VARIATION OF
CONDUCTANCE WITH
TEMPERATURE IN
ELECTROLYTES
NAME: NISHANT
SCHOOL: BANSI VIDYA
NIKETAN
ROLL NO:
INDEX
1. Certificate
2. Acknowledgement
3. Aim
4. Apparatus
5. Important Terms
6. Conductivity
7. Factors Affecting Electrical Conductivity
8. Procedure
9. Physical Constants
10. Observation Set
11. Graph of Observation Set
12. Result
13. Conclusion
14. Precautions
15. Bibliography
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Nishant student of
Class XII ‘A’ Bansi Vidya Niketan School
has completed the project titled Variation
in Conductance of Electrolytes during the
academic year 2024-25 towards partial
fulfillment of credit for Chemistry Practical
evaluation of AISSCE 2025 and submitted
in following pages under my supervision.
ACkNOWLEDgEMENT
There are times when silence speaks so much
more loudly than words of praise to only as good
as belittle a person, whose words do not express,
but only put a veneer over true feelings, which are
of gratitude at this point of time.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my
chemistry teacher Mr. Sushil Kumar, for his vital
support, guidance and encouragement-without
which this project would not have come forth. I
would also like to express gratitude to my parents,
friends and classmates for their support and co-
operation.
AIM
To find the Variation of
Conductance with
Temperature in Electrolytes
APPARATUS
Glass Beaker, CuSO4
Solution, Cu Electrodes,
ZnSO4 Solution, Zn
Electrodes, Rheostat, Battery
eliminator, Water, Burner,
Thermometer, Flask
Ammeter, Voltmeter
IMPORTANT TERMS
# Conductance: The property of ease of
flow of electric current through a body.
# Resistance: The obstacle offered to the
flow of electric current.
# Electrolysis: The operation in which
electricity causes chemical reaction.
OHM’S LAW:
It states that current flowing through our
assistance is directly proportional to the
potential difference applied across its
ends.
V=IR
Faraday’s Laws:
1. First Law: The mass of a substance
produced or consumed in electrolysis is
directly proportional to the quantity of
charge passing through it.
2. Second Law: The mass of a substance
produced in electrolysis directly
proportional to its equivalent mass.
W1/E1=W2/E2=W3/E3
3. Third Law: The mass of a substance
produced in electrolysis is directly
proportional to the number of electrons
per mole needed to cause desired change
in oxidation state.
CONDUCTIvITY
When voltage is applied to electrodes
emerged into an electrolyte solution, ions
of electrolyte move and thus, electric
current flows through the electrolytic
solution. The electrolytic solution and the
metal conductors exhibit resistance to the
passage of the current, both of which
obey Ohm’s law.
The reciprocal of resistance is called
conductance
SI Unit: Siemens, 1/Ohm or mho.
If a solution is placed between two parallel
electrodes having cross -sectional area A
and distance L between them is given by:
R=1/C
is known as Resistivity. It’s reciprocal
gives the conductivity of solution, which is
denoted by K.
It’s unit is Siemens.
K=1/R*L/A
L/A is fixed c/d cell constant.
FACTORS AFFECTINg
ELECTRICAL
CONDUCTIvITY
THE FACTORS WHICH AFFECT THE
ELECTRICAL CONNECTIvITY OF
SOLUTIONS ARE:
1. Inter ionic attraction-
Depends upon solute- Solute
interactions
2. Salvation of ions-
Depends upon solute- Solvent
interactions
3. Viscosity of the solvent-
Depends upon solvent-solvent
interactions
PROCEDURE
1. The electrolyte chosen is ZnSO4 and
electrodes are of Zn.
2. Readings for the measurement of
conductance are taken at interval of 3℃
3. Proper precautions are taken to avoid
evaporation and to keep other factors
constant.
4. The vessels and electrodes are removed and
the vessel is cleaned and filled with ZnSO4.
5. The electrodes are reflected in their original
place so that the distance between them does
not change.
6. Current is passed and when the voltmeter and
ammeter show steady readings they are
noted.
7. The current is switched off.
8. It is seen that while the ammeter readings
return at once to 0 position. Voltmeter readings
pauses.
9. This reading indicates the back EMF in
electrolyte.
10. Similarly, more sets of reading are taken.
11. Thus, value of conductance is calculated.
12. The switched on circuits in voltmeter and
ammeter are taken.
13. The current through electrolyte changed by
adjusting rheostat.
14. Thus, mean value of the resistance is
calculated.
PHYSICAL CONSTANTS
For the purpose of accuracy and
convenience some important aspects of
the electrolyte process are kept constant
in the experiment as their variation might
affect the conductivity of the electrolyte.
- Voltage
- Nature of electrodes
- Size of electrodes
- Separation b/w electrodes
- Concentration of electrolytes
- Nature of electrolytes
ObSERvATION SET-1
For ZnSO4, electrolyte with Zn
electrodes.
gRAPH OF ObSERvATION
SET-1
ZINC SULPHATE ELECTROLYTE
ObSERvATION SET-2
For CuSO4 Electrolyte
gRAPH OF ObSERvATION
SET-2
COPPER SULPHATE ELECTROLYTE
RESULT
The relevant graph shows that the
1/Resistance of an electrolyte
increases at a steady rate as the
temperature increases.
PRECAUTIONS
- Variation of resistance due to one of the
factor should be kept constant.
- The electrodes used in each case
should always be kept parallel to each
other.
- The solution should be kept undisturbed
throughout the experiment.
- For each observation, 3 readings are
taken and the mean value is considered.
