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Report Week 3

The document discusses various concepts related to load balancing, caching, sharding, indexing, proxy servers, message queues, SQL vs No-SQL databases, microservices, REST APIs, and hashing. It outlines the methods and challenges associated with each concept, such as different caching strategies, database partitioning techniques, and the differences between SQL and No-SQL databases. Additionally, it highlights the advantages of microservices over monolithic architecture and the importance of statelessness in REST APIs.

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letiho5049
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9 views2 pages

Report Week 3

The document discusses various concepts related to load balancing, caching, sharding, indexing, proxy servers, message queues, SQL vs No-SQL databases, microservices, REST APIs, and hashing. It outlines the methods and challenges associated with each concept, such as different caching strategies, database partitioning techniques, and the differences between SQL and No-SQL databases. Additionally, it highlights the advantages of microservices over monolithic architecture and the importance of statelessness in REST APIs.

Uploaded by

letiho5049
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Load Balancers

Distribute load across resources


Can be done using both hardware and software
Different ways to balance – round robin, active connections, response time, source IP

Cache
Types – application server cache (response caching)
Due to load balancer, different servers will have different cache – either global or distributed
cache
Distributed caching – using consistent hashing direct request to the correct node that will have
the data in cache
Global cache – cache miss will require the cache mechanism to go and find the required data
CDNs – large static media like images, cache miss-request and cache from back-end
Cache invalidation – when to expire cache entry, mechanisms – write-through, write around,
write back
Cache eviction – FIFO, LIFO, LRU, least frequently used

Sharding
Break big databases into smaller parts
Horizontal scaling – add more machines
Vertical scaling – improving machines
Horizontal partitioning – different rows in different DBs
Vertical partitioning – divide tables based on features
Directory partitioning – query directory server that holds the mapping between each tuple key
to its DB server
Challenges – ACID compliance because of distributed data, joins are inefficient

Indexes
Improve data retrieval, slower writes, but faster reads
Ordered indexing – sorted order
Hashing indexing – index is based on hash function, faster

Proxy Server
intermediary between client and server
filter requests, cache responses, collate multiple requests into a single request
used to bypass IP address blocking

Message Queue
Used for async communication
Producer and consumer – producer added messages to the queue, consumer can read those
messages
SQL vs No-SQL
SQL – rows and columns, fixed schema, vertically scalable,
No-SQL – no fixed schema, query based on collection of documents, difficult ACID compliance,
horizontal scaling
wide-column DB – column families, suited for analyzing large datasets, Cassandra, HBase
Graph DB – Neo4j, data is saved in graph structure with nodes and properties

Microservices
Monolithic architecture – single application contains all the logic, bad fault tolerance, no agility
Microservices – decouple logic into independent applications, easier to update and test

REST API
End points for request and response, end points connect to DB and contain business logic
Uniform interface – manipulation of data is done through representation
Stateless – all states are accessed using query and parameters, server does not store much
Caching responses

Hashing
Used to index data
Cryptography
Easy to compute, minimal collision, even distribution

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