LESSON PLAN (MODERN TEACHING APPROACH)

A. LESSON INFORMATION
DATE:
CLASS:
TIME:
DURATION: PERIOD:
SUBJECT: Mathematics
THEME: Equation
TOPIC: Simple Equation
SUB-TOPIC: Change of subject of the formula
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the student should to:
i. Change of simple equation subject of formulae
ii. Change subject of formula involving brackets, roots and powers.
iii. Change subject of formula and substitution.
INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES: Charts displaying the various types of simple equation.
B. PRESENTATION:
The teacher presents the lesson with the steps below:
STEP I: Identification of prior idea.
Mode: Individual
Teacher’s Activities: Instructs the student to identify the simple equation on the chart
displayed.
Students’ Activities: Student identifies the simple equation on the chart displayed.
STEP II: Exploration
Mode: Entire class
Teacher’s Activities: Guides the entire class to change the formulae of simple equation..
Students’ Activities: Students change formulae of simple equations.

Changing the subject of a formula

Once you have understood the basic principles of mathematical formulae, you can tackle more
complex problems such as hanging the subject of a formula.

Changing the subject of a formula is very similar to using inverses to solve mathematical
equations.

Therefore you must remember the following rules:

• adding and subtracting are the opposite of one another

• multiplying and dividing are the opposite of one other
 • when using inverses you must perform the same method to both sides of the equation

Example
1. To make ‘u’ the subject of the formula in v = u + at,

Solution
v - at = u + a̶t̶ - a̶t̶ [subtract at from both sides]

v - at = u

or, u = v - at

2. To make ‘t’ the subject of the formula, v = u + at,

Solution

v - u = u̶ + at - u̶ [subtract u from both sides]

v - u = at

On dividing both sides by a we get;

(v - u)/a = a̶t/a̶

or, (v - u )/a = t

or, t = (v - u)/a

3. Make 'x' the subject of the formula:

Z = 4x + 4y

Solution
(a) - To make 'x' the subject of this formula, first you must move 4y to the other side of the
equals sign:

Z(- 4y) = 4x + 4y (-4y)

Z -4y = 4x

Now you need to get 'x' on its own so you must divide both sides by 4. By doing so you have
changed the subject of the formula from 'Z' to 'x' :

4x ÷4 = (Z- 4y) ÷ 4

x = (Z -4y)/ 4

STEP III: Discussion

Mode: Entire class
Teacher’s Activities: Leads the student to change subject of formula involving brackets, roots
and powers

Example
(b) - Make 'q' the subject of the formula :

P = 4/7 (Q - 28)

Solution
(b) - When you have to change the subject of a formula which includes a fraction, you must
first multiply both sides of the formula by the denominator of the fraction to get rid of it:

P x 7 = 4/7 (Q - 28) x 7

7P = 4(Q - 28)

Next you must expand the brackets on the right hand side of the formula:

7P= 4Q - 112

From here, you can get 4Q on its own and divide to get Q:

7P +112 = 4Q

Q = (7P +112) / 4

Example
(c) - Make 'b' the subject of the formula:

C = b2 / 8π

Solution
(c) - Multiply both sides by 8π:

8πC = b2

Take square roots to get b on its own:

b = √(8πC)

Example
(d) - Make 'a' the subject of the formula:

s = ut +½at2

Solution
(d) - First subtract 'ut' from both sides:

s - ut = ½at2

Then multiply both sides by 2 to get rid of the fraction:

at2 = 2(s - ut)

Finally, divide both sides by t2 to get 'a' on its own:

at2 ÷ t2 = 2(s - ut) ÷ t2

a = 2(s - ut) / t2

Students’ Activities: Students contributes, ask questions and take down notes.

STEP IV: Application

Mode: Entire class
Teacher’s Activities: Guides the entire class to apply change subject of formula and
substitution
Students’ Activities: Students solve some problems on change subject of formula and
substitution

More worked-out problems to change the subject of a formula

4. Write the formula for finding the area of the rectangle and indicate the subject in this formula.
Also, make l as the subject. If A = 42 cm² and b = 6 cm, then find l.

Solution:

If area is denoted by A, length by l and breadth by b,

then area of the rectangle is given by A = l × b

In this formula, A is the subject.

When we change the subject, i.e., make l as the subject then the formula becomes l = A/b

In order to find the value of l, substituting the value of A and b,

we get l = 4̶2̶/6̶ cm

Therefore, length (l) = 7 cm.

5. For a right angled triangle, square of the hypotenuse (h) is equal to the sum of squares of its
other two sides (p, b).

• Frame the formula for the above statement and find out h if p = 4 and
b = 3.

• Also, make ‘p’ the subject of the formula and find p if h = 10 and
b = 8.
Solution:

From the above statement,

h² = p² + b²

When p = 4 and b = 3

h² = 4² + 3²

= 16 + 9

h² = 25

h² = 5²

Therefore, h = 5

Changing the subject,

p² = h² - b²

p = √(h² - b²)

= √(10² - 8²)

= √(100 - 64)

= √36

= 6 [when h = 10 and b = 8]

6. In the formula, l = a + (n - 1)d make d as the subject. Find d when

l = 10, a = 2, n = 5.

Solution:

d = (l - a)/(n - 1) where d is the required subject

Now, substituting the values of l, a, n in the formula;

we get, d = (10 - 2)/(5 - 1)

= 8/4

= 2.
EVELUATION: The teacher assesses the lesson through the following questions:

(a) - Make 'a' the subject of the formula: s = vk +½as2

(b) In the formula, U = a + (n - 1)d make d as the subject. Find d when l = 20, a = 4, n = 10.
C. CONCLUSION: The teacher goes round to assess the student’s work and gives
correction on the board for student to copy.
D. ASSIGNMENT:

(a) - Make 't' the subject of the formula: s = ut +½at2

(b) In the formula, l = a + (n - 1)d make n as the subject. Find n when

l = 10, a = 2, d = 5.
E. REFERENCES:
a. J. Olowofeso, 2014, Multipurpose Mathematics for Senior Secondary Schools.
b. H. N. Odogwu etal, New Concept Mathematics for Senior Secondary Schools
 LESSON PLAN (MODERN TEACHING APPROACH)
A. LESSON INFORMATION
DATE:
CLASS:
TIME:
DURATION: PERIOD:
SUBJECT: Mathematics
THEME: Simple Equations
TOPIC: Subject of formula and substitution
SUB-TOPIC: Formula involving brackets, roots and powers.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the student should to:
i. Change of subject of formulae
ii. Determine subject of formula, involving brackets, roots and powers.
iii. Perform subject of formula and substitution.

INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES: Objects in the classroom, sets of students.

B. PRESENTATION:
The teacher presents the lesson with the steps below:
STEP I: Identification of prior idea.
Mode: Individual
Teacher’s Activities: Instructs the student to identify the simple equation on the chart
displayed.
Students’ Activities: Student identifies the simple equation on the chart displayed.
STEP II: Exploration
Mode: Entire class
Teacher’s Activities: Leads the student to change subject of formula.

Example
(a) - Make 'q' the subject of the formula :

P = 4/7 (Q - 28)

Solution
(a) - When you have to change the subject of a formula which includes a fraction, you must
first multiply both sides of the formula by the denominator of the fraction to get rid of it:

P x 7 = 4/7 (Q - 28) x 7

7P = 4(Q - 28)

Next you must expand the brackets on the right hand side of the formula:

7P= 4Q - 112
From here, you can get 4Q on its own and divide to get Q:

7P +112 = 4Q

Q = (7P +112) / 4

Example
(b) - Make 'b' the subject of the formula:

C = b2 / 8π

Solution
(b) - Multiply both sides by 8π:

8πC = b2

Take square roots to get b on its own:

b = √(8πC)

Example
(c) - Make 'a' the subject of the formula:

s = ut +½at2

Solution
(c) - First subtract 'ut' from both sides:

s - ut = ½at2

Then multiply both sides by 2 to get rid of the fraction:

at2 = 2(s - ut)

Finally, divide both sides by t2 to get 'a' on its own:

at2 ÷ t2 = 2(s - ut) ÷ t2

a = 2(s - ut) / t2

Students’ Activities: Students contributes, ask questions and take down notes.
STEP III: Discussion
Mode: Entire class
Teacher’s Activities: Leads the student to determine subject of formula, involving brackets,
roots and powers
Students’ Activities: Students determine subject of formula, involving brackets, roots and
powers.
E.g. 1: Make z the subject of the relation
 m+ z b 2 w2
p= d2 =
m(1 + mz) 1− b 2 x

Solution b 2 w2
d=
1 − b2 x
m+ z
p=
m(1 + mz)

Squaring both sides, we have E.g. 3: Make g the subject in

m+ z m+ z 1 x
p2 = = H=
m(1 + mz) m + m 2 z 2 g

p2(m + m2z) = m + z Solution:

p2m + p2m2z = m + z 1 x
H=
2 g
p2m2z – z = m – p2m

z(p2m2 – 1) = m(1 – p2) x

2H =
g
m(1 − p 2 )
.: z= 2 2
p m −1 x
(2H ) 2 =
g
E.g. 2: Make d the subject of the relation.
. : (2H ) g = x
2

d
b=
w + xd 2
2
x
g=
(2H ) 2
Solution:

E.g. 4: Make x the subject in

d
b=
w 2 + xd 2 a/y – b/x = r2

b w 2 + xd 2 = d Solution:

a/y – b/x = r2
Square both sides

ax − by
b2(w2 + xd2) = d2 = r2
xy
b2w2 + b2xd2 = d2
ax – by = xyr2
d – b xd = b w
2 2 2 2 2

ax – xyr2 = by
d (1 – b x) = b w
2 2 2 2
. : x(a – yr2) = by 1
 R 4
A= 
by D−R
x=
a − yr 2
R
. : A4 =
D−R

A4(D – R) = R

E.g. 5: Make R the subject of the relation A4D – A4R = R

A4D = R + A4R
R
A=4
D−R A4D = R(1 + A4)

Solution: A4 D
.: R=
1 + A4
R
A=4
D−R

STEP IV: Application

Mode: Entire class
Teacher’s Activities: Guides the entire class to solve a problem on change of formula and
substitution.
Students’ Activities: Student solves a problem on change of formula and substitution
E.g. 11: Make q the subject of the relation

y + xq wx 2 − y
x−q = and hence find q when x q=
wx x + wx
= - 1, w = 2, y = 1.
2(−1) 2 − 1
Solution: q=
− 1 + 2(−1)

y + xq
x−q = 2(1) − 1
wx q=
−1− 2
(x – q)wx = y + xq
2 −1
q=
wx2 – qwx = y + xq −3

wx2 – y = xq + qwx 1
q=−
3
wx2 – y = q(x + wx)
EVALUATION: The teacher assesses the lesson through the following questions:
Make c the subject in

− b + b 2 − 4ac
x= . Find c, if a = 2, x = 4, b = 1.
2a

C. CONCLUSION: The teacher goes round to assess the student’s work and gives
correction on the board for student to copy.
D. ASSIGNMENT:
1. Make d the subject of the relation

v = rt − 1 dt 2
2

2. Make q the subject of the relation

y + xq
x−q = and hence find q when x = - 1, w = 2, y = 1.
wx

E. REFERENCES:
a. H. N. Odogwu etal, New Concept Mathematics for Senior Secondary Schools J.
b. Multipurpose Mathematics for SS1 – 3, by Olowofeso, 2010