hence a 8 .
CONTINUOUS FUNCTION
A list of continuous functions:
Function f(x) Interval in which f(x) is continuous
(i) Constant K (–, )
n
(ii) x , (n is a positive integer) (–, )
–n
(iii) x (n is a positive integer) (–, ) – {0}
(iv) |x – a| (–, )
(v) p(x) a 0 x n a1 x n 1 a 2 x n 2 ........ a n (–, )
p(x) (–, ) – {x : q(x) = 0}
(vi) , where p(x) and q(x) are
q(x)
polynomial in x
(vii) sin x, cos x (–, )
(viii) tanx (–, ) – {(2n + 1)/2 : n I}
(ix) cot x (–, ) – {n : n I}
(x) sec x (–, ) – {(2n 1) / 2: n I}
(xi) cosec x (–, ) – {n :n I}
(xii) e x (–, )
(xiii) loge x (0, )
Properties of continuous functions: Let f (x ) and g(x ) be two continuous functions
at x a. Then
(i) cf (x ) is continuous at x = a, where c is any constant
(ii) f (x ) g(x ) is continuous at x a.
(iii) f (x ) . g(x ) is continuous at x a.
(iv) f ( x ) / g( x ) is continuous at x a , provided g(a) 0 .
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
84 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
A function f (x ) is said to be continuous if it is continuous at each point of its domain.
A function f (x ) is said to be everywhere continuous if it is continuous on the entire real line
R i.e. (, ) . eg. polynomial function e x , sin x , cos x , constant, x n , | x a | etc.
Integral function of a continuous function is a continuous function.
If g(x) is continuous at x = a and f(x) is continuous at x = g(a) then (fog) (x) is continuous
at x a .
If f(x) is continuous in a closed interval [a, b] then it is bounded on this interval.
If f(x) is a continuous function defined on [a, b] such that f(a) and f(b) are of opposite signs,
then there is atleast one value of x for which f(x) vanishes. i.e. if f(a) > 0, f(b) < 0
c (a, b) such that f(c) = 0.
If f(x) is continuous on [a, b] and maps [a, b] into [a, b] then for x [a, b] we have f(x) = x.
Continuity of composite function: If the function u f (x ) is continuous at the point
x a, and the function y g (u ) is continuous at the point u f (a) , then the composite
function y (gof )( x ) g( f ( x )) is continuous at the point x = a.
DISCONTINUOUS FUNCTION.
A function ‘f’ which is not continuous at a point x a in its domain is said to be
discontinuous there at. The point ‘a’ is called a point of discontinuity of the function.
The discontinuity may arise due to any of the following situations.
(i) lim f (x ) or lim f (x ) or both may not exist
x a x a
(ii) lim f (x ) as well as lim f (x ) may exist, but are unequal.
x a x a
(iii) lim f ( x ) as well as lim f (x ) both may exist, but either of the two or both may not be
x a x a
equal to f (a) .
A function f is said to have removable discontinuity at x = a if lim f ( x ) lim f ( x ) but their
x a x a
common value is not equal to f(a).
Such a discontinuity can be removed by assigning a suitable value to the function f at x = a.
If lim f (x ) does not exist, then we can not remove this discontinuity. So this become a non-
x a
removable discontinuity or essential discontinuity.
If f is continuous at x = c and g is discontinuous at x = c, then
(a) f +g and f – g are discontinuous (b) f.g may be continuous
If f and g are discontinuous at x = c, then f + g, f – g and fg may still be continuous.
Point functions (domain and range consists one value only) is not a continuous function.
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 85
x 1, x 0
Example: 7 If f (x ) 1
,x 0 , then
42
x , x 0
(A) lim f ( x ) 1 (B) lim f (x ) 1
x 0 x 0
(C) f (x ) is discontinuous at x 0 (D) None of these
Solution: (C) Clearly from curve drawn of the given function f (x ) , it is discontinuous at x 0 .
a
(1 | sin x |) | sin x| ,
x0
Example: 8 Let 6 , then the values of a and b if f is continuous at x
f (x ) b , x 0
tan 2 x
e tan 3 x , 0x
6
= 0, are respectively
2 3 2 2/3 3 3/2
(A) , (B) ,e (C) ,e (D) None
3 2 3 2
a
(1 | sin x |) | sin x| ; x 0
6
Solution: (B) f (x ) b ; x 0 For f (x ) to be continuous at x 0
tan 2 x
; 0 x
e tan 3 x 6
a a
lim | sin x|
| sin x|
lim f ( x ) f (0 ) lim f (x ) lim (1 | sin x |) | sin x|
e x 0
ea
x 0 x 0 x 0
tan 2 x tan 3 x
.2 x .3 x
Now, lim e tan 2 x / tan 3 x lim e 2x 3x
lim e 2 / 3 e 2 / 3 .
x 0 x 0 x 0
2 sin x , x
2
Example: 9 The values of A and B such that the function f ( x ) A sin x B, x , is
2 2
cos x ,
x
2
continuous everywhere are
(A) A = 0, B = 1 (B) A = 1, B = 1
(C) A = –1, B = 1 (D) A = –1, B = 0
Solution: (C) For continuity at all x R, we must have f lim (2 sin x )
2 x ( / 2)
lim ( A sin x B)
x ( / 2 )
2 A B …..(i)
and f lim ( A sin x B) lim (cos x )
2 x ( / 2) x ( / 2)
0 AB ….(ii)
From (i) and (ii), A 1 and B 1.
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
86 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
1 kx 1 kx
, for 1 x 0
Example: 10 If f (x ) x is continuous at x 0, then k
2x 2 3x 2 , for 0 x 1
(A) – 4 (B) – 3 (C) – 2 (D) – 1
1 kx 1 kx
Solution: (C) L.H.L. lim k
x 0 x
R.H.L. lim (2 x 2 3 x 2) 2
x 0
Since it is continuous, hence L.H.L = R.H.L k 2 .
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 87
DIFFERENTIABILITY
DIFFERENTIABILITY OF A FUNCTION AT A POINT.
Meaning of differentiability at a point:
[a + h, f (a+h)]
Consider the function f (x ) defined on an open Y R
[a–h, f (a–h)]
interval (b, c ) let P(a, f (a)) be a point on the
curve y f (x ) and let Q (a h, f (a h)) and Q
R(a h, f (a h)) be two neighbouring points on P [a, f
the left hand side and right hand side
X
respectively of the point P. O
f (a h) f (a)
Then slope of chord PQ =
(a h) a
f (a h) f (a) f (a h) f (a) f (a h) f (a)
and, slope of chord PR = .
h aha h
As h 0, point Q and R both tends to P from left hand and right hand respectively.
Consequently, chords PQ and PR becomes tangent at point P.
f (a h) f (a)
Thus, lim lim (slope of chord PQ)= lim (slope of chord PQ)
h 0 h h 0 Q P
Slope of the tangent at point P, which is limiting position of the chords drawn on the left
f (a h) f (a)
hand side of point P and lim = lim (slope of chord PR) = lim (slope of
h 0 h h 0 R P
chord PR).
Slope of the tangent at point P, which is the limiting position of the chords drawn on the
right hand side of point P.
f (a h) f (a) f (a h) f (a)
Now, f (x ) is differentiable at x a lim lim
h 0 h h 0 h
There is a unique tangent at point P.
Thus, f (x ) is differentiable at point P, iff there exists a unique tangent at point P. In other
words, f (x ) is differentiable at a point P iff the curve does not have P as a corner point.
i.e., "the function is not differentiable at those points on which function has jumps (or
holes) and sharp edges.”
Right hand derivative: Right hand derivative of f (x ) at x a , denoted by f ' (a 0 ) or
f (a h) f (a)
f ' (a) , is the lim .
h 0 h
Left hand derivative: Left hand derivative of f (x ) at x a, denoted by f ' (a 0 ) or f ' (a ) ,
f (a h) f (a)
is the lim .
h 0 h
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
88 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
Example: 1 The value of the derivative of | x 1| | x 3 | at x2 is
(A) –2 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D)Not defined
( x 1) ( x 3) , x 1 2 x 4 , x 1
Solution: (B) Let f ( x ) | x 1 | | x 3 | = ( x 1) (x 3) , 1 x 3 = 2 , 1 x 3
( x 1) ( x 3) , x 3 2x 4 , x 3
Since, f (x ) = 2 for 1 x 3 . Therefore f ' (x ) 0 for all x (1, 3) .
Hence, f ' (x ) 0 at x 2.
Example: 2 If f (x ) | log | x || , then
(A) f (x ) is continuous and differentiable for all x in its domain
(B) f (x ) is continuous for all x in its domain but not differentiable at x 1 .
(C) f (x ) is neither continuous nor differentiable at x 1
(D) None of these
Solution: (B) From the graph of f (x ) = | log | x || that f (x ) is everywhere continuous but not
differentiable at x 1. .
Example: 3 Let f ( x ) | x 1 | | x 1 | , then the function is
(A) Continuous (B) Differentiable except x 1
(C) Both (A) and (B) (D) None of these
2 x , when x 1
Solution: (C) Here f (x ) | x 1 | | x 1 | f ( x ) 2 , when 1 x 1
2 x , when x 1
Y
Graphical solution: The graph of the function is shown
alongside, 2
From the graph it is clear that the function is continuous at all
real x, also differentiable at all real x except at x 1; Since
X’ X
sharp edges at x 1 and x 1 . – 1
At x 1 we see that the slope from the right i.e., Y’
R.H.D. = 2, while slope from the left i.e., L.H.D.= 0
Similarly, at x 1 it is clear that R.H.D. = 0 while L.H.D. = – 2
ax 2 b , x 1
Example: 4 If the derivative of the function f (x ) 2 is everywhere continuous
bx ax 4 , x 1
and differentiable at x = 1 then
(A) a = 2, b = 3 (B) a = 3, b = 2
(C) a = –2, b = – 3 (D) a = – 3, b = – 2
ax 2 b , x 1
Solution: (A) f (x ) 2
bx ax 4 , x 1
2ax , x 1
f ' (x )
2bx a , x 1
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 89
To find a, b we must have two equations in a, b
Since f (x ) is differentiable, it must be continuous at x 1 .
RLV at x 1 for f(x) b a 4 a b
2a 4 i.e ., a 2
Again f ' (x ) is continuous, it must be continuous at x 1 .
R L V at x 1 for f ' (x )
2b a 2a. Putting a 2, we get 2b 2 4
2b 6 or b 3.
DIFFERENTIABILITY IN AN OPEN INTERVAL.
A function f (x ) defined in an open interval (a, b) is said to be differentiable or derivable in
open interval (a, b) if it is differentiable at each point of (a, b).
Differentiability in a closed interval : A function f : [a, b] R is said to be differentiable
in [a, b] if
(1) f ' (x ) exists for every x such that a x b i.e. f is differentiable in (a, b).
(2) Right hand derivative of f at x a exists.
(3) Left hand derivative of f at x b exists.
Some standard results on differentiability:
(1) Every polynomial function is differentiable at each x R .
(2) The exponential function a x , a 0 is differentiable at each x R .
(3) Every constant function is differentiable at each x R .
(4) The logarithmic function is differentiable at each point in its domain.
(5) Trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions are differentiable in their domains.
(6) The sum, difference, product and quotient of two differentiable functions is
differentiable.
(7) The composition of differentiable function is a differentiable function.
If f is derivable in the open interval (a, b) and also at the end points ‘a’ and ‘b’, then f is said
to be derivable in the closed interval [a, b].
A function f is said to be a differentiable function if it is differentiable at every point of its
domain.
If a function is differentiable at a point, then it is continuous also at that point.
i.e. Differentiability Continuity, but the converse need not be true.
If a function ‘f’ is not differentiable but is continuous at x = a, it geometrically implies a
sharp corner or kink at x = a.
If f(x) is differentiable at x = a and g(x) is not differentiable at x =a, then the product
function f(x).g(x) can still be differentiable at x = a.
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
90 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
If f(x) and g(x) both are not differentiable at x = a then the product function f(x).g(x) can still
be differentiable at x = a.
If f(x) is differentiable at x = a and g(x) is not differentiable at x = a then the sum function
f(x) + g(x) is also not differentiable at x = a
If f(x) and g(x)both are not differentiable at x = a, then the sum function may be a
differentiable function.
2
Example: 5 The set of points where the function f (x ) 1 e x is differentiable
(A) (, ) (B) (, 0) (0, )
(C) (1, ) (D) None of these
Solution: (B) Clearly, f (x ) is differentiable for all non-zero values of x, For x 0 , we have
2
xe x
f ' (x )
2
1 e x
Now, (L.H.D. at x = 0)
2 2
h
f (x ) f (0) f (0 h) f (0) 1 e h
= lim lim = lim 1 e lim =
x 0 x 0 h 0 h h 0 h h 0 h
2
eh 1 1
lim 1
h0 h2 eh
2
2 2
f (x ) f (0 ) 1 e h 0 eh 1 1
and, (RHD at x = 0) = lim lim = lim
2
1 .
x 0 x 0 h 0 h h 0 h 2
eh
So, f (x ) is not differentiable at x 0 , Hence, the points of differentiability of f (x )
are (,0 ) (0 , ) .
Example: 6 The function f ( x ) e | x| is
(A) Continuous everywhere but not differentiable at x 0
(B) Continuous and differentiable everywhere
(C) Not continuous at x 0
(D) None of these
e x , x 0
Solution: (A) We have, f (x ) x
e , x 0
Clearly, f (x ) is continuous and differentiable for all non-zero x.
Now, lim f ( x ) lim e x = 1 and lim f ( x ) lim e x 1
x 0 x 0 x 0 x 0
0
Also, f (0) e 1
So, f (x ) is continuous for all x.
d
(LHD at x 0 )= (e x ) [e x ] x 0 e 0 1
dx x 0
d x
(RHD at x 0 )= (e ) [e x ] x 0 1
dx x 0
So, f (x ) is not differentiable at x 0 .
Hence, f ( x ) e | x| is everywhere continuous but not differentiable at x 0. This
fact is also evident from the graph of the function.
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 91
Example: 7 If f (x ) 1 1 x 2 , then f (x ) is
(A) Continuous on [–1, 1] and differentiable on (–1, 1)
(B) Continuous on [–1,1] and differentiable on (–1, 0) (0, 1)
(C) Continuous and differentiable on [–1, 1]
(D) None of these
Solution: (B) We have, f (x ) 1 1 x 2 . The domain of definition of f (x ) is [–1, 1].
1 x
For x 0 , x 1, x 1 we have f ' (x )
1 1 x2 1 x2
Since f (x ) is not defined on the right side of x 1 and on the left side of x 1 .
Also, f ' (x ) when x 1 or x 1 . So, we check the differentiability at x = 0.
f ( x ) f (0) f (0 h) f (0)
Now, (LHD at x 0 )= lim lim
x 0 x 0 h 0 h
1 1 h2 0 1 {1 (1 / 2)h 2 (3 / 8 )h 4 ....} 1 3 2 1
= lim lim = lim h .....
h 0 h h 0 h h 0 2 8 2
1
Similarly, (RHD at x = 0) =
2
Hence, f (x ) is not differentiable at x = 0.
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
92 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
APPLICATION PART # 01: TOPIC–WISE SHEETS
SHEET # 01: GENERAL INTRODUCTION OF LIMITS, VARIOUS INDERMINATE
FORMS, FUNDAMENTAL THEOREMS ON LIMITS
(2x 3)( x 1)
1. lim
x 1 2x 2 x 3
(A) –1/10 (B) 1/10 (C) –1/8 (D) None of these
xh x
2. lim
h 0 h
1 1
(A) (B) (C) 2 x (D) x
2 x x
x 1
3. lim
x 1 2x 2 7 x 5
(A) 1/3 (B) 1/11 (C) –1/3 (D) None of these
( x 2)5 /3 (a 2)5/3
4. lim
x a x a
(A) 5 (a 2)2 / 3 (B) 5
(a 2)5 / 3 (C) 5 2/ 3
a (D) 5 5/ 3
a
3 3 3 3
3x a x a
5. lim
x a x a
(A) 2a (B) 1 / 2a (C) 2a (D) 1 / 2a
x n 2n
6. If lim 80 , where n is a positive integer, then n
x 2 x2
(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 2 (D) None of these
(1 x )5 1
7. lim
x 0 (1 x )3 1
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 5/3 (D) 3/5
8. lim[ x ]
x 1
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) Does not exist (D) None of these
f ( r h ) f (r )
9. If f (r ) r 2 , then lim
h 0 h
(A) r 2 (B) 2 r (C) 2 (D) 2 r 2
(1 x )1/2 (1 x )1/2
10. lim
x 0 x
(A) 0 (B) 1/2 (C) 1 (D) –1
a 2x 3 x
11. lim
x a
3a x 2 x
1 2 2 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 3 3 3
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 93
x 4 81
12. The value of lim is -
x 3
x3
(A) –27 (B) 108 (C) undefined (D) None of these
1 x 1/3
13. lim equals-
x1 1 x 2/3
(A) 1/3 (B) 1/2 (C) 2/3 (D) – 2/3
1 x 1 x
14. lim
x 0
equals-
1 x 2 1 x 2
(A) 1 (B) 1/2 (C) 0 (D) Does not exist
3 5 x
15. lim
x 4
equals-
1 5 x
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 1/3 (D) –1/3
SHEET # 02: VARIOUS METHODS TO SOLVE LIMITS, PROBLEMS ON LIMITS
tan kx
1. If lim = 3, then the value of k is-
x 0 sin5x
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 15
1 3
2. lim equals-
x1 1 x
1 x 3
(A) 0 (B) – 1 (C) –2 (D) 1/3
2x 3 4 x 7
3. The value of x
lim is-
3x 3 5x 2 4
(A) 2/3 (B) –7/4 (C) –4/5 (D) .
3n 2 1 2n2 1
4. The value of lim is-
n 4n 3
1
(A) ( 3 – 2 ) (B) 1 ( 3 + 2 ) (C) ( 3 – 2 ) (D) None of these
4 4
(2x 3)(3 x 4)
5. lim =
x (4 x 5)(5 x 6)
(A) 0 (B) 1/10 (C) 1/5 (D) 3/10
( n 2)! ( n 3)!
6. lim equals-
n (n 4)!
(A) 0 (B) (C) 1 (D) None of these
1 2 3 n
7. lim 2 2 2 ..... 2 equals-
n
n n n n
(A) 0 (B) 1/2 (C) 2n (D) 2n
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
94 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
1 8 n3
8. The value of lim 4
4
..... is -
n
1 n 1 n 1 n4
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) –1/4 (D) None of these
1 cos{2( x 2)}
9. lim
x2
x2
1
(A) does not exist (B) equals 2 (C) equals 2 (D) equals
2
(1 cos 2x )(3 cos x )
10. lim is equal to –
x 0 x tan 4 x
(C) – 1 1
(A) 1 (B) 2 (D)
4 2
x2 x 1
11. If lim ax b = 4, then
x
x 1
(A) a = 1, b = 4 (B) a = 1, b = – 4 (C) a = 2, b = –3 (D) a = 2, b = 3
2 x 3 2(2x 1)
12. If f (x) = , g (x) = and h (x) = – then lim (f(x) + g(x) +h(x)) is-
x 3 x4 x 2 x 12 x 3
(A) –2 (B) –1 (C) – 2 (D) 0
7
13. lim (x + (x– [x])2) equals– where [x] represent greatest integer function.
x 2
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
G( x ) G(1)
14. If G (x) = – 25 x 2 , then lim equals -
x1 x 1
(A) 1/24 (B) 1/5 (C) – 24 (D) None of these
15. If f is a odd function and lim f(x)
x 0
exists then lim
x 0
f(x) equals-
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) –1 (D) None of these
SHEET # 03: PROBLEMS ON LIMITS, PROBLEMS ON LHL AND RHL
2
If f(x) = x 2, x 1
1. , then Lim f(x) equals -
1, x 1
2 x x 1
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) Does not exist
1 e 1/ x
2. lim is equal to -
x0 1 e1/ x
(A) 1 (B) –1 (C) 0 (D) Does not exist
x 3
3. lim , is equal to -
x3 | x 3|
(A) 1 (B) –1 (C) 0 (D) Does not exist
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 95
x | x |
4. If f(x) = , then lim f(x) equals-
x x0
(A) 2 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) Does not exist
4 x, x 0
5. If f(x) = 1, x 0 , then lim
x0
f(x) equals-
3 x 2, x 0
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) Does not exist
1, x 1
x 3, 1 x 1
6. If f(x) = then-
1 x , 1 x 2
3 x 2 , x2
(A) f(x) = 1 (B) lim f(x) =1 (C) lim f(x) = –1 (D) lim f(x) = 0
x 1 x 2 x 2
1
7. lim sin equals-
x0 x
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) (D) Does not exist
8. lim x sin 1 equals-
x0 x
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) (D) None of these
x, x 0
9. If f (x) = 1, x 0 then, lim f(x)
x0
-
x 2, x 0
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) does not exist
10. lim
x 3/ 2
x – [x] equals -
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 1/2 (D) 3/2
f (x) 3
11. If f(x) = x and f'(x) = 4, then lim
x9
is equal to -
x 3
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 9
sin x º
12. lim is equal to -
x0 x
(A) 1 (B) (C) x (D) /180
x(2x 1)
13. lim
x 0 1 cos x
equals -
(A) 0 (B) log 2 (C) 2 log 2 (D) None of these
a x
14. The value of lim cot is -
x0
x a
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) a (D) a/3
2x 1
15. lim equals -
x0
(1 x ) 1
(A) log 2 (B) 2 log 2 (C) 1/2 log 2 (D) 2
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
96 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
SHEET # 04: TRIGONOMETRICAL LIMITS, EXPONENTIAL LIMITS,
LOGARITHMIC LIMITS, OTHER STANDARD LIMITS
1 sin3 x
1. The value of lim is-
x /2 cos2 x
(A) – 3 3
(B) (C) 1 (D) 0
2 2
2 1 cos x
2. lim equals-
x0 sin2 x
2
(A) 2 (B) (C) 0 (D) None of these
8
acot x a cos x
3. lim
x /2 cot x cos x
(A) loga (B) log2 (C) a (D) log x
cot 2 3
4. lim
/6 cosec 2
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 0
( x y ) sec( x y ) x sec x
5. lim
y 0 y
(A) sec x( x tan x 1) (B) x tan x sec x (C) x sec x tan x (D) None of these
sin3 sin
6. lim
0 sin
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 1/3 (D) 3/2
ax bx
7. lim
x 0
x
b a a
(A) log (B) log (C) (D) log a b
a b b
1 log(1 x )
8. lim
x 0 x x2 =
(A) 1/2 (B) –1/2 (C) 1 (D) –1
x.2x x
9. lim
x 0 1 cos x
(A) 0 (B) log4 (C) log2 (D) None of these
e x e x
10. lim
x 0 x
1
(A) (B) (C) 2 2 (D)
log(a x ) log a log x 1
11. lim k lim 1, then
x 0 x x e x e
(A) k e 1 1 (B) k e(1 a)
a
(C) k e(2 a) (D) equality is not possible
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 97
5 cos 2 sin
12. lim
0 3 tan
(A) 3 3
(B) (C) 0 (D) None of these
4 4
cos x cos a
13. lim
cot x cot a
x a
(A) 1 sin3 a 1
(B) cosec 2a (C) sin3 a (D) cosec 3a
2 2
2 3 sin h cos h
6 6
14. lim
h 0
3h( 3 cos h sin h)
(A) 2 (B) 3 4
(C) 2 3 (D)
3 4 3
cos ax cos bx
15. lim
x 0 x2
2 2
b2 a2
(A) a b (B) (C) a2 b2 (D) b 2 a2
2 2
SHEET # 05: 1 RAISED TO INFINITY INDETERMINANT FORM
1/ x
log(1 x )
1. lim equals-
x0
x
(A) e (B) e 1 (C) e2 (D) e 1/ 2 .
2. lim [1
x0
+ tanx]cot x equals -
(A) 1 (B) e (C) e 1 (D) None of these
3. lim
x0
(1+ x)1/x equals-
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) e (D) 1/e
1/ x
1 x
4. lim equals-
x0
1 x
(A) e (B) e2 (C) 1/e (D) 1/ e 2 .
c dn
1
5. If a,b,c,d are positive real numbers, then lim 1 is equal to -
n
a bn
e
c d / a b
(A) ed /b (B) ec /a (C) (D) e
x
a
6. lim 1 equals-
x
x
(A) ax (B) e (C) a (D) ea .
x 3
4
7. lim 1
x =
x 1
(A) e2 (B) e (C) e4 (D) e3 .
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
98 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
1/ x
x x x x
8. lim 1 2 3 ...... n is equal to–
x0 n
n 1/ n
(A) n ! (B) n ! (C) n ! (D) n n ! .
2x
a b
9. If lim 1 2
x
= e2 , then the values of a and b, are-
x x
(A) a R, b R (B) a 1, b R (C) a R, b 2 (D) a = 1 and b = 2
cosec x
1 tan x
10. lim
x 0 1 sin x
is equal to –
1
(A) e (B) (C) 1 (D) None of these
e
2/ x
ax bx c x
11. The value of lim ; (a, b, c 0) is
x0
3
(A) (abc )3 (B) abc (C) (abc )1/3 (D) None of these
12. lim
x /2
(sec x) cot x equals-
(A) e (B) 1/e (C) 1 (D) None of these
13. The value of lim
x0
(cosec x)1/log x is -
(A) 1 (B) –1 (C) e (D) 1/e
14. The value of xlim
/ 4
(tan x) tan 2x is-
(A) e (B) e 1 (C) 0 (D) –1
2x
x
15. If f(x) = , then-
2 x
(A) lim f x e 6 (B) lim f x 2 (C) lim f x e 3 (D) lim f x e 4 .
x x x x
SHEET # 06: EXPANSION OF FUNCTIONS, 4 SPECIAL LIMITS
xe x log(1 x )
1. lim equals -
x0 x2
(A) 1/2 (B) 1 (C) 3/2 (D) 2
1 1
2. The value of lim 2 is -
x0
x sin x
(A) –1/2 (B) 1/2 (C) –1/3 (D) 1/3
1/ x 2
tan x
3. lim is equal to -
x0
x
(A) e3 (B) e1/3 (C) 1 (D) e
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 99
e x e x
4. lim equals-
x0 sin x sin x
(A) 0 (B) (C) –1 (D) 1
x cos x sin x
5. lim equals-
x0 x 2 cos x
(A) 1/3 (B) 0 (C) 3 (D) –3
1 sin x cos x log(1 x )
6. lim equals-
x0 x3
(A) 1/2 (B) – 1/2 (C) 0 (D) None of these
sin1 x tan1 x
7. lim equals-
x0 x3
(A) 1 (B) –1 (C) 1/2 (D) –3/2
lim e x e x 2 cos x
8. x0
equals-
x sin x
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) –1 (D) –2
(1 x )1/ x e
9. lim equals-
x0 x
(A) e (B) e/2 (C) –e (D) –e/2
x tan x
10. lim equals-
x0 (e x 1)3 /2
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 1/2 (D) 2
2
log(1 kx )
11. The value of lim is -
x0 1 cos x
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) k (D) 2k
cot px
12. The value of lim is-
x0 cot qx
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) q/p (D) p/q
x 2 tan1/ x
13. lim
x–
is equal to -
8x 2 7x 1
1 1 1
(A) – (B) (C) (D) Does not exist
2 2 2 2 2
sin2 x
14. lim equals-
x0 x cos x
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 0 (D) 1/2
1 cos x 2
15. lim equals-
x0 1 cos x
(A) 2 (B) 1/ 2 (C) 1 (D) None of these
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
100 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
SHEET # 07: L HOSPITAL RULE, SANDWICH THEOREM
1. lim
x0
x log x equals-
(A) e (B) 1/e (C) 1 (D) 0
x m am
2. lim equals-
x a x n an
m m n n n m
(A) m/n (B) 0 (C) a (D) a
n m
3. lim
x /2
tan x log sin x equals-
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) –1 (D) None of these
4. lim
n
n[a1/n–1] equals-
(A) a (B) logea (C) 1 (D) None of these
1 f ( x ) f (3)
5. Let f(x) = , then the value of lim is-
18 x 2 x3 x 3
(A) 0 (B) –1/9 (C) –1/3 (D) None of these
a x xa
6. The value of lim = – 1, then a equals-
x a x x aa
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) e (D) –1
(16 5x )1/4 2
7. The value of lim is-
x0 (32 3 x )1/5 2
(A) 4/5 (B) 25/6 (C) 3/8 (D) None of these
(1 sin x )1/3 (1 sin x )1/3
8. lim equals-
x0 x
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2/3 (D) 1/3
( x h )1/ 3 x 1/3
9. lim equals-
h 0
h
1 2/3 1 2/3 1 1/3
(A) x (B) x (C) x (D) 3x 2 / 3 .
3 3 3
x x 2 ..... x n n
10. lim equals –
x1 x 1
n2 n n 1
(A) n (B) 0 (C) (D) .
2 2
11. The value of lim x tan x / 2 sec x is
x / 2
–
(A) –1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) None of these
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 101
1 1
12. The value of lim 1/ 3
is-
h 0
h(8 h) 2h
(A) 1/12 (B) –4/3 (C) –16/3 (D) –1/48
1 sin x
13. lim
x /2
2 equals-
x 2
1
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) (D) – 1
2 2
x
cos
14. The value of lim 2 is-
x1
1 x
(A) 0 (B) /2 (C) 1 (D) .
15. The value of lim sec log x is-
x1 2x
(A) /2 (B) 2/ (C) / 2 (D) 2 / .
SHEET # 08: INTRODUCTION OF CONTINUITY, EXISTENCE OF CONTUINUITY
1 x, when x 2
1. Function f(x) = ; is continuous at x = 2, if f(2) equals -
5 x, when x 2
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
1
x cos , x 0
2. If f(x) = x is continuous at x = 0, then
k x 0
(A) k > 0 (B) k < 0 (C) k = 0 (D) k 0.
3. If f ( x ) | x 2 | , then
(A) xlim 2
f (x) 0 (B) lim f ( x ) 0
x 2
(C) lim f ( x ) lim f ( x )
x 2 x 2
(D) f ( x ) is continuous at x2
k cos x
2 x , when x 2
4. If the function f (x) be continuous at x , then k =
3, 2
when x
2
(A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 12 (D) None of these
x 3 x 2 16 x 20
,if x 2
5. Let f (x ) ( x 2)2 . If f (x) be continuous for all x, then k =
k, if x 2
(A) 7 (B) –7 (C) 7 (D) None of these
x 1
6. The points at which the function f (x ) 2
is discontinuous, are
x x 12
(A) –3, 4 (B) 3, –4 (C) –1,–3, 4 (D) –1, 3, 4
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
102 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
|x|
7. The function f ( x ) | x | is
x
(A) Continuous at the origin
(B) Discontinuous at the origin because |x| is discontinuous there
|x|
(C) Discontinuous at the origin because is discontinuous there
x
|x|
(D) Discontinuous at the origin because both |x| and are discontinuous there
x
8. Which of the following statements is true for graph f ( x ) log x
(A) Graph shows that function is continuous
(B) Graph shows that function is discontinuous
(C) Graph finds for negative and positive values of x
(D) Graph is symmetric along x-axis
x
9. At which points the function f (x) , where [.] is greatest integer function, is
[x]
discontinuous
(A) Only positive integers
(B) All positive and negative integers and (0, 1)
(C) All rational numbers
(D) None of these
10. If f(x) = |x – b|, then function
(A) is continuous at x = 1 (B) is continuous at x = b
(C) is discontinuous at x = b (D) None of these
(27 2 x )1/3 3
11. The value of f (0) , so that the function f (x ) ,( x 0) is continuous, is given
9 3(243 5 x )1/5
by
(A) 2/3 (B) 6 (C) 2 (D) 4
x 2 10 x 25
12. If f (x) for x 5 and f is continuous at x 5, then f (5)
x 2 7 x 10
(A) 0 (B) 5 (C) 10 (D) 25
13. In order that the function f ( x ) ( x 1)cot x is continuous at x 0 , f (0) must be defined as
1
(A) f (0) (B) f (0) 0 (C) f (0) e (D) None of these
e
14. The function f ( x) sin | x | is
(A) Continuous for all x (B) Continuous only at certain points
(C) Differentiable at all points (D) None of these
15. If f(x) = |x|, then f(x) is
(A) Continuous for all x (B) Differentiable at x = 0
(C) Neither continuous nor differentiable at x = 0
(D) None of these
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 103
SHEET # 09: CONTINUITY IN OPEN AND CLOSED INTERVAL
1 px 1 px
, 1 x 0
1. If f(x) = x is continuous in the interval [–1,1] then p equals -
2x 1
, 0 x 1
x2
(A) –1 (B) 1 (C) 1/2 (D) –1/2
x2
, 0 x 1
a
2. If f(x) = a, 1 x 2 is continuous in the interval 0, , then values of a
2
(2b 4b) , 2x
x2
and b are respectively -
(A) 1, –1 (B) –1, 1+ 2 (C) –1, 1 (D) None of these
3. Which of the following function is not continuous in the interval 0, .
3
1, 0 x
1 4
(A) x sin (B) (C) tan x (D) None of these
x 2 sin 2 x 3
, x
9 4
4. Graph of a function f(x) is given. Which of the following statements is not correct :
y
5
3
2
x
1 3
(A) f(x) is continuous on (1, 3) (B) f(x) is continuous on (1, 3]
(C) f(x) is continuous on [1, 3] (D) none of these
2
x , when x 1
5. If f (x) then
2, when x 1
(A) lim f ( x ) 2
x 1
(B) f ( x ) is continuous at x 1
(C) f ( x ) is discontinuous at x 1 (D) None of these
1 x, when x 2
6. If f ( x) , then
5 x, when x 2
(A) f ( x ) is continuous at x 2 (B) f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 0
(C) f ( x ) is continuous at x 3 (D) None of these
3
1, when 0 x
4
7. If f ( x ) , then
2 sin 2 x, when 3 x
9 4
(A) f ( x ) is continuous at x0 (B) f ( x ) is continuous at x
3 3
(C) f ( x ) is continuous at x (D) f ( x ) is discontinuous at x
4 4
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
104 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
x sin x, when 0 x
2
8. If f (x) , then
sin( x ),when x
2 2
(A) f ( x ) is discontinuous at x / 2 (B) f ( x ) is continuous at x /2
(C) f ( x ) is continuous at x 0 (D) None of these
1 cos 4 x
, when x 0
x2
9. If f (x) a, when x 0 , is continuous at x 0, then the value of 'a' will be
x
, when x 0
(16 x ) 4
(A) 8 (B) –8 (C) 4 (D) None of these
ax 2 b, when 0 x 1
10. If f (x) 2, when x 1 is continuous at x 1, then the most suitable value of a, b
x 1, when1 x 2
are
(A) a 2, b 0 (B) a 1, b 1 (C) a 4, b 2 (D) All the above
x | x |
, when x 0
11. If f (x) x , then
2, when x 0
(A) f ( x ) is continuous at x0 (B) f(x) is discontinuous at x0
(C) lim f ( x ) 2
x 0
(D) None of these
12. If the function
1 sin 2 x for x 1
f(x) = ax b for 1 x 3 is continuous in the interval , 6 , then the value of a and b
x
6 tan for 3 x 6
12
are respectively -
(A) 0, 2 (B) 1, 1 (C) 2, 0 (D) 2, 1
2 1
x sin , when x 0
13. If f ( x) x , then
0, when x 0
(A)
f 0 (B)
f 0
(C) f is continuous at x 0 (D) None of these
14. The value of k so that the function
2
k (2 x x ), when x 0
f (x ) is continuous at x 0 , is
cos x, when x 0
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) None of these
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 105
x
, when x 0
15. If f ( x ) e1/ x 1 , then
0, when x 0
(A) lim f ( x ) 1
x 0
(B) lim f ( x ) 1
x 0
(C) f ( x ) is continuous at x 0 (D) None of these
SHEET # 10: TYPES OF DISCONTINUITIES
1. The function f is defined in [-5, 5] as f(x) = x, if x is rational and f(x) = – x, if x is
irrational. Then:
(A) f(x) is continuous at every x, except x = 0
(B) f (x) is discontinuous at every x, except x = 0
(C) f (x) is continuous everywhere
(D) f(x) is discontinuous everywhere
2. If f(x) = [x], where [x] = greatest integer, then at x = 1, f is–
(A) Continuous (B) left continuous (C) right continuous (D) None of these
3. If f(x) = x – [x], then f is discontinuous at –
(A) every natural number (B) every integer
(C) origin (D) Nowhere
x3 1
4. Function f(x) = 2
is discontinuous at -
x 3x 2
(A) x = 1 (B) x = 2 (C) x = 1, 2 (D) No where
4 x 1/ x
5. For function f(x) = 1 5 , x 0 , the correct statement is-
e4 /5 , x 0
(A)
f 0 and f 0 do not exist (B)
f 0 f 0
(C) f(x) continuous at x = 0 (D) lim f x f 0
x 0
4 x2
6. The function ƒ(x) = is equal to -
4x x 3
(A) discontinuous at only one point (B) discontinuous exactly at two points
(C) discontinuous exactly at three points (D) none of these
1 tan x
7. If f(x) = , x , x 0, , and f(x) is continuous in 0, 2 , then f() is:
4x x 2
1 1
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D) –1
2 2
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
106 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
x 2 3, 2 x 3
8. If f (x ) , the equation whose roots are lim f ( x ) and lim f ( x ) is
2 x 5, 3 x 4 x 3 x3
(A) 2
x 7x 3 0 (B) 2
x 20 x 66 0 (C) 2
x 17 x 66 0 (D) x 2 18 x 60 0
x 1, x 0
1
9. If f (x ) ,x0 , then
4
x 2, x 0
(A) lim f ( x ) 1
x 0
(B) lim f ( x ) 1
x 0
(C) f ( x ) is continuous at x 0 (D) None of these
sin[ x ]
, for x 0
[x] 1
cos 2 [ x ]
10. If f ( x) , for x 0 ; where [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x,
[x]
k , at x 0
then in order that f be continuous at x 0 , the value of k is
(A) Equal to 0 (B) Equal to 1 (C) Equal to –1 (D) Indeterminate
x 2 , 1 x 2
11. The function f ( x ) 4 , x 2 is continuous at
3 x 2 , x 2
(A) x2 only (B) x2 (C) x2 (D) None of these
5x 4 , if 0 x 1
12. If the function f (x) 2 is continuous at every point of its domain,
4 x 3bx , if 1 x 2
then the value of b is
(A) – 1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) None of these
2 sin x, x
2
13. The values of A and B such that the function f ( x ) A sin x B, x , is continuous
2 2
cos x, x
2
everywhere are
(A) A 0, B 1 (B) A 1, B 1 (C) A 1, B 1 (D) A 1, B 0
x 2 10 x 25
14. If f (x) for x 5 and f is continuous at x 5, then f (5)
x 2 7 x 10
(A) 0 (B) 5 (C) 10 (D) 25
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 107
SHEET # 11: THEOREMS ON CONTINUITY, PROBLEMS ON CONTINUITY
1. If function f x x x x 2 , 1 x 1 then f is-
(A) continuous at x = 0 (B) continuous at x = 1
(C) continuous at x = –1 (D) everywhere continuous
2. f(x) = 1+ 21/x is-
(A) continuous everywhere (B) continuous nowhere
(C) discontinuous at x = 0 (D) None of these
3. Let [.] denotes G.I.F. and f(x) = [x] + [–x] and m is any integer, then correct statement is-
(A) xlimm
f(x) does not exist (B) f(x) is continuous at x = m
(C) lim
x m
f(x) exists (D) None of these
4. If f x tan x cot 1/ x is continuous at x , then the value of f is -
(A) e 2 sin 2 (B) e 2 cos ec 2 (C) ecos ec 2 (D) e sin 2
5. Let [.] denotes G.I.F. for the function f(x) = tan( [ x 2 ]) the wrong statement is -
1 [ x]
(A) f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0 (B) f(x) is continuous for all values of x
(C) f(x) is continuous at x = 0 (D) f(x) is a constant function
1 cos 5 x
6. The point of discontinuity of the function f(x) = is-
1 cos 4 x
(A) x = 0 (B) x (C) x /2 (D) All the above
1 sin x 1 sin x
7. Let f(x) = . The value which should be assigned to f at x = 0 so that it is
x
continuous everywhere is-
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) –2 (D) 1/2
8. If the function
sin (k 1) x sin x
, when x 0
x
f(x) = 1/ 2 , when x 0 is continuous at x = 0, then the value of k is-
x 1
, whenx 0
2
(A) 1/2 (B) –1/2 (C) –3/2 (D) 1
1
x tan (1/ x ), x 0
9. Function f(x) = at x = 0 is-
0, x 0
(A) discontinuous (B) continuous (C) differentiable (D) None of these
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
108 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
cos x sin x
10. Function f(x) = is not defined at x = . The value which should be assigned
sin 4 x 4
to f at x = , so that it is continuous there, is-
4
1 1
(A) 0 (B) (C) – (D) None
2 2 2
e1/ x e 1/ x
11. If f(x) = x e1/ x e1/ x , x 0 , then correct statement is-
0 , x 0
(A) f is continuous at all points except x = 0
(B) f is continuous at every point but not differentiable
(C) f is differentiable at every point
(D) f is differentiable only at the origin
12. If f(x) is continuous function and g(x) is discontinuous function, then correct statement is
-
(A) f(x) + g(x) is a continuous function (B) f(x) – g(x) is a continuous function
(C) f(x) + g(x) is a discontinuous function (D) f(x) g(x) is a continuous function
13. If function is f x x x 1 x 2 , then it is –
(A) discontinuous at x = 0 (B) discontinuous at x = 0, 1
(C) discontinuous at x = 0, 1, 2 (D) everywhere continuous
14. Function f(x) = |x–2| –2| x–4| is discontinuous at
(A) x = 2, 4 (B) x = 2 (C) Nowhere (D) Except x = 2, 4
15. Function f x sin x cos x x is discontinuous at-
(A) x = 0 (B) x /2 (C) x (D) No where
SHEET # 12: INTRODUCTION OF DERIVATIVE, EXISTENCE OF DERIVATIVE
1. Which of the following statements is true
(A) A continuous function is an increasing function
(B) An increasing function is continuous
(C) A continuous function is differentiable
(D) A differentiable function is continuous
x 1, when x 2
2. If f x , then f ' 2 equals
2 x 1, when x 2
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) Does not exist
3. If f x x 3 then f is
(A) Discontinuous at x = 2 (B) Not differentiable x = 2.
(C) Differentiable at x = 3
(D) Continuous but not differentiable at x = 3
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 109
4. The function f(x) = | x | at x = 0 is
(A) Continuous but non-differentiable (B) Discontinuous and differentiable
(C) Discontinuous and non-differentiable (D) Continuous and differentiable
5. The function = |sin x| is continuous for any x but it is not differentiable at
(A) x 0 only (B) x only
(C) x k (k is an odd integer) only (D) x0 and x k (k is an integer)
0, x 0
6. Let f x 2
, then for all values of x.
x , x 0
(A) f is continuous but not differentiable
(B) f is differentiable but not continuous
(C) f ' is continuous but not differentiable
(D) f ' is continuous and differentiable
7. Which of the following is not true
(A) A polynomial function is always continuous
(B) A continuous function is always differentiable
(C) A differentiable function is always continuous
(D) e x is continuous for all x
If f x x 2 2 x 4 and f ' c then value of c will be
f 5 f 1
8.
5 1
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
1
9. Suppose f x is differentiable at x 1 and lim f 1 h 5 ,
h 0 h
then f ' 1 equals
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 3 (D) 4
10. Which of the following functions is not differentiable at x = 0-
(A) x x (B) x 3 (C) e x (D) x x .
11. Which of the following is differentiable function-
1
(A) x 2 sin (B) xx (C) cos x (D) all above
x
12. Function [x] is not differentiable at -
(A) every rational number (B) every integer
(C) origin (D) every where
13. Function f x x 1 x 2 is differentiable in [0, 3], except at-
(A) x = 0 and x = 3 (B) x = 1 (C) x = 2 (D) x = 1 and x = 2
14. Which of the following function is not differentiable at x = 1
(A) sin–1 x (B) tan x (C) ax (D) sin x
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
110 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
1
x sin , x 0
15. Let g x x.f x where f x x at x 0 .
0, x 0
(A) g is differentiable but g' is not continuous
(B) g is not differentiable while f is differentiable
(C) Both f and g are differentiable
(D) g is differentiable and g' is continuous
SHEET # 13: DERIVATIVE IN OPEN AND CLOSED INTERVAL
x, if 0 x 1
1. The function f x is:
1, if 1 x 2
(A) Continuous at all x and differentiable at all x, except x = 1 in the interval [0, 2]
(B) Continuous and differentiable at all x in [0, 2]
(C) Not continuous at any point in [0, 2]
(D) Not differentiable at any point [0, 2]
2. Let x denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x. If f x x sin x , then f x is
(A) Continuous at x = 0 (B) Continuous in (1,0 )
(C) Differentiable in (–1,1) (D) All the above
3. f x sin x cos x , x 0, 2 ,where denotes the greatest integer function. Total
number points where f x is not differentiable is equal to
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5.
1
4. Suppose f(x) is differentiable at x = 1 and lim f(1 + h) = 5, then f '(1) equals:
h 0 h
(A) 6 (B) 5 (C) 4 (D) 3
5. Function f(x) = | x – 2 | is:
(A) Continuous and differentiable in (0, 3)
(B) Continuous and differentiable in [0, 3]
(C) Continuous and differentiable in (0, 3) except at x = 2
(D) Continuous in (0, 3) and differentiable in [0, 3] – {2}
6. Function f(x) = | x – 1| + | x – 2 | is differentiable in [0, 3] except at
(A) x = 0 and x = 3 (B) x = 1 (C) x = 2 (D) x = 1 and x = 2.
x
7. The set of all those points, where the function f x is differentiable, is
1 x
(A) ( , ) (B) [0, ) (C) (, 0) (0, ) (D) (0 , )
8. The number of points at which the function f x x 0.5 x 1 tan x does not have a
derivative in the interval (0, 2), is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 111
x 3 , when x 1
9. If f x x 2
3 x 13 , then
, when x 1
4 2 4
correct statement is-
(A) f is discontinuous at x = 1 (B) f is discontinuous at x = 3
(C) f is differentiable at x = 1 (D) f is differentiable at x = 3
1, when x 0
10. If f x , then at x = 0, f'(x) equals-
1 sin x, when 0 x / 2
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) (D) Does not exist
e x x0
11. If f x , then f(x) is-
1 x , x 0
(A) continuous at x = 0 (B) differentiable at x = 0
(C) differentiable at x = 1 (D) differentiable both at x = 0 and 1
x 2, x 0
12. Function f x 1, 0 x 1 is–
1/ x, x 1
(A) differentiable at x = 0, 1 (B) differentiable only at x = 0
(C) differentiable at only x = 1 (D) Not differentiable at x = 0, 1
1
( x 1)sin , if x 1 . Then which one of the following is true?
13. Let f(x) = x 1
0, if x 1
(A) f is neither differentiable at x = 0 nor at x =1
(B) f is differentiable at x = 0 and at x = 1
(C) f is differentiable at x = 0 but not at x = 1
(D) f is differentiable at x = 1 but not at x = 0
14. Let f x max 2 sin x,1 cos x, x 0, . Then set of points of non-differentiability is -
(A) (B) / 2 (C) cos1 3 / 5 (D) cos1 3 / 5 .
15. If the derivative of the function -
ax 2 b, x 1
ƒ x 2 is everywhere continuous, then
bx ax 4, x 1
(A) a = 2, b =3 (B) a = 3, b = 2 (C) a = –2, b = –3 (D) a = –3, b = –2
SHEET 14: THEOREMS ON DIFFERENTIABILITY, PROBLEMS ON
DIFFERENTIABILITY
1. Let f : (–1, 1) R be a differentiable function with f(0) = –2 and f(0) = 1.
2
Let g x f 2 f x 2 , then g'(0) is:
(A) –4 (B) 0 (C) –2 (D) 4
2. The left-hand derivative of f x x sin x at x k , k is an integer and [x]= greatest integer
x , is
(A) 1k k 1 (B) 1k 1 k 1 (C) 1k k (D) 1k 1 k .
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
112 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
3. The function f x x 2 sin 1 , x 0, f 0 0 at x = 0.
x
(A) Is continuous but not differentiable (B) Is discontinuous
(C) Is having continuous derivative (D) Is continuous and differentiable
x
4. If f x for x R then f ' 0 =
1 x
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
5. The function f x x 2 1 x 2 3x 2 cos x is not differentiable at
(A) –1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2
6. If f x x x x 1 then
(A) f(x) is continuous but non- differentiable at x 0
(B) f (x) is differentiable at x 0
(C) f (x) is not differentiable at x 0
(D) None of these
1
Let f x x 1
x 1 sin , if x 1
7. Then which one of the following is true?
0, if x 1
(A) f is differentiable at x = 0 and at x =1
(B) f is differentiable at x = 0 but not at x = 1
(C) f is differentiable at x = 1 but not at x = 0
(D) f is neither differentiable at x = 0 nor at x = 1
x tan 1 1/ x , x 0
8. Function f x at x = 0 is-
0, x 0
(A) discontinuous (B) continuous (C) differentiable (D) None of these
n e1/ x
x ; x0
9. If f x 1 e1/ x then
0; x 0
(A) if n = 1, function is continuous and differentiable
(B) if n = 2, function is continuous and differentiable
(C) if n = 0, function is discontinuous and differentiable
(D) None of these
2 1
x 1 .cos x ; x 1
10. Let f x x 1 The set of points where f(x) is continuous but not
1 ; x 1
differentiable is
(A) {1} (B) {0, 1} (C) {0} (D) None of these
11. If f(x) is differentiable everywhere, then
(A) |f(x)| is differentiable everywhere (B) f 2 is differentiable everywhere
(C) f| f | is not differentiable everywhere (D) None of these
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 113
12 1
x
12. Let f x e .sin x ; x 0 . Then
0 ; x 0
(A) f(x) is continuous at x = 0 (B) f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0
(C) f(x) is differentiable at x = 0 (D) None of these
13. Which of the following functions are differentiable at 0?
x
(A) cos | x | (B) (C) sin | x | – | x | (D) all
1 x
x4 , for x 1
14. If f x , then
3
2
x / 2 x 3 x 1/ 2 , for x 1
(A) f(x) is continuous at x = 1 and at x = 4 (B) f(x) is differentiable at x = 4
(C) f(x) is continuous and differentiable at x = 1 (D)f(x) is only continuous at x = 1
15. The function f x sin1 cos x is -
(A) discontinuous at x = 0 (B) continuous at x = 0
(C) differentiable at x = 0 (D) none of these
SHEET # 15: DETERMINATION OF DIFFERENTIABLE FUNCTIONS DEFINED BY
SOME FUNCTIONAL RULE
1. Let f x y f x f y and f x x 2g x for all x, y R where g(x) is continuous function.
Then f ' x is equal to -
(A) g'(x) (B) g(x) (C) ƒ(x) (D) none of these
2. Let f x y f x f y for all x, y R Suppose that f 3 3 and f ' 0 11 then f ' 3 is equal
to-
(A) 22 (B) 44 (C) 28 (D) none of these
3. If for all values of x & x; f x y f x .f y and f 5 2, f ' 0 3 , then f ' 5 is-
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6
4. If f is a real-valued differentiable function satisfying f x f y x y 2 , x, y R and f(0) =
0, then f(1) equals-
(A) –1 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D) 1
x y f x f y
5. Let f for all real x and y and f ' 0 1, f 0 1 , then f ' 2 =
2 2
(A) 1/2 (B) 1 (C) – 1 (D) – 1/2
6. Let f :R R be a function such that f x y f x f y , x, y R If f(x) is differentiable at x
= 0, then
(A) f(x) is differentiable only in a finite interval containing zero
(B) f(x) is discontinuous x R .
(C) f '(x) is constant x R
(D) f(x) is differentiable except at finitely many points
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
114 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
7. Let f x y f x f y and f x 1 sin 3x g x where g x is continuous then f ' x is
(A) f x g x (B) 3g 0 (C) f x cos 3 x (D) 3f x g 0 .
8. Let f be a twice differentiable function such that
f " x f x and f ' x g x .
If h(x) [f(x)]2 [g(x)]2 , & h(1) 2 find h(0)
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) None
9. If f x f y f x y for all x, y > 0 and f be differentiable for all x then :
1 xy
f ' 0
(A) f 0 0 (B) f ' 1 0 (C) f 'x (D) f ' x 0 for all x .
1 x 2
x 2, 1 x 3
10. If f x 5, x 3 , then at x 3, f ' x =
8 x, x 3
(A) 1 (B) – 1 (C) 0 (D) Does not exist
x, 0 x 1
11. If f x , then
2 x 1, 1 x
(A) f is discontinuous at x 1
(B) f is differentiable at x 1
(C) f is continuous but not differentiable at x 1
(D) None of these
1, x0
12. If f x then f ' 0 =
1 sin x, 0 x 2
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) (D) Does not exist
ax 2 b; x 0
13. If f x possesses derivative at x = 0, then
x2 ; x0
(A) a 0, b 0 (B) a 0, b 0 (C) a R, b 0 (D) None of these
14. If f x sgn x 3 , then
(A) f is continuous but not derivable at x= 0.
(B) f ' 0 2
(C) f ' 0 1
(D) f is not derivable at x= 0
2x
15. Function y sin1 2
is not differentiable for
1 x
(A) x 1 (B) x 1, 1 (C) x 1 (D) None of these
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APPLICATION PART # 02: PROBLEMS TARGETED TO JEE MAIN
(3 x 1) (2 x 5)
1. lim is equal to
x ( x 3) (3 x 7)
(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) –2 (D) 1
2 x2 3x 4
2. lim is equal to
x 3x 2 3x 4
2
(A) (B) 1 (C) 0 (D)
3
3. lim x x 2 x
x
1 1
(A) (B) 1 (C) (D) 0
2 2
4. Which of the following statement is not correct
(A) lim f ( x) g ( x) lim f ( x ) lim g ( x ) (B) lim f ( x) g ( x) lim f ( x) lim g ( x )
x c xc xc x c x c xc
lim f ( x)
f ( x) x c
(C) lim f ( x).g ( x ) lim f ( x).lim g ( x ) (D) lim
x c x c xc x c g ( x) lim g ( x)
x c
x
5. If lim ( x ) a 3 , a 0 then lim is equal to
x a x a
a
1 1
(A) a 2 (B) 2
(C) (D) a3
a a3
sin / 4
6. The value of lim is
0
1
(A) 0 (B) (C) 1 (D) Not in existence
4
sin(2 x) sin(2 x )
7. lim
x 0 x
(A) sin 2 (B) 2 sin 2 (C) 2 cos 2 (D) 2
1
n n n
8. lim(3 4 )
n
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) (D) e
1 x 1 x
9. True statement for lim is
x 0 2 3x 2 3x
1
(A) Does not exist (B) Lies between 0 and
2
1
(C) Lies between and 1 (D) Greater than 1
2
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
116 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
1/ x
10. lim tan x is equal to
x 0
4
(A) e1 (B) e (C) e2 (D) e
cos(sin x) 1
11. lim
x 0 x2
(A) 1 (B) – 1 (C) 1/2 (D) – ½
x 1
x 3
12. lim =
x x 1
2
(A) e (B) e3 (C) e (D) e1
sin( cos 2 x )
13. lim
x0 x2
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
2
x3
sin x x
14. lim 6
x0
x5
1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these
120 120 20
1
(1 cos 2 x)
15. lim 2
x0 x
(A) 1 (B) – 1 (C) 0 (D) Does not exist
x sin x
16. lim
x cos x
x
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) –1 (D) None of these
x x x x
17. The value of lim cos cos cos ....cos n is
n
2 4 8 2
sin x x
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D) None of these
x sin x
x n sin x n
18. If lim is non zero definite, then n must be
x 0 x sin n x
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) None of these
19. lim (sec x tan x) equals
x /2
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) –1 (D) None of these
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 117
f ( x) 1
20. If f (1) 1 and f (1) 4, then the value of lim is
x 1 x 1
(A) 9 (B) 4 (C) 12 (D) 1
5 x 4 , if 0 x 1
21. If the function f ( x ) 2 is continuous at every point of its domain,
4 x 3bx, if 1 x 2
then the value of b is
(A) –1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) None of these
log(1 2ax) log(1 bx)
,x 0
22. If f ( x) x is continuous at x 0 , then k equals
k , x0
(A) 2a b (B) 2a b (C) b 2a (D) b a
x , x0
23. If f ( x) 1 , x 0 , then true statement is
x2 , x 0
(A) lim f ( x) = 1 (B) lim f ( x) 0
x 0 x0
(C) f ( x) is continuous at x = 0 (D) lim f ( x) does not exist
x 0
xa
24. If f ( x ) is continuous at x = a, then f (a) equals
x a
(A) a (B) 2 a (C) a (D) 2a
x 4 16
, when x 2
25. If f ( x) x 2 then
16 , when x 2
(A) f ( x) is continuous at x 2 (B) f ( x) is discontinuous at x 2
(C) lim f ( x) 16 (D) None of these
x 2
1 x, when x 2
26. If f ( x) then
5 x, when x 2
(A) f (x) is continuous at x = 2 (B) f (x) is discontinuous at x = 2
(C) f (x) is discontinuous at x 0 (D) None of these
1 cos 5 x
27. The point of discontinuity of the function f ( x) = is
1 cos 4 x
(A) x0 (B) x (C) x / 2 (D) All of these
sin x
, x0
28. Let f ( x) 5x . If f ( x) is continuous at x 0, then k =
k , x0
5
(A) (B) (C) 1 (D) 0
5
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118 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
29. If f ( x) is continuous function and g ( x) is discontinuous function, then correct statement
is
(A) f ( x) g ( x) is continuous function (B) f ( x) g ( x) is continuous function
(C) f ( x) g ( x) is discontinuous function (D) f ( x).g ( x) is discontinuous function
1 , when x 1
30. Function f ( x ) x , when -1 x 1 is continuous
1 , when x 1
(A) Only at x 1 (B) Only at x 1
(C) At both x 1 and x 1 (D) Neither at x = 1 nor at x = –1
x , when 0 x 1
31. If f ( x) is continuous at x 1 , then value of k is
k 2 x , when 1 x 2
(A) 1 (B) –1 (C) 3 (D) 2
32. If f ( x) | x b | , then function
(A) Is continuous x (B) Is continuous at x
(C) Is discontinuous at x b (D) None of these
33. In the following discontinuous function is
1 1
(A) sin x (B) x2 (C) (D)
1 2x 1 x2
x 2 , when x 1
34. If f ( x) then
x 5, when x 1
(A) f ( x) is continuous at x 1 (B) f ( x) is discontinuous at x 1
(C) lim f ( x) =1 (D) None of these
x 1
35. Function f ( x) | x | is
(A) Discontinuous at x 0 (B) Discontinuous at x 1
(C) Continuous at all points (D) Discontinuous at all points
1 , x0
36. If f ( x ) then at x 0 , the value of f '( x) is equal to
1 sin x , 0 x / 2
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) (D) Does not exist
37. If f ( x) | x 3 | , then f '(3) equals
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) –1 (D) Does not exist
1
x sin , x 0
38. If f ( x ) x then at x = 0, the function is
0 , x0
(A) Discontinuous (B) Continuous but not differentiable
(C) Both continuous and differentiable (D) None of these
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 119
39. If f ( x) | x 3 | , then f is
(A) Discontinuous at x = 2
(B) Not differentiable at x = 2
(C) Differentiable at x = 3
(D) Continuous but not differentiable at x = 3
x 1 , when x 2
40. If f ( x) , then f '( x) at x 2 equals
2 x 1 , when x 2
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) Does not exist
x 2 sin(1/ x ), when x 0
41. If f ( x ) , then at x 0 , value of f '( x) equals
0 , when x 0
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) (D) Does not exist
f ( x ) f (c )
42. If lim exists finitely, then
x c xc
(A) lim f ( x) f (c) (B) lim f '( x) f '(c)
x c x c
(C) lim f ( x) does not exist (D) lim f ( x) may or may not exist
xc xc
| x 1|
43. If f ( x) , x 1 and f (1) 1 . Then which of the following statement is true
x 1
(A) Continuous for x 1 (B) Discontinuous at x = 1
(C) Differentiable at x = 1 (D) Discontinuous for x >1
44. Let f ( xy) f ( x) f ( y) for all x, y R. If f '(1) 2 and f (4) 4 , then f '(4) equal to
1
(A) 4 (B) 1 (C) (D) 2
2
45. The derivative of f ( x) | x | at x 0 is
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) –1 (D) Does not exist
e x ax, x 0
46. If f ( x) 2
is differentiable at x 0 then (a, b) is
b( x 1) , x 0
(A) (3, 1) (B) (3,1) (C) (3,1) (D) (3, 1)
x 3 1; 1 x
47. At the point x = 1, the function f ( x )
x 1 ; x 1
(A) Continuous and differentiable (B) Continuous and not differentiable
(C) Discontinuous and differentiable (D) Discontinuous and not differentiable
48. The function | x3 | is
(A) Differentiable everywhere
(B) Continuous but not differentiable at x 0
(C) Not a continuous function
(D) A function with range [0, ]
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120 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
49. For the function f ( x) | x 2 5x 6 | the derivative from the right f '(2 ); and the
derivative from left f '(2 ) are respectively
(A) 1, – 1 (B) –1, 1 (C) 0, 2 (D) None of these
50. Let f ( x) be an even function. Then f '( x)
(A) Is an even function (B) Is an odd function
(C) May be even or odd (D) None of these
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 121
APPLICATION PART # 03: JEE MAIN CORNER
1. lim
1 cos 2 x 3 cos x is equal to: [2013]
x0 x tan 4 x
1 1
(A) (B) (C) 1 (D) 2
4 2
sin cos 2 x
2. lim is equal to: [2014]
x 0 x2
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D)
2
3. If f and g are differentiable functions in [0, 1] satisfying f 0 2 g 1 , g 0 0 and
f 1 6 , then for some c ]0,1[: [2014]
(A) 2 f c 3g c (B) f c g c
(C) f c 2g c (D) 2 f c g c
k x 1 ,0 x 3
4. If the function, g x is differentiable, then the value of k + m is:
mx 2 ,3 x 5
[2015]
(A) 2 (B) 16/5 (C) 10/3 (D) 4
5. Let f x be a polynomial of degree four having extreme values at x 1 and x 2. If
f x
lim 1 2 3, then f 2 is equal to : [2015]
x 0
x
(A) 8 (B) 4 (C) 0 (D) 4
2x
lim a 4 3
6. If x 1 2 e , then ‘a’ is equal to [2016]
x x
(A) 2 (B) 3/2 (C) 2/3 (D) 1/2
7. If the function
x, x 1 a
f (x) 1
is differentiable at x= 1, then is equal to: [2016]
a cos (x b), 1 x 2 b
2 2 2
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1 cos 1 (2)
2 2 2
8. If f (x) is a differentiable function in the interval (0, ) such that f (1) = 1 and
2 2
lim t f (x) x f (t) 3
tx 1, for each x > 0, then f is equal to: [2016]
tx 2
13 23 25 31
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 18 9 18
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122 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
2
lim (1 cos 2x)
9. x 0 2x tan x x tan 2 x is [2016]
1 1
(A) –2 (B) (C) (D) 2
2 2
10. Let a, b R, (a 0). If the function f defined as [2016]
2x 2
, 0 x 1
a
f (x) a , 1 x 2
2b2 4b
, 2 x
x 3
is continuous in the interval [0, ), then an ordered pair (a, b) is :
(A) ( 2, 1 3) (B) ( 2, 1 3) (C) ( 2, 1 3) (D) ( 2, 1 3)
1
lim
11. Let p x 0
1 tan 2 x 2x then lop p is equal to: [2016]
1 1
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) (D)
2 4
12. For x R, f (x) | log 2 sin x | and g(x) = f(f(x)), then: [2016]
(A) g is not differentiable at x=0
(B) g’(0) = cos (log 2)
(C) g’ (0) = − cos (log 2)
(D) g is differentiable at x = 0 and g’ (0) = − sin (log 2)
1/ n
lim (n 1) (n 2)......3n
13. n 2n is equal to: [2016]
n
18 27 9
(A) (B) (C) (D) 3 log 3 – 2
e4 e2 e2
lim cot x cos x
14. equals: [2017]
2x
3
x
2
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
16 8 4 24
lim 3x 3
15. x 3
is equal to: [2017]
2x 4 2
1 3 1
(A) 3 (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 123
tan 4x
4 tan 5x
5 , 0x
16. The value of k for which the function f (x) 2 is continuous at
2
k 5, x
2
x , is: [2017]
2
17 2 3 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
20 5 5 5
lim 1a 2a ........ n 1
17. n a 1
for some positive real number, a then
(n 1) [(na 1) (na 2) ..... (na n)] 60
a is equal to: [2017]
15 17
(A) 7 (B) 8 (C) (D)
2 2
lim x tan 2x 2x tan x
18. x 0
equals: [2018]
(1 cos 2x)2
1 1 1
(A) (B) 1 (C) (D)
4 2 2
19. Let f (x) be a polynomial of degree 4 having extreme values at x=1 and x=2.
f (x)
If x lim
0 x 2 1 3
then f(–1) is equal to: [2018]
9 5 3 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2
cox x 1
lim f '(x)
20. If f (x) 2sin x x 2 2x , then x 0 [2018]
x
tan x x 1
(A) does not exist. (B) exists and is equal to 2.
(C) exists and is equal to 0. (D) exists and is equal to −2.
21. Let S {(, ) R R : f (t) (| |e|t| ). sin (2 | t |), t R, is a differentiable function}.
Then S is a subset of: [2018]
(A) R [0, ) (B) [0, ) R (C) R ( , 0) (D) (,0) R
1
lim (27 x) 3 3
22. x 0 2
equals: [2018]
3
9 (27 x)
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 6 6
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
124 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
1 k 1
23. If the function f defined as f (x) 2x , x 0, is continuous at x = 0, then the ordered
x e 1
pair (k, f(0)) is equal to: [2018]
1
(A) (3, 2) (B) (3, 1) (C) (2, 1) (D) , 2
3
24. For each t R, let [t] be the greatest integer less than or equal to t. Then [2018]
lim 1 2 15
x 0 x x x ..... x
(A) is equal to 0. (B) is equal to 15. (C) is equal to 120.
(D) does not exist (in R).
25. Let S {t R : f (x) | x | .(e|x| 1)sin| x | is not differentiable at t}. Then the set S is
equal to: [2018]
(A) (an empty set) (B) {0}
(C) {} (D) {0, }
lim 1 1 y4 2
26. y0 [2019]
y4
1
(A) exists and equals (B) does not exist
2 2
1 1
(C) exists and equals (D) exists and equals
2 2 ( 2 1) 4 2
5, if x 1
a bx, if 1 x 3
27. Let f : R R be a function defined as f (x) [2019]
b 5x, if 3x 5
30, if x5
Then, f is:
(A) continuous if a = – 5 and b = 10
(B) continuous if a = 5 and b = 5
(C) continuous if a = 0 and b = 5
(D) not continuous for any values of a and b
28. Let f x be a polynomial of degree 5 such that x 1 are its critical points. If
f x
lim 2 3 4 , then which one of the following is not true? [2020]
x 0
x
(A) x 1 is a point of minima and x 1 is a point of maxima of f.
(B) f 1 4 f 1 4
(C) x 1 is a point of maxima and x 1 is a point of minimum of f.
(D) f is an odd function.
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 125
1 1 3x
29.
1 1 log e
If the function f defined on , by f x x , when x 0 is
1 2x
3 3
k, when x 0
continuous, then k is equal to __________. [2020]
1
3x 2 2 x2
30. lim 2 is equal to: [2020]
x 0 7 x 2
1 1
(A) (B) e (C) e2 (D) .
e2 e
3x 33 x 12
31. lim is equal to _________. [2020]
x 2 3 x /2 31 x
32. Let S be the set of points where the function, f x 2 x 3 , x R , is not
differentiable. Then f f x is equal to _______. [2020]
kS
sin a 2 x sin x ;
x0
x
33. If f x b; x0 [2020]
1/3
x 3x
2
x1/3
; x0
x 4/3
Is continuous at x 0 , then a 2b is equal to:
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) –2 (D) –1
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
126 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
APPLICATION PART # 04: PROBLEMS TARGETED TO
JEE ADVANCED
SHEET # 01 SINGLE CORRECT OPTION PROBLEMS
1. If both f (x) & g(x) are differentiable functions at x = x0, then the function defined as,
h(x) = Maximum {f(x), g(x)} :
(A) is always differentiable at x = x0
(B) is never differentiable at x = x0
(C) is differentiable at x = x0 when f(x0) g(x0)
(D) cannot be differentiable at x = x0 if f(x0) = g(x0) .
2. If Lim (x3 sin 3x + ax2 + b) exists and is equal to zero then :
x0
9 9
(A) a = 3 & b = (B) a = 3 & b =
2 2
9 9
(C) a = 3 & b = (D) a = 3 & b =
2 2
x
x 1
3. Let l = Lim then {l}where {x}denotes the fractional part function is
x
x 1
(A) 8 – e2 (B) 7 – e2 (C) e2 – 6 (D) e2 – 7
4. For x > 0, let
1 p
, if x
h x q q where p & q > 0 are relatively prime integers
0 , if x is irrational
then which one does not hold good?
(A) h(x) is discontinuous for all x in (0, )
(B) h(x) is continuous for each irrational in (0, )
(C) h(x) is discontinuous for each rational in (0, )
(D) h(x) is not derivable for all x in (0, ) .
5. For a certain value of c, Lim [(x5 + 7x4 + 2)c - x] is finite & non zero. The value of c
x
and the value of the limit is
1 7 7
(A) , (B) 0, 1 (C) 1, (D) none
5 5 5
6. If , are the roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 then
Lim
1 cos ax 2 bx c
equals
x ( x )2
1 2 a2 2 a2 2
(A) 0 (B) ( ) (C) ( ) (D) ( )
2 2 2
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 127
7. Lim
x
3 ( x a ) ( x b) ( x c) x =
ab c
(A) abc (B) (C) abc (D) (abc)1/3
3
x 1 x2
8. Lim x tan 1 cot 1 is
x
x2 x
1 1
(A) – 1 (B) (C) – (D) non existent
2 2
e x cos 2 x x
9. Given f (x) = for x R – {0}
x2
1
f {x} for n x n
2
1
g x f 1 – x for n x n 1 , n I
2
5
otherwise
2
(where {x} denotes fractional part function)
then g (x) is
(A) discontinuous at all integral values of x only
(B) continuous everywhere except for x = 0
1
(C) discontinuous at x = n + ; n I and at some x I
2
(D) continuous everywhere
10. Let the function f, g and h be defined as follows :
1
x sin for 1 x 1 and x 0
f (x) = x
0 for x0
2 1
x sin for 1 x 1 and x 0
g (x) = x
0 for x0
3
h (x) = | x | for – 1 x 1
Which of these functions are differentiable at x = 0?
(A) f and g only (B) f and h only (C) g and h only (D) none
n
n 1
11. Lim sin when Q is equal to
n n 1 n
–
(A) e (B) – (C) e1 – (D) e1 +
n
r
12. Lim
n
n
r 1
2
nr
equals
1 1
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D) 1
3 2
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128 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
2 cos x sin 2 x e cos x 1
13. f (x) = ; g (x) =
( 2 x ) 2 8 x 4
f x for x
2
h x then which of the following holds?
g x for x
2
(A) h is continuous at x =
2
(B) h has an irremovable discontinuity at x =
2
(C) h has a removable discontinuity at x =
2
(D) f = g
2 2
14. Lim
n
n2 n 1 n2 n 1
(n I) where [ ] denotes the greatest integer function
is
1 2 1
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D)
2 3 4
x b, x 0
15. The function g (x) = can be made differentiable at x = 0.
cos x, x 0
(A) if b is equal to zero (B) if b is not equal to zero
(C) if b takes any real value (D) for no value of b
16. If f (x) = sin–1(sin x) ; x R then f is
(A) continuous and differentiable for all x
k I
(B) continuous for all x but not differentiable for all x = (2k + 1) ,
2
(C) neither continuous nor differentiable for x = (2k – 1) ; k I
2
(D) neither continuous nor differentiable for x R [1, 1]
sin x
17. Limit where [ ] denotes greatest integer function , is
x
11
2 cos (3sin x sin 3x )
4
2 4
(A) (B) 1 (C) (D) does not exist
(1 cos x ) (1 cos x) (1 cos x) ......... 1
18. Lim 2
equals
x 0 x
1
(A) 0 (B) (C) 1 (D) 2
2
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 129
x{x} 1 0 x 1
19. Consider the function f (x) = where {x} denotes the fractional
2 {x} 1 x 2
part function. Which one of the following statements is NOT correct?
(A) Lim f ( x) exists (B) f (0) f (2)
x 1
(C) f (x) is continuous in [0, 2] (D) None
x2n 1
20. The function f (x) = Lim is identical with the function
n x 2 n 1
(A) g (x) = sgn(x – 1) (B) h (x) = sgn (tan–1x)
(C) u (x) = sgn( | x | – 1) (D) v (x) = sgn (cot–1x)
21. Which one of the following statement is true?
(A) If Lim f ( x)· g ( x) and Lim f ( x) exist, then Lim g ( x) exists.
xc xc x c
(B) If Lim f ( x)· g ( x) exists, then Lim f ( x) and Lim g ( x) exist.
xc xc x c
(C) If Lim f ( x ) g ( x ) and Lim f ( x) exist, then Lim g ( x) exist.
xc xc x c
(D) If Lim f ( x ) g ( x ) exists, then Lim f ( x) and Lim g ( x) exist.
xc xc x c
22. The functions defined by f(x) = max {x2, (x 1)2, 2x (1 x)}, 0 x 1
(A) is differentiable for all x
(B) is differentiable for all x except at one point
(C) is differentiable for all x except at two points
(D) is not differentiable at more than two points.
23. Which one of the following functions is continuous everywhere in its domain but has
atleast one point where it is not differentiable?
|x|
(A) f (x) = x1/3 (B) f (x) = (C) f (x) = e–x (D) f (x) = tan x
x
2 2 (cos x sin x)3
24. The limiting value of the function f(x) = when x is
1 sin 2 x 4
1 3
(A) 2 (B) (C) 3 2 (D)
2 2
2 x 2 3 x 6
x if x 2
2 21 x
25. Let f (x) = 2
then
x 4 if x 2
x 3x 2
(A) f (2) = 8 f is continuous at x = 2 (B) f (2) = 16 f is continuous at x = 2
(C) f (2–) f (2+) f is discontinuous
(D) f has a removable discontinuity at x = 2
26. If Lim [f ( x) g( x)] 2 and Lim [f ( x) g( x)] 1 , then Lim f ( x)g( x)
xa x a x a
3 3 4
(A) need not exist (B) exist and is (C) exists and is – (D) exists and is
4 4 3
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130 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
sin 2 ( x 3 x 2 x 3)
27. Lim has the value equal to
x 1 1 cos( x 2 4 x 3)
(A) 18 (B) 9/2 (C) 9 (D) none
28. The graph of function f contains the point P (1, 2) and Q(s, r). The equation of the secant
s 2 2s 3
line through P and Q is y = x – 1 – s. The value of f ' (1), is
s 1
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) non existent
2 sin x sin 3 x sin x sin 3 x
29. Consider f(x) = , x for x (0, )
2 sin x sin x sin x sin x
3 3
2
& f = 3 (where [ ] denotes the greatest integer function) then,
2
(A) f is continuous & differentiable at x = /2
(B) f is continuous but not differentiable at x = /2
(C) f is neither continuous nor differentiable at x = /2
(D) none of these
30. Let [x] denote the integral part of x R. g(x) = x [x]. Let f(x) be any continuous
function with f(0) = f(1) then the function h(x) = f(g(x)) :
(A) has finitely many discontinuities (B) is discontinuous at some x = c
(C) is continuous on R (D) is a constant function.
31. If f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y) + | x | y + xy2, x, y R and f ' (0) = 0, then
(A) f need not be differentiable at every non zero x
(B) f is differentiable for all x R
(C) f is twice differentiable at x = 0
(D) none
1
32. Lim (ln x ) x e is
x e
1
(A) ee (B) ee (C) e 2 (D) e 1
12 n 22 (n 1) 32 (n 2) ..... n2 . 1
33. Lim is equal to :
n 13 23 33 ...... n3
1 2 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 2 6
34. Let f be a differentiable function on the open interval (a, b). Which of the following
statements must be true?
I. f is continuous on the closed interval [a, b]
II. f is bounded on the open interval (a, b)
III. If a < a1 < b1 < b, and f (a1) < 0 < f (b1), then there is a number c such that a1< c < b1
and f (c) = 0
(A) I and II only (B) I and III only (C) II and III only (D) only III
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 131
cot 1 x a log a x
35. The value of lim (a > 1) is equal to
x sec 1 a x log x a
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) /2 (D) does not exist
36. Let f (x) = max. {x 2
2 | x | ,| x | } and g (x) = min. { x 2
}
2 | x | ,| x | then
(A) both f (x) and g (x) are non differentiable at 5 points.
(B) f (x) is not differentiable at 5 points whether g (x) is non differentiable at 7 points.
(C) number of points of non differentibility for f (x) and g (x) are 7 and 5 respectively.
(D) both f (x) and g (x) are non differentiable at 3 and 5 points respectively.
n
n pnq
37. Lim
n
, p, q > 0 equals
2
pq
(A) 1 (B) pq (C) pq (D)
2
3 x 2 4 x 1 for x 1
38. Let g (x) = .
ax b for x 1
If g (x) is continuous and differentiable for all numbers in its domain then
(A) a = b = 4 (B) a = b = – 4
(C) a = 4 and b = – 4 (D) a = – 4 and b = 4
a sin 2 n x for x 0 and n
39. Let f (x) = 2m
then
b(cos x) 1 for x 0 and m
(A) f (0–) f (0+) (B) f (0+) f (0)
(C) f (0–) = f (0) (D) f is continuous at x = 0
40. Let f (x) be continuous and differentiable function for all reals.
f (h)
f (x + y) = f (x) – 3xy + f (y). If Lim = 7, then the value of f ' (x) is
h 0 h
(A) – 3x (B) 7 (C) – 3x + 7 (D) 2 f (x) + 7
n
sin x cos x
41. Let a = min [x2 + 2x + 3, x R] and b = Lim . Then the value of a b r n r
is
x 0 e x e x r 0
2n 1 1 2n 1 1 2n 1 4n 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3·2n 3·2 n 3·2n 3·2 n
42. Given l1 = Lim cos 1 sec x ; l2 = Lim sin 1 cosec x ;
x 4
4 x 4
4
l3 = Lim tan 1 cot x ; l4 = Lim cot 1 tan x
x 4
4 x 4
4
where [x] denotes greatest integer function then which of the following limits exist?
(A) l1 and l2 only (B) l1 and l3 only (C) l1 and l4 only (D) All of them
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132 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
43. Suppose that a and b (b a) are real positive numbers then
1
bt 1 a t 1 t
Lim has the value equal to
t 0
ba
1
a ln b b ln a b ln b a ln a bb b a
(A) (B) (C) b ln b – a ln a (D) a
ba ba a
44. Which of the following functions defined below are NOT differentiable at the indicated
point?
x 2 if 1 x 0 x if 1 x 0
(A) f(x) = 2 at x = 0 (B) g(x) = at x = 0
x if 0 x 1 tan x if 0 x 4
sin 2 x if x 0 x if 0 x 1
(C) h(x) = at x = 0 (D) k(x) = at x = 1
2 x if x 0 2 x if 1 x 2
cos x, x n , n 0, 1, 2, 3, .....
45. If f x and
3, otherwise
x 2 1 when x 3, x 0
(x) = 3 when x 0 then Limit f ((x)) =
x 0
5 when x 3
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) none
1
sin [ x ]
46. Let [x] be the greatest integer function and f(x) = 4 . Then which one of the
[ x]
following does not hold good?
(A) not continuous at any point (B) continuous at 3/2
(C) discontinuous at 2 (D) differentiable at 4/3
47. Number of points where the function f (x) = (x2 – 1) |x2 – x – 2| + sin(|x|) is not
differentiable, is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
cos ec x
3
48. Limit has the value equal to :
x 0 1 4 x
1 1 1 1
(A) e 12 (B) e 6 (C) e 4 (D) e 3
49. Limit
cot 1 x 1 x is equal to
x 2 x 1 x
1
sec
x 1
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) (D) non existent
2
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 133
x
50. Consider function f : R – {–1, 1} R. f(x) = . Then the incorrect statement is
1 | x|
(A) it is continuous at the origin. (B) it is not derivable at the origin.
(C) the range of the function is R.
(D) f is continuous and derivable in its domain
51.
Given f x
b x 2 x 1 for x 1
sin x a for x 1
where [x] denotes the integral part of x, then for what values of a, b the function is
continuous at x = 1?
3
(A) a = 2n + ; b R ; n I (B) a = 4n + 2 ; b R ; n I
2
3
(C) a = 4n + ; b R+ ; n I (D) a = 4n + 1 ; b R ; n I
2
52.
Lim cos n 2 n
n
when n is an integer :
(A) is equal to 1 (B) is equal to 1 (C) is equal to zero (D) does not exist
2
53.
x 0
2
Limit 1 log cos x cos x
2
(A) is equal to 4 (B) is equal to 9 (C) is equal to 289 (D) is non existent
54. The value of Limit
tan { x } 1 sin { x }
{ x} { x} 1
x 0
(where { x } denotes the fractional part function)
(A) is 1 (B) is tan 1 (C) is sin 1 (D) is non existent
{ x}
55. Limit
x0
n { x} [ x ] equals :
(where [ ] is the greatest integer function and { } is the fractional part)
1
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) ln 2 (D) ln
2
56. If f (x) =
2
l n ex 2 x is continuous at x = 0 , then f (0) must be equal to :
tan x
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) e2 (D) 2
2 2 x sin 2 x
57. Lim is :
x (2 x sin 2 x ) e sin x
(A) equal to zero (B) equal to 1 (C) equal to 1 (D) non existent
cosec 2 bx
58. The value of lim cos ax is
x 0
8b2 8a2 a2 b2
a 2 2 2 b2 2 a2
(A) e (B) e b (C) e (D) e
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134 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
1 ex
59. Let f (x) be the continuous function such that f (x) = for x 0 then
x
1 1 1 1
(A) f ' (0+) = and f ' (0–) = – (B) f ' (0+) = – and f ' (0–) =
2 2 2 2
1 1
(C) f ' (0+) = f ' (0–) = (D) f ' (0+) = f ' (0–) = –
2 2
60. If x is a real number in [0, 1] then the value of Limit Limit [1 + cos2m (n ! x)]
m n
is given by
(A) 1 or 2 according as x is rational or irrational
(B) 2 or 1 according as x is rational or irrational
(C) 1 for all x
(D) 2 for all x
e 2 x (1 4 x )1 2
61. If f (x) = for x 0, then f has
ln(1 x 2 )
(A) an irremovable discontinuity at x = 0
(B) a removable discontinuity at x = 0 and f (0) = – 4
1
(C) a removable discontinuity at x = 0 and f (0) = –
4
(D) a removable discontinuity at x = 0 and f (0) = 4
62. Let f(x) be a real valued function such that f(a) = 0. If g(x) = (x – a) f (x) is continuous
but not differentiable at x = a and h (x) = (x – a)2 f (x) is continuous and differentiable at
x = a. Then f (x)
(A) must be continuous and differentiable at x = a
(B) must be continuous but not differentiable at x = a
(C) may or may not be continuous at x = a
(D) must be discontinuous at x = a
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 135
SHEET # 02 COMPREHENSION TYPE PROBLEMS
[COMPREHENSION TYPE]
Paragraph for question no 1 to 3
2
e{ x } 1, x 0
sin x tan x cos x 1
Let f (x) = 2 , x 0 , where { } represents fractional part function.
2 x ln(2 x ) tan x
0, x0
Suppose lines L1 and L2 represent tangent and normal to curve y = f (x) at x = 0. Consider
the family of circles touching both the lines L1 and L2.
1. Ratio of radii of two circles belonging to this family cutting each other orthogonally is
(A) 2 + 3 (B) 3 (C) 2 + 2 (D) 2 – 2
2. A circle having radius unity is inscribed in the triangle formed by L1 and L2 and a tangent
to it. Then the minimum area of the triangle possible is
(A) 3 + 2 (B) 2 + 3 (C) 3 + 2 2 (D) 3 – 2 2
3. If centers of circles belonging to family having equal radii 'r' are joined, the area of figure
formed is
(A) 2r2 (B) 4r2 (C) 8r2 (D) r2
Paragraph for Question Nos. 4 to 6
Let f(x) is a function continuous for all x R except at x = 0. Such that
f (x) < 0 x (– , 0) and f (x) > 0 x (0, ).
Let Lim f(x) = 2, Lim f(x) = 3 and f (0) = 4.
x0 x 0¯
4.
The value of for which 2 Lim f ( x3 x 2 ) = Lim f (2 x 4 x5 ) is
x0 x0
4
(A) (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 5
3
f ( x) x 2
5. The values of Lim where [ · ] denote greatest integer function and
x 0 1 cos x
[ f ( x)]
{ · } denote fraction part function.
(A) 6 (B) 12 (C) 18 (D) 24
x3 sin 3 x sin x 3
6. Lim 3 f f where [ · ] denote greatest integer function.
x 0¯ x4
x
(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 7 (D) 9
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136 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
[REASONING TYPE]
The following questions given below consist of an "Assertion" (Statement - 1) and "Reason"
(Statement - 2) Type questions. Use the following Key to choose the appropriate answer.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is correct explanation for
statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation
for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
ax 2 b | x | c x 0
7. Let f (x) = 2 where a, b, c are positive and > 0, then
ax b | x | c 0 x
Statement-1: The equation f (x) = 0 has atleast one real root for x [– , ]
Statement-2: Values of f (–) and f () are opposite in sign.
8. Let f (x) = x – x2 and g (x) = {x} x R, where { · } denotes fractional part function.
Statement-1: f g ( x ) will be continuous x R.
Statement-2: f (0) = f (1) and g (x) is periodic with period 1.
9. Let h (x) = f1(x) + f2(x) + f3(x) + ...... + fn(x) where f1(x), f2(x), f3(x), ...... , fn(x) are real
valued functions of x.
Statement-1: f (x) = cos | x | cos 1 (sgn x) ln x is not differentiable at 3 points in
(0, 2)
Statement-2: Exactly one function fi(x), i = 1, 2, ....., n not differentiable and the rest of
the function differentiable at x = a makes h (x) not differentiable at x = a.
10. Statement-1 : f (x) = | x | sin x is differentiable at x = 0
Statement-2 : If g (x) is not differentiable at x = a and h (x) is differentiable at x = a
then g (x) h (x) can not be differentiable at x = a.
11. Statement-1: f (x) = | cos x | is not derivable at x = .
2
Statement-2: If g (x) is differentiable at x = a and g (a) = 0 then | g(x) | is non-derivable
at x = a.
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 137
SHEET # 03 MORE THAN ONE CORRECT OPTION PROBLEMS
[MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE TYPE]
1. Let f (x) = min(x , x )and g (x) = [x]2 + {x}2 , where [x] denotes the greatest integer and
3 2
{x} denotes the fractional part function. Then which of the following holds?
(A) f is continuous for all x. (B) g is discontinuous for all x I.
(C) f is differentiable for all x (1, ) (D) g is not differentiable for all x I
2. In which of the following cases the given equations has atleast one root in the indicated
interval?
(A) x – cos x = 0 in 0, (B) x + sin x = 1 in 0,
2 6
a b
(C) = 0, a, b > 0 in (1, 3)
x 1 x 3
(D) f (x) – g (x) = 0 in (a, b) where f and g are continuous on [a, b] and f (a) > g (a) and f (b) < g (b).
3. Lim f(x) does not exist when
x c
(A) f(x) = [[x]] [2x 1], c = 3 (B)
f(x) = [x] x, c = 1
tan (sgn x )
(C) f(x) = {x}2 {x}2, c = 0 (D) f(x) = ,c =0.
sgn x
where [x] denotes step up function & {x} fractional part function.
tan 2 x
2 2
for x 0
x x
4. Let f (x) = 1 for x 0
x cot x for x 0
where [ x ] is the step up function and { x } is the fractional part function of x, then :
(A) Lim f (x) = 1 (B) Lim f (x) = 1
x 0 x 0
2
(C) cot–1 Lim f ( x ) = 1
x 0
(D) f is continuous at x = 1.
x. n cos x
x0
5. If f x n 1 x2 then :
0 x0
(A) f is continuous at x = 0
(B) f is continuous at x = 0 but not differentiable at x = 0
(C) f is differentiable at x = 0
(D) f is not continuous at x = 0.
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
138 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
6. Which of the following limits vanish?
1
1
(A) Limit x 4 sin (B) Limit (1 sin x) . tan x
x x x /2
2 x2 3 [ x]2 9
(C) Limit 2 . sgn (x) (D) Limit
x x x 5 x 3 x2 9
where [ ] denotes greatest integer function
7. Which of the following function(s) not defined at x = 0 has/have non-removable
discontinuity at the point x = 0 ?
1
1 1 ex 1 1
(A) f (x) = 1 (B) f(x) = arc tan (C) f (x) = 1 (D) f(x) =
1 2x x ex 1 n x
8. Which of the following function(s) not defined at x = 0 has/have removable discontinuity
at x = 0?
1 | sin x | 1
(A) f(x) = (B) f(x)=cos (C) f(x) = x sin (D) f(x) =
1 2 cot x
x x n x
9. The function 1+ sinx is
(A) continuous everywhere (B) differentiable nowhere
(C) not differentiable at x = 0 (D) not differentiable at infinite no. of points
10. Let [x] denote the greatest integer less than or equal to x . If f(x) = [x sin x] , then f(x)
is:
(A) continuous at x = 0 (B) continuous in (1, 0)
(C) differentiable at x = 1 (D) differentiable in (1, 1)
11. The function, f x x x where [ x ] denotes greatest integer function
(A) is continuous for all positive integers
(B) is discontinuous for all non positive integers
(C) has finite number of elements in its range
(D) is such that its graph does not lie above the x axis .
12. Let f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y) for all x , y R. Then :
(A) f (x) must be continuous x R (B) f (x) may be continuous x R
(C) f (x) must be discontinuous x R (D) f (x) may be discontinuous x R
13. Given that the derivative f (a) exists. Indicate which of the following statement(s) is/are
always True
f (h) f (a) f ( a ) f ( a h)
(A) f (a) = Limit (B) f '(a ) Limit
h a ha h 0 h
f ( a 2t ) f (a) f ( a 2t ) f ( a t )
(C) f '(a ) Limit (D) f '(a) Limit
t 0 t t 0 2t
2
14. The function f(x) = 1 1 x
(A) has its domain –1 < x < 1.
(B) has finite one sided derivates at the point x = 0.
(C) is continuous and differentiable at x = 0.
(D) is continuous but not differentiable at x = 0.
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 139
1
2 x 2 n sin x
15. Let f (x) = Lim x then which of the following alternative(s) is/are correct?
2n
n 1 x
(A) Lim x f ( x) = 2 (B) Lim f ( x) does not exist.
x x 1
(C) Lim f ( x) does not exist. (D) Lim f ( x) is equal to zero.
x0 x
16. Select the correct statements.
2 x 2 3 for x 1
(A) The function f defined by f(x) = is neither differentiable nor
3 x 2 for x 1
continuous at x = 1.
(B) The function f(x) = x2 x is twice differentiable at x = 0.
(C) If f is continuous at x = 5 and f (5) = 2 then Lim f (4 x 2 11) exists.
x2
(D) If Lim f ( x) g ( x) = 2 and Lim f ( x) g ( x ) = 1 then Lim f (x) · g (x) need
xa xa xa
not exist.
2 2 f ( ) 2 2 1
17. Assume that Lim f ( ) exists and holds for certain
1 3 2 3
interval containing the point = – 1 then Lim f ( )
1
(A) is equal to f (–1) (B) is equal to 1 (C) is non existent (D) is equal to – 1
18. f is a continous function in [a, b]; g is a continuous function in [b, c]
A function h (x) is defined as
f x for x a, b
h x
g x for x b, c
if f (b) = g (b), then
(A) h(x) has a removable discontinuity at x = b.
(B) h(x) may or may not be continuous in [a, c]
(C) h(b–) = g(b+) and h(b+) = f(b–)
(D) h(b+) = g(b–) and h(b–) = f(b+)
19. Which of the following function(s) has/have the same range?
1 1 1 1
(A) f(x) = (B) f(x) = 2
(C) f(x) = (D) f(x) =
1 x 1 x 1 x 3 x
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140 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
SHEET # 04 MATCH THE COLUMNS
[MATCH THE COLUMN]
1. Column–I Column-II
ln x
(A) Lim 4 (P) 2
x 1 x 1
3e x x 3 3 x 3 2
(B) Lim (Q)
x0 tan 2 x 3
2 tan 1 x 3
(C) Lim (R)
x 1 2
ln 1
x
2 sin x sin 2 x 1
(D) Lim (S)
x 0 x (cos x cos 2 x ) 4
e x e x 2 x
(E) Lim
x 0 x sin x
2. Column-I contains 4 functions and column-II contains comments w.r.t their continuity
and differentiability at x = 0. Note that column-I may have more than one matching
options in column-II. (where [ ] denotes the greatest integer function)
Column-I Column-II
(A) f (x) = [x] + | 1 – x | (P) continuous
(B) g (x) = | x – 2 | + | x | (Q) differentiable
2
(C) h (x) = [tan x] (R) discontinuous
1x
x 3e 4
, x0
1
(D) l (x) = x
(S) non derivable
2e
0, x0
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 141
3. Column I Column II
x
x
(A) Lim equals (P) e2
x
1 x
x 1
1 1
(B) Lim sin cos (Q) e 2
x
x x
cot 2 x
(C) Lim cos x (R) e
x 0
1
x
(D) Lim tan x (S) e–1
x 0
4
4. Column-I Column-II
x 1 if x 0
(A) f (x) = at x = 0 is (P) continuous
cos x if x 0
(B) For every x R the function (Q) differentiability
sin [ x ]
g (x) = (R) discontinuous
1 [ x ]2
(where [x] denotes the greatest integer function) is (S) non derivable
(C) h (x) = {x}2 (where {x} denotes fractional part function)
for all x I, is
ln1x
(D) k (x) = x if x 1 at x = 1 is
e if x 1
5. Column-I Column-II
(A) Lim
x
x x x x equals (P) –2
sin 2 x 2 tan x
(B) The value of the limit, Lim is (Q) –1
x 0 ln(1 x 3 )
(C) Lim ln sin 3 x ln( x 4 ex 3 ) equals (R) 0
x 0
(D) Let tan(2 | sin | ) = cot (2 | cos | ), where R (S) 1
2
and f (x) = ( | sin | + | cos | )x. The value of Lim equals
x
f ( x)
(Here [ ] represents greatest integer function)
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142 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
6. Column-I Column-II
1 cos 2 x
(A) Lim x2 equals (P) 1
x0
e ex x
1
3 x
x 1
(B) If the value of Lim can be expressed in the (Q) 2
x 0 3
x 1
p/q
form of e , where p and q are relative prime then (p + q)
is equal to
tan 3 x tan x 3
(C) Lim equals (R) 4
x 0 x5
x 2 sin x
(D) Lim equals (S) 5
x 0
x 2 2sin x 1 sin 2 x x 1
7. Column-I Column-II
(A)
Lim cos 2 3 n3 n2 2n where n is an integer, equals (P)
n
1
2
1
(B)
n
Lim n sin 2 1 n 2 (n N) equals (Q)
4
( n 1)
(C)
n
Lim ( 1) n sin n 2 0.5n 1 sin
4n
is
(where n N) (R)
x
xa
(D) If Lim e where 'a' is some real constant,
x
xa
then the value of 'a' is equal to (S) non existent
8. Column-I Column-II
(A) Lim e
x
4
x 1
e( x
2
1)
is (P) e
a x a x 2
if x 0
(B) For a > 0 let f (x) = x2 (Q) e2
3 ln( a x ) 2, if x 0
1
If f is continuous at x = 0 then 'a' equals (R)
e
xx aa xx ax
(C) Let L = Lim and M = Lim (a > 0).
xa xa xa xa
If L = 2M then the value of 'a' is equal to (S) non existent
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 143
SHEET # 05 SUBJECTIVE PROBLEMS
13
x7 x
1. Lim 5
x 1 x3 x
x 2 x . ln x ln x 1
2. Lim
x 1 x 1
100
k
x 100
3. Lim k 1
x 1 x 1
1 tan x
4. Lim
x 4 1 2 sin x
p q
5. Lim p, q N
x1 1 x 1 x q
p
6. Find the sum of an infinite geometric series whose first term is the limit of the function
tan x sin x
f(x) = as x 0 and whose common ratio is the limit of the function
sin 3 x
1 x
g(x) = as x 1.
(cos 1 x )2
et e t
7. Lim (x l n cosh x) where cosh t = .
x 2
8. (a) Lim
cos 1 2 x 1 x 2 ;
x
1 1
2 x
2
1 sin 2 x
(b) Lim ;
x 4 4x
[ x]2 15[ x] 56
(c) Lim where [ ]denotes the greatest integer function
x 7 sin( x 7) sin( x 8)
1 3 tan x
9. Lim
x
1 2cos 2 x
4
8 x2 x2 x2 x2
10. Lim 1 cos cos cos cos
x0 x8 2 4 2 4
2 cos sin
11. Lim
4 (4 )2
sin 4h 4sin 3h 6sin 2h 4sin h sin
12. Lim 3 3 3 3 3
4
h 0 h
x2 x3
13. Lim x 2 3
x
x x
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
144 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
14. Lim [ln (1 + sin²x). cot(ln2 (1 + x))]
x0
15. Find a & b if :
x2 1
(i) Lim ax b = 0 (ii) Lim x 2 x 1 ax b = 0
x
x
x 1
(3 x 4 2 x 2 ) sin 1x | x |3 5
16. Lim
x | x |3 | x |2 | x | 1
n
17. If l = Lim
n
(r 1)sin r 1 r sin r then find { l }.
r2
(where { } denotes the fractional part function)
(ln(1 x) ln 2)(3.4 x 1 3x)
18. Lim 1 1
x1
[(7 x) 3 (1 3x) 2 ].sin( x 1)
27 x 9 x 3x 1
19. Lim
x0 2 1 cos x
x x 3, x 1
, x0
20. Let f ( x) sin x and g ( x) x 2 2 x 2, 1 x 2
2 x, x 0 x 5, x2
find LHL and RHL g f ( x ) of at x = 0 and hence find Lim g f ( x) .
x 0
a
21. (a) Lim tan 1 , where a 0 & a R ; & a R );
x 0 x2
2x x
(b) Plot the graph of the function f(x) = Lim tan 1 2
t 0
t
Pn
22. Let Pn a Pn1 1 , n = 2, 3,.......and Let P1 = ax – 1 where a R+ then evaluate Lim .
x 0 x
1 1 1 ax
23. If the Lim exists and has the value equal to l, then find the value of
x0 x 1 x 1 bx
3
1 2 3
.
a l b
ay by
exp x ln 1 exp x ln 1
24. Lim Limit x x
y0
x y
25. Let {an}, {bn}, {cn} be sequences such that
(i) an + bn + cn = 2n + 1 ; (ii) anbn +bncn + cnan = 2n – 1 ;
(iii) anbncn = – 1 ; (iv) an < bn < cn
Then find the value of Lim (nan ) .
n
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 145
26. If n N and an = 22 + 42 + 62 + ....... + (2n)2 and bn = 12 + 32 + 52 + ..... + (2n – 1)2. Find
an bn
the value Lim .
n n
27. At the end points A, B of the fixed segment of length L, lines are drawn meeting in C and
making angles and 2 respectively with the given segment. Let D be the foot of the
altitude CD and let x represents the length of AD. Find the value of x as tends to zero
i.e. Lim x .
0
28. At the end-points and the midpoint of a circular arc AB tangent lines are drawn, and the
points A and B are joined with a chord. Prove that the ratio of the areas of the two
triangles thus formed tends to 4 as the arc AB decreases indefinitely.
8 x2 3
2x 2 3
29. Lim 2
x
2x 5
x
xc
30. Lim 4 then find c
x x c
1
1 x
31. Lim
x
1 x
x0 e
2 n2 n 1
n2 n 1
32. Lim
n n
33. lim x 2 sin n cos
x
x
x2
a
x
34. Lim cos 2 aQ
x
1 x
tan 2x
x
35. Lim tan
x 1 4
1
x 1 cos x x
36. Lim
x0 x
1 1 1 1 nx
a x a2 x a3 x ..... an x
37. Lim 1 , where a1,a2,a3,......an > 0
x n
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
146 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
x2
cosh x t t
38. Lim , where cosh t = e e
x 2
cos x
sin 1 (1 { x}).cos1 (1 { x})
39. Let f(x) = then find Lim f(x) and Lim f(x),
2{x} . (1 { x}) x0 x0
where {x} denotes the fractional part function.
1 a2 x2 a x
40. Lim 2 2 2
2sin sin , where a is an odd integer.
x a (a x ) ax 2 2
(1 x)(1 x 2 )(1 x 3 )......(1 x 2 n )
41. If L = Lim then show that L can be equal to
x 1 [(1 x )(1 x 2 )(1 x 3 ).........(1 x n )]2
n
nr
(a) r 1 r
n
1
(b) (4r 2)
n ! r 1
(c) The sum of the coefficients of two middle terms in the expansion of (1 + x)2n – 1.
(d) The coefficient of xn in the expansion of (1 + x)2n.
a (2 x 3 x 2 ) b( x 3 5 x 2 1) c(3 x 3 x 2 )
42. If Lim = 1, then the value of (a + b + c) can be
x a (5 x 4 x) bx 4 c (4 x 4 1) 2 x 2 5 x
p
expressed in the lowest form as . Find the value of (p + q).
q
43. Let x0 = 2 cos and xn = 2 xn 1 , n = 1, 2, 3, .........., find Lim 2( n 1) · 2 xn .
6 n
n (1 x )1 x 1
44. Lim
x0
x2 x
4
n3 1
(1 n 1 ) 2
45.
Let L = 1 2 ; M =
n3 n
3 and N =
n 2 n 1
n 1 1 2n 1
, then find the value of
–1 –1 –1
L +M +N .
46. A circular arc of radius 1 subtends an angle of x radians, 0 < x < as shown in the
2
figure. The point C is the intersection of the two tangent lines at A & B. Let T(x) be the
area of triangle ABC & let S(x) be the area of the shaded region. Compute:
T ( x)
(a) T(x) (b) S(x) & (c) the limit of as x 0.
S ( x)
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 147
n
n 1 x cot x
47. Let f (x) = Lim 3 sin 3 n
and g (x) = x – 4 f (x). Evaluate Lim 1 g ( x) .
n
n 1 3 x 0
n
48. If f (n,) = 1 tan 2 r , then compute Lim f (n, )
r 1 2 n
cos 2 x (1 3 x)1 3 3 4 cos 3 x ln(1 x ) 4
49. L = Lim 2 4
x 0 x
If L = a where 'a' and 'b' are relatively primes find (a + b).
b
f ( x) x(1 a cos x) b sin x
50. f (x) is the function such that Lim 1 . If Lim 3
1 , then find
x 0 x x 0
f ( x)
the value of a and b.
51. Through a point A on a circle, a chord AP is drawn & on the tangent at A a point T is
taken such that AT = AP. If TP produced meet the diameter through A at Q, prove that
the limiting value of AQ when P moves upto A is double the diameter of the circle.
1 1 L 153
52. If L = Lim then find the value of .
x 0 ln(1 x ) 2 L
l n( x 1 x )
53. Using Sandwich theorem, evaluate
1 1 1 1
(a) Lim ...........
2
n
n n2 1 n2 2 n 2 2n
1 2 n
(b) Lim 2
+ 2
+ ......... +
n 1 n 2n n n2
3 x 2 ax a 3
54. If the function f (x) = is continuous at x = – 2. Find f (–2).
x2 x 2
55. Find all possible values of a and b so that f (x) is continuous for all x R if
| ax 3 | if x 1
| 3 x a | if 1 x 0
f (x) = b sin 2 x
x 2b if 0 x
2
cos x 3 if x
ln cos x
4 if x 0
1 x2 1
56. Let f(x) = sin 4 x
e 1
if x 0
ln(1 tan 2 x)
Is it possible to define f(0) to make the function continuous at x = 0. If yes what is the
value of f(0), if not then indicate the nature of discontinuity.
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
148 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
f ( x)
3 2 , x3
57. Suppose that f (x) = x – 3x – 4x + 12 and h(x) = x 3 then
K , x3
(a) find all zeros of f (x)
(b) find the value of K that makes h continuous at x = 3
(c) using the value of K found in (b), determine whether h is an even function.
x2 x2 x2
58. Let yn(x) = x2 + ............ and y (x) = Lim yn ( x)
1 x 2 (1 x 2 ) 2 (1 x 2 ) n 1 n
Discuss the continuity of yn(x) (n N) and y(x) at x = 0
59. Draw the graph of the function f(x) = x x x², 1 x 1 & discuss the continuity or
discontinuity of f in the interval 1 x 1.
1 sin x 1
, x
1 cos 2 x 2
1 . Determine the value of p, if possible, so that the
60. Let f x p, x
2
2x 1 1
, x
4 2 x 1 2 2
1
function is continuous at x = .
2
61. Given the function g (x) = 6 2x and h (x) = 2x2 – 3x + a. Then
g ( x ), x 1
(a) evaluate h (g(2)) (b) If f (x) = , find 'a' so that f is continuous.
h( x), x 1
1 x , 0 x 2
62. Let f(x) = . Determine the form of g(x) = f [f(x)] & hence find the
3 x , 2 x 3
point of discontinuity of g , if any.
63. Let [x] denote the greatest integer function & f(x) be defined in a neighbourhood of 2 by
x 1
exp { ( x 2 ) n 4} 4 16 , x 2
x
4 16
f (x) = .
1 cos ( x 2)
A ( x 2) tan ( x 2) , x2
Find the values of A & f(2) in order that f(x) may be continuous at x = 2.
tan 6 x
5
6 tan 5 x
if 0 x
2
64. The function f(x) =
b2 if x
2
1 cos x a tanb x if
x
2
Determine the values of 'a' & 'b' , if f is continuous at x = /2.
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 149
1 sin 3 x
2
if x
3cos x 2
65. Determine a & b so that f is continuous at x = where f(x) = a if x
2 2
b 1 sin x
2
if x
2 x 2
66. Determine the values of a, b & c for which the function
sin a 1 x sin x
for x0
x
f (x) = c for x 0 is continuous at x = 0.
2 1/ 2
x bx x
1/2
for x0
bx3/2
sin 3 x A sin 2 x B sin x
67. If f (x) = (x 0) is continuous at x = 0.
x5
Find A & B. Also find f (0).
2
2 sin 1 {x} . sin 1 {x}
1 1
for x 0
68. Let f(x) = 2 {x} {x}3
for x 0
2
where {x} is the fractional part of x.
Consider another function g(x) ; such that
f x for x 0
g x
2 2 f x for x 0
Discuss the continuity of the functions f (x) & g(x) at x = 0.
4 x 5 [ x] for x 1
69. Discuss the continuity of f in [0,2] where f(x) = ;
cos x for x 1
where [x] is the greatest integer not greater than x. Also draw the graph.
70. If f(x) = x + {-x} + [x] , where [x] is the integral part & {x} is the fractional part of x.
Discuss the continuity of f in [ – 2, 2 ].
ax b for x 1
71. Find the locus of (a, b) for which the function f (x) = 3 x for 1 x 2
bx 2 a for x2
is continuous at x = 1 but discontinuous at x = 2.
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
150 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
ax 2 bx c e nx
72. A function f : R R is defined as f (x) = Lim where f is continuous
n 1 c ·e nx
on R. Find the values of a, b and c.
x n f ( x) h( x) 1 sin 2 ( ·2 x )
73. Let g (x) = Lim , x 1 and g (1) = Lim be a
n 2 xn 3x 3
x 1 ln sec( ·2 x )
continuous function at x = 1, find the value of 4 g (1) + 2 f (1) – h (1). Assume that f (x)
and h (x) are continuous at x = 1.
2 cos x 3
74. The function f(x) = 3 4 is not defined at x = 0. How should the function be
x sin x x
defined at x = 0 to make it continuous at x = 0.
a sin x a tan x
for x 0
tan x sin x
75. f x , if f is continuous at x = 0, find 'a'.
ln 1 x x ln 1 x x
2 2
for x 0
sec x cos x
x
Now if g (x) = ln 2 cot(x – a) for x a, a 0, a > 0. If g is continuous at x = a then
a
show that g(e–1) = – e.
76. Let f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) for all x , y & if the function f(x) is continuous at x = 0 , then
show that f(x) is continuous at all x.
n
x x
77. Given f (x) = tan r sec r 1 ; r , n N
r 1 2 2
n
x x x
ln f x tan n f x tan n . sin tan
L imit 2 2 2
n
for x
n x 4
g x 1 f x tan n
2
K for x
4
and the domain of g (x) is 0, . where [ ] denotes the greatest integer function.
2
Find the value of k, if possible, so that g (x) is continuous at x = /4. Also state the points
of discontinuity of g (x) in 0, , if any.
4
f ( x)
78. Let f (x) = x3 – x2 – 3x – 1 and h (x) = where h is a rational function such that
g ( x)
(a) it is continuous every where except when x = – 1,
1
(b) Lim h( x) and (c) Lim h( x ) .
x x 1 2
Find Lim 3h( x) f ( x) 2 g ( x)
x0
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 151
79. (a) If g : [a, b] onto [a, b] is continuous show that there is some c [a, b] such that
g(c) = c.
(b) Let f be continuous on the interval [0, 1] to R such that f (0) = f (1). Prove that
1 1
there exists a point c in 0, such that f (c) = f c
2 2
1 a x x a x n a
for x 0
a x x2
80. Consider the function g(x) = where a > 0.
2 a x n 2 x n a 1 for x 0
x x
x2
find the value of 'a' & 'g(0)' so that the function g(x) is continuous at x = 0.
81. Discuss the continuity & differentiability of the function f(x) = sin x + sinx, x R.
Draw a rough sketch of the graph of f(x).
82. Examine the continuity and differentiability of f(x) = x+ x 1+ x 2x R.
Also draw the graph of f(x).
x2
2 for x 0
83. If the function f (x) defined as f (x) =
x n sin 1 for x 0
x
is continuous but not derivable at x = 0, then find the range of n.
1 for x0
84. A function f is defined as follows : f(x) = 1 | sin x | for 0 x
2
2
2 x for x
2 2
Discuss the continuity & differentiability at x = 0 & x = .
2
85. Examine the origin for continuity & derivability in the case of the function f defined by
1
f(x) = x tan1 , x 0 and f(0) = 0.
x
86. Let f (0) = 0 and f '(0) = 1. For a positive integer k, show that
1 x x 1 1 1
Lim f ( x) f ...... f = 1 ......
x 0 x
2 k 2 3 k
87. If f(x)=x 1. ( [x] [x]) , then find f (1+) & f (1-)
where [x] denotes greatest integer function.
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152 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
a x 2 b if x 1
88. If f(x) = 1 is derivable at x = 1. Find the values of a & b.
x if x 1
1 , 2 x 0
89. Let f(x) be defined in the interval [-2, 2] such that f(x) = &
x 1 , 0 x 2
g(x) = f(x) + f(x). Test the differentiability of g(x) in ( 2, 2).
2[ x]
90. Given f(x) = cos1 sgn , where sgn (.) denotes the signum function &
3 x [ x]
[.] denotes the greatest integer function. Discuss the continuity & differentiability of
f (x) at x = ± 1.
91. Examine for continuity & differentiability at the points x = 1 & x = 2, the function f defined
x [ x] , 0 x2
by f(x) = where [x] = greatest integer less than or equal to x.
( x 1) [ x] , 2 x 3
e x x 2
92. f(x) = x . , x 0 & f(0) = 1, where [x] denotes greatest integer less than or
x x
equal to x. Test the differentiability of f(x) at x = 0.
2 x 3 [ x] for x 1
93. Discuss the continuity & the derivability in [0 , 2] of f(x) = x
sin 2 for x 1
where [ ] denote greatest integer function .
94. Let f (x) = [3 + 4 sin x] (where [ ] denotes the greatest integer function). If sum of all the values
k
of 'x' in [, 2] where f (x) fails to be differentiable, is , then find the value of k.
2
ax ( x 1) b when x 1
95. The function f(x) x 1 when 1 x 3
px 2 qx 2 when x 3
Find the values of the constants a, b, p, q so that
(i) f(x) is continuous for all x (ii) f ' (1) does not exist (iii) f '(x) is continuous at x = 3
1 1
x x
a a
96. Examine the function , f (x) = x 1 1
, x 0 (a > 0) and f (0) = 0 for continuity and
x x
a a
existence of the derivative at the origin.
97. Discuss the continuity on 0 x 1 & differentiability at x = 0 for the function.
1 1 1 1
f(x) = x .sin .sin where x 0 , x & f(0) = f = 0 , r = 1, 2, 3,……...
x 1 r r
x .sin
x
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 153
1 x , ( 0 x 1)
98. f(x) = x 2 , (1 x 2 ) Discuss the continuity & differentiability of
4 x , ( 2 x 4 )
y = f (f(x)) for 0 x 4.
99. Let f be a function that is differentiable every where and that has the following
properties:
(i) f (x + h) = f (x) · f (h) (ii) f (x) > 0 for all real x. (iii) f ' (0) = – 1
Use the definition of derivative to find f ' (x) in terms of f (x).
100. Discuss the continuity & the derivability of 'f' where f (x) = degree of (ux² + u² + 2u 3)
at x = 2 .
101. Let f (x) be a function defined on (–a, a) with a > 0. Assume that f (x) is continuous at
f ( x) f ( kx )
x = 0 and Lim = , where k (0, 1) then compute f '(0+) and f '(0–), and
x 0 x
comment upon the differentiability of f at x = 0.
2
x cos if x 0
102. Consider the function, f (x) = 2x
0 if x 0
(a) Show that f ' (0) exists and find its value
1
(b) Show that f ' does not exist.
3
(c) For what values of x, f ' (x) fails to exist.
103. Let f(x) be a real valued function not identically zero satisfying the equation,
f(x + yn) = f(x) + (f(y)) n for all real x & y and f (0) 0, where n (> 1) is an odd natural
number. Find f(10).
104. A derivable function f : R+ R satisfies the condition f (x) – f (y) ln x y + x – y for
every x, y R+. If g denotes the derivative of f, then compute the value of the sum
100
1
n 1
g .
n
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
154 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
APPLICATION PART # 05: JEE ADVANCED CORNER
1. If f (x) = min. (1, x2, x3), then
(A) f (x) is continuous x R
(B) f x 0 , x > 1
(C) f(x) is not differentiable but continuous x R
(D) f(x) is not differentiable for two values of x [2006]
n
( x 1)
2. Let g(x) = ; 0 < x < 2, m and n are integers, m 0, n > 0 and let p be the
ln cos m ( x 1)
left hand derivative of | x – 1 | at x = 1. If Lim g(x) = p, then [2008]
x1
(A) n = 1, m = 1 (B) n = 1, m = –1 (C) n = 2, m = 2 (D) n > 2, m = n
x2
a a2 x2
3. Let L Lim 4 , a 0 . If L is finite, then [2009]
x 0 x4
1 1
(A) a = 2 (B) a = 1 (C) L = (D) L =
64 32
1
4. (a) If Lim [1 x ln (1 b 2 )] x = 2b sin2, b > 0 and (–, ], then the value of is
x 0
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 3 6 2
x 2 , x
2
(b) If f ( x) cos x, x 0 , then
2
x 1, 0 x 1
ln x, x 1
(A) f (x) is continuous at x = (B) f (x) is not differentiable at x = 0
2
3
(C) f (x) is differentiable at x = 1 (D) f (x) is differentiable at x =
2
(c) Let f : R R be a function such that f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y), x, y R.
If f(x) is differentiable at x = 0, then
(A) f (x) is differentiable only in a finite interval containing zero.
(B) f (x) is continuous x R.
(C) f '(x) is constant x R.
(D) f (x) is differentiable except at finitely many points.
b x
(d) Let f : (0, 1) R be defined by f (x) =
1 bx
where b is a constant such that 0 < b < 1. Then
1
(A) f is not invertible on (0, 1) (B) f f –1 on (0, 1) and f '(b) =
f '(0)
1
(C) f = f –1 on (0, 1) and f '(b) = (D) f –1 is differentiable on (0, 1) [2011]
f '(0)
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RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 155
2
x cos , x 0
5. (a) Let f x x , then f is
0, x0
(A) differentiable both at x = 0 and at x = 2
(B) differentiable at x = 0 but not differentiable at x = 2
(C) not differentiable at x = 0 but differentiable at x = 2
(D) differentiable neither at x = 0 nor at x = 2
x2 x 1
(b) If lim ax b 4, then
x
x 1
(A) a = 1, b = 4 (B) a = 1, b = –4 (C) a = 2, b = –3 (D) a = 2, b = 3
(c) Let a and a be the roots of the equation
3
1 a 1 x2 1 a 1 x 6
1 a 1 0 where a > –1.
Then lim a and lim a are
a0 a 0
5 1 7 9
(A) and 1 (B) and 1 (C) and 2 (D) and 3
2 2 2 2
(d) For every integer n, let an and bn be real numbers. Let function f : R R be
given by
an sin x, for x 2n, 2n 1
f x , for all integers n.
bn cos x, for x 2n 1, 2n
If f is continuous, then which of the following hold(s) for all n?
(A) an 1 bn1 0 (B) an bn 1 (C) an bn1 1 (D) an1 bn 1
[2012]
6. For aR (the set of all real numbers), a 1 ,
lim
1 2 ... na
a a
1
, then a = [2013]
a 1
n
n 1 na 1 na 2 ... na n 60
15 17
(A) 5 (B) 7 (C) (D)
2 2
7. For every pair of continuous functions f,g : 0,1 R such that
max f x : x 0,1 max g x : x 0,1,
the correct statement(s) is(are) : [2014]
2 2
(A) f c 3f c g c 3g c for some c 0,1
2 2
(B) f c f c g c 3g c for some c 0,1
2 2
(C) f c 3f c g c g c for some c 0,1
2 2
(D) f c g c for some c 0,1
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
156 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
8. Let f : a,b 1, be a continuous function and let g : R R be defined as
0 if x a,
x
g x f t dt if a x b,
a
b if x b.
f t dt
a
Then [2014]
(A) g x is continuous but not differentiable at a
(B) g x is differentiable on R
(C) g x is continuous but not differentiable at b
(D) g x is continuous and differentiable at either a or b but not both
9. Let f :R R and g : R R be respectively given by f x x 1 and g x x2 1. Define
h :R R by
max f x ,g x if x 0,
h x
minf x ,g x if x 0
The number of points at which h x is not differentiable is [2014]
1 x
ax sin x 1 a 1 x
1
10. The largest value of the nonnegative integer a for which lim is
x 1
x sin x 1 1 4
[2014]
11. Let f : 0,2 R be a function which is continuous on [0, 2] and is differentiable on with
x2
f 0 1. Let F x f
0
t dt for x 0,2. If F' x f ' x for all x 0,2 , then F 2
equals [2014]
(A) e2 1 (B) e4 1 (C) e 1 (D) e4
PARAGRAPH
Paragraph for Question (12 & 13)
1 h
a 1
Given that for each a 0,1, lim
a
t 1 t dt exists. Let this limit be g a . In addition,
h 0
h
it is given that the function g a is differentiable on 0,1 .
1
12. The value of g is [2014]
2
(A) (B) 2 (C) /2 (D) /4
1
13. The value of g is [2014]
2
(A) / 2 (B) (C) / 2 (D) 0
CatalyseR Eduventures (India) Pvt. Ltd.
RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 157
14. Let g : R R be a differential function with g(0) = 0, g’(0) = 0 and g’(1) 0. Let
x
g x , x 0
f x x and h x e x for all x R. Let f oh x denote f h x and
0, x0
ho f x denote h f x . Then which of the following is (are) true? [2015]
(A) f is differentiable at x 0 (B) h is differentiable at x 0
(C) f o h is differentiable at x 0 (D) h o f is differentiable at x 0
ecos n e
15. Let m and n be two positive integers greater than 1. If lim e then the
0 m 2
m
value of is [2015]
n
16. Let f,g : 1,2 R be continuous functions which are twice differentiable on interval
1,2. Let the values of f and g at the points 1, 0 and 2 be as given in the following
table :
x 1 x 0 x2
f x 3 6 0
g x 0 1 1
In each of the intervals 1,0 and 0,2 the function f 3g " never vanishes. Then the
correct statement(s) is(are) [2015]
(A) f x 3g x 0 has exactly three solutions in 1,0 0,2
(B) f x 3g x 0 has exactly one solution in 1,0
(C) f x 3g x 0 has exactly one solution in 0,2
(D) f x 3g x 0 has exactly two solutions in 1,0 and exactly two solutions in
0,2
PARAGRAPH
Paragraph for Question (21 & 22)
Let F :R R be a thrice differentiable function. Suppose that F 1 0,F 3 4 and
1
F x 0 for all x ,3 . Let f x xF x for all x R.
2
17. The correct statement(s) is(are) [2015]
(A) f 1 0 (B) f 2 0
(C) f x 0 for any x 1,3 (D) f x 0 for some x 1,3
3 3
18. If x 2 F x dx 12 and x 3 F x dx 40, then the correct expression(s) is(are) [2015]
1 1
3
(A) 9f 3 f 1 32 0 (B) f x dx 12
1
3
(C) 9f 3 f 1 32 0 (D) f x dx 12
1
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
158 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
f(x)
19. Let f : (0, ) R be a differentiable function such that f '(x) 2 for all x (0, ) and
x
f (1) 1. Then [2016]
lim 1 lim 1
(A) x 0 f ' x 1
(B) x 0 xf x 2
lim 2
(C) x 0 x f '(x) 0 (D) | f (x) | 2 x (0, 2)
x 2 sin (x)
20. Let , R be such that x lim
0 1. Then 6( ) equals [2016]
x sin x
21. Let, a, b R and f : R R be defined by f (x) a cos(| x 2 x |) | x | sin (| x3 x |). The f is
[2016]
(A) Differentiable at x = 0 if a = 0 and b = 1
(B) Differentiable at x = 1 if a = 1 and b = 0
(C) NOT differentiable at x = 0 if a = 1 and b = 0
(D) NOT differentiable at x = 1 if a = 1 and b = 1
x
n n n n
n (x n) x ... x
lim 2 n
22. Let f (x) n 0 , for all x > 0. Then [2016]
n 2
n
2
n! x n x ..... x 2
2 2 2 2
4 n
1 1 2 f '(3) f '(2)
(A) f f (1) (B) f f (C) f '(2) 0 (D)
2 3 3 f (3) f (2)
1 1
23. Let f : , 2 R and g: g : , 2 R be functions defined by f (x) [x 2 3] and
2 2
g(x) | x |f(x) | 4 x 7 | f(x), where [y] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to y
for y R. Then [2016]
1
(A) f is discontinuous exactly at three points in , 2
2
1
(B) f is discontinuous exactly at four points in , 2
2
1
(C) g is NOT differentiable exactly at four points in , 2
2
(C) g is NOT differentiable exactly at five points in g is NOT differentiable exactly at
five points in
24. Let [x] be the greatest integer less than or equals to x. Then, at which of the following
point(s) the function f(x) = x cos( (x + [x])) is discontinuous? [2017]
(A) x=–1 (B) x = 0 (C) x = 1 (D) x = 2
CatalyseR Eduventures (India) Pvt. Ltd.
RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 159
25. Let f : R R be a differentiable function such that f (0) 0, f 3 and f’ (0) = 1. If
2
2
f (x) [f ' (t) cos ec t cot t cos ec t f (t)] dt
x
for x (0, , then x
lim
0 g(x) [2017]
2
1 x(1 |1 x |) 1
26. Let f (x) cos for x 1. Then [2017]
|1 x | 1 x
(A) lim x 1 f (x) 0 (B) lim x 1 f (x) does not exist
(C) lim x 1 f (x) 0 (D) lim x 1 f (x) does not exist
27. For every twice differentiable function f : R [2, 2] with (f (0)) 2 (f '(0)) 2 85, which of
the following statement(s) is (are) TRUE? [2018]
(A) There exist r,s R, where r < s, such that f is one-one on the open interval (r, s)
(B) There exists x 0 (4, 0) such that | f '(x 0 ) | 1
lim
(C) x f (x) 1
(D) There exists ( 4, 4) such that f () f "() 0 and f '( ) 0
28. Let f : R R and g : R R be two non-constant differentiable functions. If
f '(x) (e (f (x ) g( x )) ) g'(x) for all x R, and f(1) = g(2) = 1, then which of the following
statement(s) is are TRUE? [2018]
(A) f (2) 1 log e 2 (B) f (2) 1 log e 2 (C) g(1) 1 loge 2 (D) f(1) 1 log e 2
29. For each positive integer n, let [2018]
1
1 n
yn ((n 1) (n 2)....(n n) .
n
lim
For x R, let [x] be the greatest integer less than or equal to x. If n yn L, then the
value of [L] is ________.
30. For any positive integer n, define fn : (0, ) R as [2018]
n 1
f n (x) j 1 tan 1 for all x (0, )
1 (x j)(x j 1
(Here, the inverse trigonometric function tan 1 x assumes values in , . )
2 2
Then, which of the following statement(s) is (are) TRUE?
5 10
(A) j 1 tan 2 (f j (0)) 55 (B) j 1 (1 f j' (0)sec2 (f j (0)) 10
lim 1
(C) For any fixed positive integer n, x tan (f n (x))
n
lim
(D) For any fixed positive integer n, x sec2 (f n (x)) 1
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
160 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
31. Let f : (0, ) R be a twice differentiable function such that
lim f (x)sin t f (t)sin x
t x sin 2 x for x (0, ). [2018]
tx
If f , then which of the following statement(s) is (are) TRUE?
6
12
x4
(A) f (B) f (x) x 2 for all x (0, )
4 4 2 6
(C) There exists (0, ) such that f '( ) 0
(D) f " f 0
2 2
3 3
1 2 .... n
32. For a , a 1 , let lim 54 . [2019]
n 1 1 1
7/3
n ...
2
an 1 2 an 2 2 an n
Then the possible value(s) of a is/are
(A) 8 (B) –6 (C) 7 (D) –9
CatalyseR Eduventures (India) Pvt. Ltd.
RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 161
ANSWER KEY
APPLICATION PART # 01 TOPIC WISE SHEETS
Dear student,
Answers to the Topic Wise Sheets have not been intentionally provided in this module to track
your progress of solving these sheets. First, you have to solve these sheets & submit your
responses on your student portal. Then, answers will be displayed on it. Do fill your
responses in the spaces given below.
SHEET # 01
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 02
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 03
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 04
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 05
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
162 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
SHEET # 06
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 07
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 08
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 09
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14
SHEET # 11
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
CatalyseR Eduventures (India) Pvt. Ltd.
RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 163
SHEET # 13
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 14
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
SHEET # 15
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
APPLICATION PART # 02: PROBLEMS TARGETED TO JEE MAIN
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
B A C D D B C B B C
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
D A B A D B B A A B
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
A A B B B A D A C D
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
C AB C B C D D B D D
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
B A B D D B B AD A B
APPLICATION PART # 03: JEE MAIN CORNER
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
D C C A C B C D D D
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
C B B A B C A C A D
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
A C B C A D D A 5 A
31 32 33
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
164 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
36 3 B
APPLICATION PART # 04: PROBLEMS TARGETED TO JEE ADVANCED
SHEET # 01 OBJECTIVE PROBLEMS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
C A D A A C B B D C
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
C C B B D B A B C C
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
C C A D C B A C A C
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
B A A D A B B C A C
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
D A D D B A C A A B
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
A C C D C D D C D B
61 62
B D
SHEET # 02 OBJECTIVE PROBLEMS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A C B C B B D A A C
11
C
SHEET # 03 OBJECTIVE PROBLEMS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
AC ABCD BC AC AC ABD ABC BCD ACD ABD
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
ABCD BD AB ABD ABD BC AD AC BC
SHEET # 04 SUBJECTIVE PROBLEMS
1 2
(A) S; (B) R; (C) P; (D) Q ; (E) P (A) R, S; (B) P, S; (C) P, Q; (D) P, S
3 4
(A) S; (B) R; (C) Q; (D) P (A) P, S; (B) P, Q; (C) R, S; (D) P, Q
5 6
(A) S; (B) P ; (C) Q; (D) R (A) R; (B) S; (C) P; (D) Q
7 8
(A) Q; (B) R; (C) P; (D) P (A) S ; (B) P, Q ; (C) P
CatalyseR Eduventures (India) Pvt. Ltd.
RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 165
SHEET # 05 SUBJECTIVE PROBLEMS
45
1. 2. 2 3. 5050 4. 2
91
pq 1 1 2
5. 6. a= ;r= ;S=
2 2 4 3
1
8. (a) does not exist; (b) does not exist; (c) 0 9. –
3
1 1 3 1
10. 11. 12. 13.
32 16 2 2 2
1
14. 1 15. (i) a =1, b = 1 (ii) a = 1 , b =
2
9 4
16. 2 17. –3 18. ln 19. 8 2 (ln 3) 2
4 e
20. – 3, –3, – 3
21. (a) if a > 0 ; 0 if a = 0 and – if a < 0; (b) f(x) = | x |
2 2
22. (ln a)n 23. 72 24. a–b 25. –1/2
3 2L
26. 27. 28. 4 29. e-8
2 3
e
12 2
30. c = ln 2 31. 32. e–1 33.
4
2 a2 1
34. e 2 35. e-1 36. e 2
e
2
2a2 4
37. (a1.a2.a3....an) 38. 39. , 40.
2 2 2 16 a 4
1
42. 167 43. 44. 45. 8
3 2
1 2x x sin x 1 1 3
46. T(x) = tan . sin x or tan , S(x) = x sin x, limit =
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
47. g (x) = sin x and l = e 48. 49. 19
tan
5 3 1
50. a=– ,b=– 52. 307 53. (a) 2; (b)
2 2 2
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
166 RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
54. –1 55. a = 0, b = 1
56. f(0+) = –2 ; f(0–) = 2, hence f(0) not possible to define
57. (a) 2, 2, 3 (b) K = 5 (c) even
58. yn(x) is continuous at x = 0 for all n and y(x) is dicontinuous at x = 0
59. f is cont. in 1 x 1 60. P not possible.
61. (a) 4 – 3 2 a , (b) a = 3
62. g(x) = 2 + x for 0 x 1, 2 x for 1 < x 2, 4 x for 2 < x 3 , g is discontinuous at
x=1&x=2
1
63. A = 1 ; f(2) = 64. a = 0 ; b = 1
2
1 3 1
65. a= ,b=4 66. a = , b 0, c =
2 2 2
67. A = 4 , B = 5, f(0) = 1
68. f(0+) = ; f(0) = f is discont. at x = 0 ;
2 4 2
g(0+) = g(0) = g(0) = g is cont. at x = 0
2
1
69. the function f is continuous everywhere in [0 , 2] except for x = 0 , , 1 & 2.
2
70. discontinuous at all integral values in [ 2 , 2]
71. locus (a, b) x, y is y = x – 3 excluding the points where y = 3 intersects it.
1
72. c = 1, a, b R 73. 5 75.
60
n (tan x) if 0 x 4
77. k = 0 ; g (x) = . Hence g (x) is continuous everywhere.
0
if x
4 2
2
78. g (x) = 4 (x + 1) and limit = –
39
80. a=
1
, g(0) =
n 2
4 2 8
81. f(x) is continuous but not derivable at x = 0
82. continuous x R, not differentiable at x = 0,1 & 2
83. 0<n1
CatalyseR Eduventures (India) Pvt. Ltd.
RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY 167
84. continuous but not differentiable at x = 0 ; differentiable & continuous at x =
2
85. continuous but not differentiable at x = 0
87. f(1+) = 3 , f(1) = 1
1 3
88. a= ,b= 89. not derivable at x = 0 & x = 1
2 2
90. f is continuous & derivable at x = 1 but f is neither continuous nor derivable at x = 1
91. discontinuous & not derivable at x = 1, continuous but not derivable at x = 2
92. not derivable at x = 0
3 3
93. f is continuous at x = 1 , & discontinuous at x = 2, f is not differentiable at x =1, , 2
2 2
1
94. 24 95. a 1 , b 0, p and q 1
3
96. If a (0, 1) f (0+) = 1 ; f (0) = 1 continuous but not derivable
a = 1 ; f (x) = 0 which is constant continuous and derivable
If a > 1 f (0) = 1 ; f (0+) = 1 continuous but not derivable
97. continuous in 0 x 1 & not differentiable at x = 0
98. f is continuous but not differentiable at x = 1, discontinuous at x = 2 & x = 3.
continuous& differentiableat all other points
99. f ' (x) = – f (x) 100. continuous but not derivable at x = 2
101. f ' (0) =
1 k
1 1 1
102. (a) f ' (0) = 0, (b) f ' = – and f ' = , (c) x = nI
3 2 3 2 2n 1
103. f (x) = x f(10) = 10 104. 5150
APPLICATION PART # 05: JEE ADVANCED CORNER
1. A, C 2. C 3. A, C
4. (a) D (b) ABCD (c) BC, (d) A
5. (a) B, (b) B, (c) B, (d) BD 6. B
7. AD 8. AC 9. 3 10. 0 11. B
12. A 13. D 14. AD 15. 2 16. BC
17. ABC 18. CD 19. A 20. 7 21. AB
22. BC 23. BC 24. 25. 2 26. AD
27. ABD 28. BC 29. 1 30. D 31. BCD
32. AD
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’!
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