17. b.

Explain the steps to be followed in formal research

Ans:

Steps of research
Conducting research involves a systematic process that typically follows a series of steps.
While the specific steps may vary depending on the nature of the research, the following
are commonly recognized steps in the research process:

Identify the Research Problem:

Clearly define the research problem or question that you aim to address. This step involves
understanding the background, context, and significance of the research issue.

Review the Literature:

Conduct a comprehensive review of existing literature and research related to your topic.
This helps you understand what is already known, identify gaps in knowledge, and inform
the development of your research hypothesis or questions.

Formulate the Research Hypothesis or Questions:

Based on the literature review, articulate a clear research hypothesis (for quantitative
research) or research questions (for qualitative research).These should guide your study and
provide a framework for data collection and analysis.

Define the Research Design:

Choose an appropriate research design based on the nature of your research problem and
the type of data you intend to collect. Common research designs include experimental,
correlational, descriptive, and qualitative designs.

Select the Sampling Method:

Determine the target population and select a sampling method to identify participants or
subjects for your study. This step involves specifying the criteria for inclusion and exclusion
in your sample.

Develop Research Instruments:

If applicable, design the tools or instruments for data collection. This could include surveys,
questionnaires, interviews, experiments, or observations. Ensure that your instruments
align with your research questions and objectives.

Pilot Test the Instruments:

Conduct a pilot study to test the reliability and validity of your research instruments. This
helps identify any potential issues or adjustments needed before the main data collection
phase.

Collect Data:
Implement your data collection plan. This may involve administering surveys, conducting
interviews, running experiments, or collecting observations. Ensure that data collection
procedures are consistent and well-documented.

Analyze Data:
Use appropriate statistical or qualitative analysis methods to examine the collected data.
Analyze the results in relation to your research questions or hypotheses. This step may
involve statistical tests, coding, thematic analysis, or other techniques.
Interpret Results:
Interpret the findings in the context of your research questions or hypotheses. Discuss the
implications of your results, acknowledge any limitations, and compare your findings to
existing literature.

Draw Conclusions:
Based on your interpretation of the results, draw conclusions about whether your research
questions are answered or your hypotheses are supported. Discuss the broader implications
of your study and potential areas for future research.

Communicate Findings:
Prepare a research report or paper that communicates your study's methodology, findings,
and conclusions. This may involve writing a research paper, creating a presentation, or
submitting findings to a conference or journal.

Reflect and Revise:

Reflect on the research process and outcomes. Consider what went well, what could be
improved, and how the research contributes to the broader field. Use this reflection to
inform future research endeavours.
16.a
15.b. Draw the line graph for the data relating to foreign trade of India during the years

Year Exports (Rs in crore) Imports (Rs in crore)

1991-1992 3300 2000

1992-1993 4000 2500

1993-1994 5700 2800

1994-1995 6300 3000

1995-1996 6700 3500

1996-1997 6000 3800

1997-1998 6500 4000

16.b. The ratio of the students in arts, science and commerce faculties is [Link]. If the number
of students in science faculty is 236, find the number of students in Arts and Commerce
faculties.
Ans:
Let the number of students in Arts be ( 5x ).
Let the number of students in Science be ( 4x ).
Let the number of students in Commerce be ( 3x ).
Science=236, therefore 4x=236
x=236/4 => x=59
Number of students in Arts: [ 5x = 5 X59 = 295 ]
Number of students in Commerce: [ 3x = 3 X 59 = 177 ]
Thus, the number of students in the Arts faculty is 295, and the number of students in the
Commerce faculty is 177.
17. a. Briefly explain the different types of research?
Ans:

[Link] RESEARCH: This is also known as basic or pure research. This kind of
research helps to generate new information in a fundamental fashion
This is generally based on the principle of generalization. Sometimes it can experiment in a
laboratory also.
Ex: Darwin's theory of Evolution
2. APPLIED RESEARCH: Theories developed by fundamental research are further applied
to actual operational fields or population. Applied research is useful because it provides
convincing evidence to the usefulness of basic research or theory. It helps to find a solution
for real life problems and situations.
Ex: Marketing and medical research
3: ACTION RESEARCH :As the name suggests, this kind of research is action oriented. It is
undertaken to find an immediate solution to a problem. Sometimes the research or authority
itself takes an action.
Ex: Testing the purity of water and taking steps to improve the quality of water
4. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH. It is the description of the State of affairs as they are, in
their own right. This means the researchers has no control over the variables. They should
describe it as it is. Some of the methods are used for descriptive method are field surveys,
case studies and interviews.
Ex: A qualitative study undertaken to learn about the preference of children to go to school in
Rural India.
[Link] RESEARCH. This is based on the use of information already available to
the researcher and making an analysis using logic and reasoning. This is usually an in-depth
study. This requires the use of critical thinking and evaluation.
Ex: The study conducted to find the reasons for the decline of a currency value.
[Link] RESEARCH. Quantitative research is concerned with numbers. It is
carried out to study a phenomenon that can be expressed in numbers. Quantitative research is
usually deductive in nature and begins with a given theory. Statistical concepts and software
are used to carry out this kind of research.
17. b. Briefly explain the different learning styles.
Ans: Refer MQP 2 Q 11
18. a. Briefly explain the types of communication.
Ans:
Types
[Link] and Non-Verbal Communication
[Link] and Informal Communication
a) Verbal Communication: The communication happens through verbally, vocally or through
written words which express or convey the message to other is called verbal communication.
It is one of the most common types, often used during presentations, video conferences and
phone calls, meetings and one-on-one conversations.
Verbal communication is important because it is efficient.
Factors of Effective Verbal communication:
1. Think before you speak
2. Speak with confidence
3. Be clear and concise
4. Be a good listener
Types of Verbal Communication
Oral Communication:
A communication which happens through word of mouth, spoken words, conversations and
also any messages or information are shared or exchanged between one another through
speech or word of mouth is called oral communication.
Example: Public speech, News reading, Television, Radio, telephone and mobile
conversations.
Written Communication:
A communication happens through any word written or often written sign which refers the
languages uses in any medium is called written communication. Example: Newspaper,
printed word documents, letters, books and magazines.

b) Nonverbal communication: is the use of body language, gestures and facial expressions to
convey information to others
It can be used both intentionally and unintentionally.
For example: you might smile unintentionally when you hear a pleasing or enjoyable idea or
piece of information. Nonverbal communication is helpful when trying to understand others'
thoughts and feelings.
c) Formal Communication:
Formal Communication refers to the communication taking place through official channels in
an organization. Such type of communication takes place between managers or employees. It
may be oral or written but complete record of such communication is maintained in an
organization.
d) Informal Communication:
Sometime, communication leads to rumours and thus creates confusion in the organization.
However, at times it proves to be very helpful to the managers as the information through
these channels can be spread very rapidly to know the reactions of the workers etc.
b. Write the role of UGC in recent development in the field of education
Ans:
1. Establishment of New Guidelines: UGC has introduced flexible and
multidisciplinary learning guidelines in line with the National Education Policy 2020.
2. Funding and Financial Support: UGC allocates funds to enhance infrastructure and
research capabilities in higher education institutions.
3. Quality Assurance and Accreditation: UGC sets standards for academic programs
and conducts evaluations to ensure quality across institutions.
4. Promotion of Research and Innovation: UGC provides grants and support for
research projects, encouraging a culture of inquiry in higher education.
5. Curriculum Development: UGC regularly updates curricula to align with global
standards and industry needs.
6. Inclusivity and Accessibility: UGC promotes equal access to education for
marginalized groups through supportive policies.
7. International Collaboration: UGC fosters partnerships between Indian and foreign
universities to enhance global educational standards.
8. Technological Integration: UGC encourages the use of digital learning methods and
online assessments to modernize education.
 V Semester B.C.A. Degree Examination, February/March - 2024
SECTION-A

I. Answer any Four questions.

1. Find the HCF of 513, 1134 and 1215 by division method.

Ans: Refer MQP 1 Q 1

2.A train travels for 6 hours at 90 km/h find the distance.

Ans: Refer MQP 2 Q 2

3. From a point P an a level ground, the angle of elevation of the top tower is 60°. If the tower is
180 m high, find the distance of point P from the foot of the tower?

Ans: Refer MQP 1 Q 3

4. Define qualitative and quantitative data.

Ans: Refer MQP 2 Q 4

5. Name the four basic requirements of teaching.

Ans: Refer MQP 1 Q 5

[Link] is research ethics?

Ans: Refer MQP 2 Q 6

SECTION-B

II. Answer any Four questions.

[Link] cost of 4 bags and 3 boxes is Rs. 555 and the cost of 3 bags and 4 boxes is Rs. 460. What is
the cost of one bag?

Ans: Refer MQP 1 Q 7

8. Find the cube root of 571787.

Ans: Refer MQP 2 Q 8

[Link] banker's gain on a bill due in 4 months discounted to 15% is Rs. 720. Find TD, BD and
face value of bill.

Ans: Refer MQP 2 Q 9

10. If4 men and 6 women can complete it in 10 days. In how many days will 10 women complete
it?

Ans: Refer MQP 1 Q 9

11. Explain the factors affecting the teaching.

Ans: Refer MQP 1 Q 11

12. Write a note on evaluation system.

Ans: Refer MQP 2 Q 12

SECTION-C

III. Write any Four questions.

13. a) If 8x.2y=512 and 33x+2y=96 then what is the value of x and y.

Ans: Refer MQP 1 Q 13.a

b) Three years ago, the age of father was 7 times that of his son. Three years hence the father's
age would be four times that of his son. What are the present ages of father and his son.

Ans: Refer MQP 2 Q 13.b

14. a) A person travels from a place P to Q at the speed of 40 km/h and return at a speed of 10
km/h. What is the average speed of the person for the whole journey.

Ans: Refer MQP 2 Q 14.a

b) Draw a pie chart for the following data.

Item of Expenditure Amount spent (in rupees)

Food 3750

Health 1875

Clothing 1875

Education 1200

Ans: Refer MQP 1 Q 14.b

15. a)Draw the bar graphs for the population of two states over the years given below

Year Population A (in Lakhs) Population B (in Lakhs)

2001 48 50
2002 58 63
2003 60 60
2004 65 45
2005 49 70
2006 68 80
2007 80 100
Ans: Refer MQP 1 Q 15.a

b) The top of a 25 meter high tower makes an angle of elevation of 45 degree with the bottom of
an electric pole and angle of elevation of 30 degree with the top of pole. Find the height of the
electric pole.

Ans: Refer MQP 1 Q 15.b

16. a) Find the difference between simple and compound interest on Rs. 3,000 in 3 years at 4%
p.a.

Ans: Refer MQP 1 Q 16.a

b) The ratio of the students in arts, science and commerce faculties is [Link]. If the number of
students in science faculty is 236. Find the number of students in Arts and commerce faculties.

Ans: Refer MQP 2 Q 16.b

17. a) Explain the types of teaching aid.

Ans: Refer MQP 1 Q 17.a

b) Briefly explain the types of communication.

Ans: Refer MQP 2 Q 18.a

18. a) How it plays a major role in effective teaching. Briefly explain the different types of
research.

Ans: MQP 2 Q 17.a

b) Write a note on

I. Seminar.

ii. Workshop.

iii. Symporium.

Ans: Refer MQP 1 Q 18.b

 V BCA - Quantitative Techniques Model Questions

Short Questions

[Link] 1605 x 1605.

Ans :2,576,025 ( Do it in step wise)

2.A number is as much greater than 36 as is less than [Link] the number
Ans : Let the number be x
X-36=86-X
X – 36 -86 +X
2X-122 =0
2X=122
X=61(Ans)

[Link] of communication?
● Ans :Verbal Communication. Verbal communication occurs when we engage
in speaking with others. ...
● Non-Verbal Communication. What we do while we speak often says more
than the actual words. ...
● Written Communication. ...
● Listening. ...
● Visual Communication.

(𝑎+2)(𝑏+3)
4. If a*b*c= 𝐶+1
,then find the value of 6*15*3.
Ans : The Value of 6 15 3 can be written as following
(6 + 2)(15 + 3)(𝑐 + 1) = 8 × 184 = 2 ×18 = 36 =6

5. If Log10 125 +log10 8 =x then xis equal to?

Ans : If Log10 125 +log10 8 =x
when base is same of log , arguments can be multiplied if log are in addition
⇒
since when base and arguments are same then log equals to 1
thus we have 3 = x
or x =3(Ans)
6. In How many Ways can the letter of the word “LEADER “ be arranged ?
Ans : Number of letter in the word =6

The number of times letter E is present =2

6! 6 ×5 × 4 × 3 × 2× 1
2!
= 2× 1
= 360(Ans)

7. X does a work in 10 days and Y does the same work in 15 days. In how many
days they together will do the same work ?
1
Ans : A’s 1 one day work = 10
1
B’s 1 one work = 15
1 1
(A +B) 1 day work = 10 + 15
3+2 5 1
= 30
= 30
=6
Both A and B together will finish the work in 6 days.(Ans)

8. A Girl buys an Article for Rs 27.50 and sells it for 28.60 .Find his profit
percentage.

Ans : Cost Price = Rs 27.50

Selling Price =Rs 28.60
Gain=28.60 – 27.50 = Rs 1.10
1.10
Profit Percentage = 27.50 ×100 = 4%(Ans)

36 48 72
9. LCM of 225
, 150
, 65
.

Ans :LCM Of 36,48,72 =144(Do the steps)

HCF of 225,150,65= 5(Do the steps)

𝐿𝐶𝑀 𝑂𝑓 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 144

LCM Fraction = 𝐻𝐶𝐹 𝑜𝑓 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟
= 5
.(Ans)

15 27 48
10. Value of log ( 16 ) - log( 45
) + log ( 75 ) .

15 27 48
Ans: log ( 16 ) - log( 45 ) + log ( 75 ) .

15 48 27
Log ( 16 × 75
) - log( 45 )
Log (1) =0(Ans)
Long Questions

1. Factors affecting the teaching methodologies?

Ans : Some factors that affect the effectiveness of teaching.

1. Educational Qualification
Teachers should have minimum qualification required for the class level
they are teaching. Specialized teachers in a particular field are more
effective than unspecialized teachers.
2. Skills
Teachers should have the necessary skills for teaching such as
presentation and communication skills. These skills can be learned
through training.
3. Building Trust
Teachers should build a trusting relationship with students to create a
safe and positive learning environment.

4. Pace of Teaching and Learning

Teaches should adjust the pace of teaching according to the needs of the
students.

5. Ability to Engage Students

Teachers should have the ability to engage students through teaching

methods and activities that are adjusted according to the characteristic of
the students.

6. Personality of Teacher

Teachers should have a patient, caring, and kind personality to ensure a

productive learning environment.

7. Learners

The aptitude, attitude ,personality, prior Knowledge , age , and level of

determination of the learners influence the effectiveness of teaching.

2. IfP’s income is 70% of Q’s. Q’s income is 50% of R’s. If R’s income

is 1, 00,[Link] what is P’s income?

Ans : To find A's income, we can follow the given information step by step.

First, we know that B's income is 50% of C's income, so B's income is 50,000
rupees.

Next, we know that A's income is 70% of B's income, so A's income is 70% of
50,000 rupees, which is 35,000 rupees.

Therefore, A's income is 35,000 rupees.

4. a)John’s age after 15years will be 5times his age 5year back. What is the
present age of John?

Ans: Let john’s present age be x years.

John’s age after 15 years = X+15 years.

John’s age 5 years back=X-5 years

X+15 = 5X - 5X + 15 =5X - 254X = 40X =10

Hence Rajeev’s present age is 10 years.(Ans)

𝑥−1 𝑥+1
b) Value of x 2 + 2 =1280?

Ans : 2X-1 + 2X +1 =1280.

1
2X ( 2 + 2 )=1280

5
2X ( 2 ) =1280

2X= 512

2X= 29

X = 9(Ans)

5. Research ethics.
6. Ans:Research ethics refers to guilelines that govern the ethical conduct
of research involving human participants or animals. These Principles
 are important because they ensure that research respects he rights ,
dignity , and wellbeing of the individuals or animals involved.

7. Example : Informed Consent , Privacy and Cinfidentiality

Research Ethics is crucial for the following reasons

1 Honesty : Research ethics ensures that researchers are honest and
truthful in their work.
2. Safety :Ethical guidelines help protect the safety and well being of
research participants.
3. Fairness: Research ethics promotes fairness and equality in the
treatment of research participants
4. Trust : Ethical practices help build trust between researchers and the
wider community.
5. GoodReputation: Adhering to ethical standards can enhance the
reputation of researchers and institutions within the scientific community.

6. Research aptitude and its Characteristics.

Ans : The term Research is made up of two words Re and search. Re means
again and search means to discover.

Research is an activity in academic, science and various professional fields. It

plays a role in expanding human knowledge, solving problems making
informed decisions and advancing society. It can be of the various forms like
Surveys, Data analysis, depending on goals and nature of the investigation.

Characteristic of Research

1 systematic: Research is a systematic process that follows a specific set of

steps to ensure that the results are reliable and valid.

2. Empiral : Research uses observations and data, not opinions to support

of findings.
3. Objective : Research is done in an objective way , which means that the
researchers tries to stay neutral and not let their personal opinions or
biases affect the results.
4. Replicable : Research should be replicable , meaning that others
researchers should be able to conduct the same studyand obtain
similar results.
5. Logical :Research is a logical process that involves the use of reasoning
and critical thinkings to analyze data and draw conclusions.
 6. Controlled : Research is done in a controlled environment to reduce the
influence of outside factors that could affect the outcomes.
7. Iterative : Research often involves iterative process where findings lead
to further questions and refinements in the research approach.
8. Communicative :It involves the communication of findings through
publications , presentations , and other means to contribute to the
broader scholarly conversation.

7. Two pipes can fill a tank in 10 hours and 12 hours respectively. While a third
pipe empties the full tank in 20 hours. If all 3 pipes operate simultaneously,in
how much time will the took be filled.
1
Ans: First inlet Pipe’s 1 Hour Work = 10
.

1
Second inlet pipe’s 1 Hour Work = 12

1
Third Outlet Pipe;sonehour work = 20 .

1 1 1
Three Pipes 1 hour work = 10
+ 12 - 20

6+5−3 8 4 2
= 60
= 60
= 30
= 15

15
The Tank will be full in 2
Hours = 7 Hours 30 Minutes(Ans) .

8.a) Teaching and its Characteristics ?

Ans:Research ethics refers to guilelines that govern the ethical conduct of
research involving human participants or animals. These Principles are
important because they ensure that research respects he rights , dignity ,
and wellbeing of the individuals or animals involved.

Example : Informed Consent , Privacy and Cinfidentiality

Research Ethics is crucial for the following reasons

1 Honesty : Research ethics ensures that researchers are honest and
truthful in their work.
2. Safety :Ethical guidelines help protect the safety and well being of
research participants.
3. Fairness: Research ethics promotes fairness and equality in the
treatment of research participants
4. Trust : Ethical practices help build trust between researchers and the
wider community.
5. GoodReputation: Adhering to ethical standards can enhance the
reputation of researchers and institutions within the scientific community.

b) Workshop, conference and symposium

Ans:. Workshop
A workshop is a practical session or seminar in which a group of people
engage in intensive discussion , training or work on a specific topic or project.
A workshop can be a valuable and interactive forum for researcher’s engage
in intensive discussions, training and collaborative work on specific topics or
projects.
Research workshops provide a platform for hands on training ,interactive
discussions and skill development , fostering project collaboration and
offering expert guidance. They contribute to professional development by
providing opportunities for knowledge acquisition and dissemination of
research findings, ultimately enhancing the research capability of participants
with in their respective fields.

Conference
A conference serves as a formal and structured gathering that brings
together professionals, researchers, scholars and experts within a specific
field or academic discipline. These conferences typically span several days
and provide a platform for participants to present and discuss their work,
share knowledge and engage in networking opportunities.
Research conferences are organized around various themes topics or
disciplines such as science technology social sciences humanities and more.
They often feature keynote speakers, Paper presentations, panel discussion,
workshops and poster sessions, allowing participants to showcase their
research findings ,exchange ideas , and receive feedback from papers and
experts in their respective fields.

Symposium
A Symposium is a specialized conference or meeting where a diverse group
of experts, scholars and specialist within a particular field gather to present
and discuss their work. Symposia are often focused on specific topics,
themes, areas of research , providing a platform for in depth exploration and
exchange of knowledge among participants.
Symposia often feature presentation, panel discussion and interactive
sessions that allow participants to share their expertise, exchange ideas and
gain insights from diverse perspectives .These events foster a collaborative
environment where in depth discussion and knowledge sharing contribute to
the advancements of research, the identification of emerging trends , and
the exploration of innovative approaches within the specific domain of focus.
It provides a platform for networking establishing professionals connections
and building interdisciplinary collaborations.

9. a)The average of weight of 8 articles is [Link] the average weight of 3 of

men is 20kg,then what’s the average weight of rest of the 5 articles

Ans : Let the average weight of the rest of the 5 articles is x.

Given that , the average weight of 8 article is 25 kg.
Therefore 25 X 8 = 20 X 3 +5 X x
200= 60 +5x
5x=140
X=28 kg

b)A thief is spotted by a policeman from a distance starts the chase the thief
also starts [Link] me speed of the thief be 10km/[Link] that of policeman
12km/hr, how far the thief will have run before he is overtaken?
Ans : Distance between Policeman and Thief =100m
Since speed of the thief is 10km/hr
And that of police is 12km/hr
5 5
Relative Speed =10-12 =2km/hr =2 × 18 = 9 m/s
5
Time taken by the police to overtake the thief =100 /( 9
) =180 sec
5
Distance travelled by the thief in 180 sec=180 ×8 × 18
= 400m(Ans)

9. a)If 20Women can build a wall 56meters long in [Link] length of a

similar wall can be built by 35Women in 3days?

Ans : Wall built by 20 Women in 6 days =50

50 50
Wall Built by 1 Women in 1 day = 20×6 = 120
50 ×35 ×3 50 ×35 50 ×7
Wall Built by 35 Women in 3 days = 120
= 40
= 8
=
49m(Ans)

b) Mahesh , Suresh and Arun started a business by investing rs1, 20,000 and
rs135,000 and rs 150000 respectively. Find the share of each out of an annual
profit of rs35700?
Ans : Ratio of A B and C = Ratio of their investments =120000 :135000 :150000
=8 :9:10
8
A’ share = Rs 35700 x 27 =10577
9
B’s Share= Rs 35700 x 27
= 11900
 10
C’s share = Rs 35700 x 27
=13222

10(a). A book was sold for Rs 27.50 with a profit of 10%. If it were sold for
Rs.25.75, what would have been the percentage of profit or loss?

Ans: Selling Price =Rs 27.50

Profit =10%
100
Cost Price = 110 ×27. 50 = 𝑅𝑠 25
Selling Price=25.75
Then Profit =25-25.75 =0.75
.75
Pass Percentage = 25 × 100 = 3%(Ans)

(b) By long division method find the square root of 14641.

Ans =121(Do the steps)

12 (a). In an examination 80 % of the students passed in English , 85%in

Mathematics , 75% in both English and mathematics. If 40 students failed in
both the subjects. Find the total number of students.

Ans : n(E) = 80
n(M)=75
n(E ∩M )= 75
n(E ∪M )=n(E)+n(M)=n(E∩M) =80 +85-75 =90
’
n(E ∪M ) =10
Let n be the total number of students appeared
10
100
× n = 40
n=400(Ans)

(b). A Boy takes 3 hrs 45 minutes to row a boat 15 km downstream of a river , 2

hours 30 minutes to cover a distance of 5 km upstream. Find the speed of the
river current in km/hr.

15
Ans : Speed Upstream= 3 =4 Km/hr
34
15
Speed Downstream = 1 = 2 Km/hr
22
1
Speed of current= 2
× (Speed Downstream –Speed Upstream)
1
= 2
× (4-2)
1
= 2
× (2)
 = 1 Km per hour

13 of the three numbers the first is twice the second and second is thrice the
third. If the average of three numbers is 10. What is the largest number ?

Ans : Let the 3 Numbers be A , B , c

B =2A =3C
𝐵
B = 2A = A = 2
𝐵
B=3C = C= 3
𝐴+𝐵+𝐶
3
=44
𝐵 𝐵
2
+B + 3
=132

3𝐵+6𝐵+2𝐵
6
=132

11𝐵
6
=132

6
B = 132 × 11
=72(Ans)

14(a).What least number when divided by 36, 24,16, leaves the remainder as11
in each case.

Ans : LCM of 36 , 24 , 16 = 144(Do the steps)

Now we need to get 11 as remainde in each case
144 +11 =155(Ans)

(b). Article, Workshop and Seminars.

Ans:Article
Articles are written pieces that serve as a means of sharing information ,
analysis, commentary on a specific topics or subject matter. They are
commonly found in various forms of media, including newspaper, magazines
and online platforms. These written works aim to inform, educate or
entertain readers while offerings insights and perspectives on diverse
subjects.

Workshop
A workshop is a practical session or seminar in which a group of people
engage in intensive discussion , training or work on a specific topic or project.
A workshop can be a valuable and interactive forum for researcher’s engage
in intensive discussions, training and collaborative work on specific topics or
projects.
Research workshops provide a platform for hands on training ,interactive
discussions and skill development , fostering project collaboration and
offering expert guidance. They contribute to professional development by
providing opportunities for knowledge acquisition and dissemination of
research findings, ultimately enhancing the research capability of participants
with in their respective fields.

Seminars
A seminar provides a platform for scholors experts and student to come
together and engage I discussions, presentations and knowledge sharing o
specific research topics or academic disciplines. It serves as a forum for
individuals wih a shred interest in a particular area of study to convence and
exchange ideas , present their research findings , and receive feedback from
peers and experts.
During seminar ,participants have the opportunity to discuss and explore
various aspects of their research , share their insights , and learn from the
experiences and perspectives of others in the field. This exchange of
knowledge and ideas contributes to the advancement of understanding
within the academic community and fosters collaboration among researchers
and scholars.

15(a). Communication and its characteristics.

Ans : Communication is a aspect of human interaction that has been present

since from the starting time.
It is a process of exchanging information ,thoughts , feelings between two or
more people and it plays a crucial role in our daily lives.
Communication can take many forms including verbal ,non verbal , written
and visual. It is used to convey messages, build relationships and achieve
common goals.
Characteristic of Communication
1. Interactive : Communication involves an exchange of messages
between participants allowing for feedback and response.
2. Dynamic : It is a dynamic process that can adapt and evolve based on
the participants context and medium of communication.
3. purposeful : Communication serves a specific purpose whether it is to
inform persuade entertain or express emotions.
4. Contextual : It is influenced by the context in which it occurs including
cultural social and environmental factors.
 5. Universal : Communication is a universal phenomenon occurring in
various forms across different cultures and societies.
6. Transactional : It involves the simultaneously Sending and receiving of
messages , with both parties playing active roles in the process.
7. Influential : It has the power to influence attitudes ,behaviors and
relationships, making it a potent force in human interaction.
8. Continuous : Communication is a continuous process that occurs in
various forms and thoughts different channels over time.

(b) . Effective classroom communication.

Ans:1 Active listening

Active Listening involve Paying attention to the speaker asking clarifying
questions and providing feedback. Teachers can model active listening by
maintaining eye contact ,nodding and summarizing the student’s message.
Students can also practice active listening by engaging in discussion,asking
questions , and paraphrasing their peer’s ideas.

2 Clear and concise languages

Using clear and concise language helps to ensure that the message is easily
understood by the audience. Teachers should avoid using jargon or technical
terms that may be unfamiliar to students. Students should also be
encouraged to use clear and concise language when expressing their ideas.

3 Non verbal communications

Non Verbal communication such as body language and facial expressions can
convey emotions and attitudes that complement or contradict verbal
communication. Teachers should be aware of their nonverbal cues and use
them to reinforce their messages. Students can also use nonverbal
communication to express their emotions and engage in discussion.

4 Open Communication Channels

Crating open communication channels such as class discussions, group
projects and one one meetings can encourage students to express their ideas
and provide feedback. Teachers should also be approachable and responsive
to students questions and concerns.

5 Feedback
Providing feedback is an essential component of effective communication.
Teachers should provide constructive feedback to students on their
performance , assignments , and projects .Students should also be encouragd
to provide feedback to their peers and teachers.

1. Respectful Communication
 Respectful communication involves treating others with dignity and
avoiding derogatory or offensive language. Teachers should model
respectful communication and encourage students to do the same.
Students should also be taught to express their ideas and opinions in
an respectful and constructive manner.

2. Technology
Technology can be used to enhance classroom communications such as
online discussion forums , video conferencing and educational apps .
Teachers should be trained in the use of technology and ensure that it
is used appropriately and effectively.

16(a). Two pipes A and B can fill a tank in 4hours and 5 hours respectively. If
they opened on alternate hours and if pipe B is opened first. How many hours
will it take to fill the tank?
Ans : A will fill the tank in 4 Hours
1
In I Hour A = 4
B will fill the tank in 5 Hours
1
In I Hour B = 5
1 1 5+4 9
A+B= 4
+5 = 20
= 20

9
In First 2 Hours A +B = 20
18
In Next 2 Hours A+B = 20
Total = 4 Hours
Remaining Hours (20 -18)= 2
2 1
Therefore = 20 ×5 = 2
1
Therefore Within 4 2
the total tank is filled (Ans)

(b) Mr. Bill Deposit an amount of Rs 65800 to obtain simple interest at 14% per
annum for 4 yrs. What is the total amount will Mr. Bill get at the end of 4 years
?

𝑇𝑅
Ans : A = P [ 1 + 100
]
4 ×14
=65800 [ 1 + 100
]

56
= 65800[1 + 100
]
 156
=65800[ 100 ]

=658 ×156

=1.02,648
At the end of 4 Years Mr. Bill will get Rs 1.02,648(Ans)