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Solution - HW6

This homework assignment for ME 514 - Fluid Dynamics includes problems related to the vorticity equation, the curl of the gradient of a scalar field, and incompressible fluid flow analysis. Students are required to derive and explain various equations, compute vorticity, and discuss the evolution of vorticity in a given flow field. Additionally, the assignment covers the Kelvin Circulation Theorem and its implications in fluid dynamics.

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38 views4 pages

Solution - HW6

This homework assignment for ME 514 - Fluid Dynamics includes problems related to the vorticity equation, the curl of the gradient of a scalar field, and incompressible fluid flow analysis. Students are required to derive and explain various equations, compute vorticity, and discuss the evolution of vorticity in a given flow field. Additionally, the assignment covers the Kelvin Circulation Theorem and its implications in fluid dynamics.

Uploaded by

qifengkai2022
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ME 514 - Fluid Dynamics

Homework #6
Fall 2024
Deadline: Friday, October 4, 2024

1. (10 pt) In deriving the vorticity equation, we arrived at the following line:

⃗
∂V ⃗ = ⃗g + ∇ · (−pI + σ)
⃗ · ∇V
+V
∂t ρ
which was then written as:

⃗
∂V ⃗ = ⃗g − ∇p + ∇ · σ
⃗ · ∇V
+V
∂t ρ ρ
|{z}
?

Is the underbraced term with a question mark correct in the second equation, or should it instead be the
divergence of pressure (i.e. ∇·p
ρ )? Explain your answer.

Hint: You may want to use this identity:

∇ · (pI) = (∇p) · I + p(∇ · I)

where I is the identity tensor.

2. (10 pt) Using index notation, prove that the curl of the gradient of a scalar field is zero, that is

∇ × ∇ϕ = 0
(This was used in deriving the vorticity equation.)

3. (10 pt) In deriving the vorticity equation, we obtained the following expression:
   
 ∂V⃗ 
V2 

∇p ⃗) µ
(∇ · V
⃗ ×ω 2⃗ 
 
∇×  ∂t + ∇  = ∇ × V ⃗ + ∇G − +(λ + µ)∇ + ∇ V
2   |{z} ρ ρ ρ 
| {z } =0 |{z}
=0 ?

The underbraced terms were set equal to zero since they represent the curl of the gradient of a scalar. Why
∇p
was ∇ × not set equal to zero?
ρ

4. (20 pt) A two-dimensional incompressible fluid flow has the following velocity field:
⃗ = −y î + xĵ
V

a. Draw the velocity arrows on an x-y plot at the following coordinates (this gives you an idea of how the
flow field will look):

(1, 0), (2, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2), (−1, 0), (−2, 0), (0, −1), (0, −2)

b. Based on your answer in the previous part, predict whether the flow is rotational or irrotational (note
that it is challenging to answer this question with certainty just by evaluating the plotted flow field).
c. Write down the vorticity equation for an incompressible flow (writing just the equation is enough).

d. Compute the vorticity ω ⃗ (using ω


⃗ of the given velocity field V ⃗ ).
⃗ =∇×V
⃗ in the vorticity transport equation.
⃗ · ∇V
e. Calculate the term ω

1
f. Compute the diffusion term ν∇2 ω
⃗.
D⃗
ω
g. Based on your results, explain how the vorticity evolves in this flow field ( ). Does the vorticity
Dt
change over time?

5. (10 pts) Answer the following questions about the concept of circulation.

a. Write down the Kelvin Circulation Theorem.


b. In the boundary layer of a flow where viscous effects are important, the circulation around a closed
curve is 2 m2 /s at time t. Can we conclude that the circulation around the same closed curve will
remain 2 m2 /s at time t + ∆t? Explain your reasoning.

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