ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 11.

All are true about brain

PATIENT CARE AND MANAGEMENT metabolism except:= use of fatty acid
ETHICS AND JURISPRUDENCE in starvation
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
12. Phagocytes in CNS are: = Microglia
SET 1 (300 ITEMS):
13. Out-pouchings = Diverticula

1. What 4 layers of the digestive tract 14. Adenine and guanine are: =Purines
from inner to outermost?
15. Uracil always pairs with __.
= Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis,
Serosa = Adenine
2. Normal pH of human body is? (Uracil replaces _ in RNA. = Thymine)
= 7.4
16. Vomiting center of the brain.
3. CSF volume? = Medulla (oblongata)
= 150ml
17. Broca's area is?
4. CSF production? = same as Wernicke's area
= 0.30 to 0.35 ml
18. Sex hormones are mostly made of
5. What movement is equal of doing = fat
dorsiflexion?
= Plantar extension 19. Phospholipids are found in?
= plasma membrane
6. End of greater omentum is attached
to what structure? 20. Ions are
= Transverse colon = excess of electrons; removal of
electrons
7. Considered as serosa membrane?
I. Pleural 21. Synthesis other term = Anabolism
II. Pericardium Anabolism – small into larger;
aka. Synthesis
8. Movement of limb around its axis? Catabolism – large into smaller;
= Circumduction [Link]
9. Swallowing center of the central 22. The way lower jaw moves
nervous system? anteriorly is:
= Medulla (oblongata) = Protraction
10. Attach the Duodenum, Jejunum 23. Organs consideredperitoneal:
and Iliumto the posterior abdominal I. Kidney
wall? II. Adrenal Gland
= Mesentery III. Descending Colon
24. Perpendicular to transverse plane 39. Back of the leg is called: = SURAL
and II to Midsagittal Plane.
= Parasagittal Plane [Link] is distal to the 1st metacarpal
joint = Carpometacarpal joint
25. Considered positive feedback
mechanism.= Giving birth 41. Medical term for umbilical =
Omphalos
26. Smallest unit of microorganism
contains life = Cell 42. Other term for elbow = Cubital
(ANTECUBITAL = in front of elbow)
27. Physio– = Nature
From Greek physio- meaning "nature, 43. Divide the body into halves.
natural, physical" = Midsagittal plane
(cannot be Parasagittal which means
28. It is the change in External and “split into unequal parts”.)
Internal environment?= Stimulus
(Stimuli plural) 44. During osmosis, if hypotonic
solution present around the cell:
29. Organ system that removes excess = There’s a greater concentration of
fluid leak from blood vessel into water outside than inside.
interstitial space?
= Lymphatic system 45. When cells divide, multiply and
change in size and structure, this
30. Structure of body that responds to process is: = Differentiation
Stimuli? = Receptor
46. In plasma membrane, the heads of
31. Medial is also known as= MESIAL the lipids: = Are attracted to water

32. Refers to front = VENTRAL 47. The information in DNA in the

nucleus is used to produce: = Protein
33. Towards the back = POSTERIOR
48. in DNA replication, TRNA molecules
34. Which structures are in the notal carries ___, that binds to mRNA codons
aspect? = GLUTEAL creating a ___.
[Link] is located __ to the vertebrae. = Amino acid, peptic chain
= SUPERFICIAL (What kind of bond joins the amino
36. Nasolabial Sulcus is located __ to acids together during translation? –
the mouth. = SUPERIOR peptide)

[Link] is located where? = AT THE

BACK OF THE NECK 49.

38. The space between the genital and

anus is: = PERINEAL
50. Diffusion of molecules across a 60. White blood cells call____ to work
semi-permeable membrane from an to consume bacteria and remove
area of high concentration to an area damaged tissue and debris.
of low concentration. =Neutrophils & Macrophages

= Passive transport 61. Dermis is the___ of layer skin?

(“Passive” because the cell expends no *middle
energy in moving the substances.)
62. Hair growth occurs when cell at the
51. Mitosis begins at:= Cell Nucleus ____, at the base of the bulb divide
and pushupwards?
52. Other term of extremities: = *Hairmatrix
member
63. Which are considered as short
53. Cell produced by meiosis is a bones:
haploid that has __ chromosomes I. Trapezoid
&those produced by mitosis has II. Hamulus
__chromosomes. III. Pisiform
= 23 & 46 = TRAPEZOID AND HAMULUS ONLY.
54. Cytokinesis is defined as a PISIFORM is a sesamoid bone.
= Cytoplasmic division 64. Tarsal bones considered as short
55. All are major types of body tissues bone?*cuboid, talus
except. 65. Long bones adapted the following
= Lymphatic Tissue except?
56. Tissues aredeveloped from how *Protecting the internal organs
many primary germ layers? 66. Structural element that is unique in
= Three a compact bone wherein it does not
57. All are examples of connective exist in a flat bone.
tissue except: *osteon
= skeletal muscle 67. Flat bone lacks a:
58. All are examples of the function of *Medullary cavity
nervous tissue except: 68. Yellow bone marrow is found in
=Strengthens nerve impulse ___ and Red bone marrow can be
59. Blood vessels carry___ to the site found at __.
of tissue damage to assist in the repair Ans. Medullary cavity & spongy bone
process. 69. Long bone are the following
= platelets except?
A. Humerus
B. phalanges
C. fibula 79. Place where impulse is transmitted
D. ribs from motor neuron to skeletal muscle.
*Neuromuscular junction
-Ans. D. Ribs
80. A neurotransmitter released by a
70. Not true about flat bones? motor neuron to stimulate skeletal
-Ans. They are developed from muscle.
endochondral ossification *Acetylcholine
ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION – long, 81. Best describes of skeletal muscle
irregular, short bones from largest to smallest.
INTRAMEMBRANOUS OSSIFICATION – I. Fascicle
flat bones II. Fiber
71. Embryonic development of long III. Myofibrils
bones have__ that secrete and form a IV. Thick and thin filaments
shaft made of ____. 82. Smooth muscle does all, EXCEPT:
*chondroblasts, hyaline cartilage = Contract voluntarily to move blood
72. Arrange the ff. Bone Repair through vasculature

*3,5,2,1,4 83. Smooth muscle can be found in

I. Circulatory – yes, blood vessels
73. Arrange the ff. auditory ossicles II. Respiratory– yes, respiratory airways
from outer to inner III. Digestive– yes, digestive tracts,
*malleus, incus, stapes stomach

74. The pelvis of male is ___ and ____

than female’s pelvis. 84. Outermost smooth muscle layer of
*deeper, narrower stomach?
= Longitudinal Layer
75. Which is not a fibrous joint?
*pubic symphysis– is a cartilaginous 3 layers of smooth muscle:
outer longitudinal,
joint middle circular, and
inner oblique muscles.
[Link] Joint between tibia and fibula
*syndesmosis

77. Example of a plane joint 85. All statements about cardiac

*zygapophyseal joint muscles are true, EXCEPT:
- It’s not striated
78. Joint between metacarpal bone of
the thumb and thecarpus SMOOTH MUSCLE = involuntary, non-
*Sellar joint striated
CARDIAC MUSCLE = involuntary, striated
SKELETAL MUSCLE = voluntary, striated
 95. Which of the ff statements about
cerebrospinal fluid is false?
86. In an elbow flexion, the ~It only circulates through the ventricle of the
BicepsBrachiiis the ___ and Triceps brain
Brachii is the ___.
- Antagonist and agonist 96. Which of the ff is not a part of a brainstem?
~Cerebellum
The biceps brachii is an antagonist of
the triceps brachii. The triceps
97. Also known as the axial plane
brachii muscle is an agonist that extends
the elbow. ~transverse plane
Agonists and antagonists are functional
opposites; if one produces flexion, the 98. The hypothalamus has all of the ff, except:
other will produce extension. ~control voluntary muscle contraction
87. Example of first class lever 99. What is the function of thalamus:
- Lifting a chin ~to maintain consciousness
~to relay sensory information to the cerebral
88. Muscle contract to produce effort
cortex
required to stand on your toes
- Gastrocnemius

89. Not a muscle of mastication 100. Which part of the brain is responsible for
- Zygomaticus Major emotional states?
~limbic system
90. Cell that create myelin sheath around
neuron axon of CNS 101. Which of the ff statements relate to right
- Oligodendrocytes hemisphere of the brain?
- recognizing emotions
91. At the resting state, the plasma membrane
of a neuron is? 102. What is the flow of cerebrospinal fluid?
~Polarized - Lateral ventricle, 3rd ventricle,4th ventricle
and central canal
92. The wave of depolarization that is
propagated of an axon is known as. 103. What substance cannot pass to blood
~action potential brain barrier?
- protein
93. What function does the gray matter serve
in spinal reflexes? 104. What cranial nerve is connected directly
~it acts as a processing center of a reflex signal to Cerebrum?
- Olfactory
94. Which of the ff statements about
neurotransmitter is false? 105. Impulses of hearing and equilibrium are
~At a neuromuscular junction, acethylcholine directed to what cranial nerve?
has inhibitory effects - VIII (8)
106. Which of the ff statements is not true incoming light rays so they focus in
regarding cranial nerves? front of the retina.
- They innervate only in the head and neck Farsightednessoccurs when thelight
rays focus beyond the retina instead of
107. Which is not an example of sympathetic on it.
response?
-digestion
114. Olfactory passes through the?
108. All of the ff can detect by Meissner = CRIBFORM PLATE (of the ethmoid bone)
corpuscle except:
115. All are regulated by the glands of the
- temperature
endocrine system except:
109. In vision, the light is passes to __ and = Urine production
refracted and projected to_____?
116. Metabolism and growth is controlled by
Lens and retina
the __ &Immune responses are under ___.
110. When a bear is chasing you, _____ = Thyroid & thymus
nervous system function that have been in
117. Function of the hormone of anterior
hold on?
pituitary gland?
- Parasympathetic
= GROWTH
111.
118. Hormones do all except:
112. Vibrations of sound to the ear in order: = go through hollow vessels
= Tympanic membrane, malleus-incus-stapes, (hormones are released directly through the
cochlea blood stream.)

113. When lens focus lights in vitreous 119. Produced by hypothalamus &
chamber, ____ occurs. stored by posterior pituitary.
= Antidiuretic hormone &Oxytocin
NEAR SIGHTEDNESS; NORMAL VISION.
Specialized neuron clusters called
The pupil is an adjustable opening that Neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus
controls the intensity of light produce the hormones ADH and Oxytocin,
and transport them to the posterior
permitted to strike the lens. The lens pituitarywhere they're stored for later
focuses light through the vitreous release.
humor, a clear gel-like substance that
fills the back of the eye and supports While the anterior lobe shoulders most of
the work in producing hormones, the
the [Link] retina receives the
posterior lobe (NEUROHYPOPHYSIS) stores
image that the cornea focuses through and releases only two: Oxytocin and ADH,
the eye’s internal lens and transforms or vasopressin.
this image into electrical impulses that
are carried by the optic nerve to the
brain.
Nearsightedness occurs when the
cornea and lens bend (refract)
120. Thyroid gland is __ to the Trachea B cells and T cells, also called B
and __ to the Larynx. lymphocytes and T lymphocytes, play
= anterior, inferior prominent roles in defending the body
against specific pathogens. B cells undergo
121. Pineal gland produces the a maturation process in the bone marrow,
hormone ___ which protect the whereas T cells undergo maturation in
nervous tissue and regulates sleeping the thymus. This site of the maturation
process gives rise to the name B and T
patterns.
cells.
- Melatonin
128. Parts of heart that sends an impulse that
122. Low blood glucose causes Alpha
begins the process of conduction:
cells of pancreas to release __ which
- SA node
triggers the release of Glucose by the
liver. 129. Valve found between the Left atrium and
- Glucagon Left ventricle?
The pancreas releases glucagon when the
- Mitral valve – or the Bicuspid valve.
concentration of insulin in the bloodstream
falls too [Link] causes the liver to 130. Impulses travel through the heart’s
convert stored glycogen into glucose, which conduction system by what order?
is released into the bloodstream.
I. SA node
123. One hormone released by the II. AV node
kidney: III. Bundle of His
- Erythropoietin IV. R&L bundle of branches
V. Purkinje Fibers
Erythropoietin is released in response to
hypoxia in the renal circulation. It
131. The layer of the heart wall primarily
stimulates erythropoiesis in the bone marrow.
resposiblefior the heart's pumping action is
124. Following are true: known as:
I. Matured RBC ............ - Myocardium
II. RBC contains ..........
III. RBC transport ......... 132. Volume of blood, in liters, each ventricle
IV. Hemocytoblast of the heart ejects every minute called:
- Cardiac output
- 1 2 3 and 4
133. Cardiac Output is determined by the:
125. - Stroke volume and heart rate

126. Blood from the lungs is ___, while 134. The purpose of valve is to:
blood to the lungs is __. - Ensure unidirectional blood flow
- Oxygenated and Deoxygenated
135. Example of lymphatic vessels and tissues,
127. B and T spend most of their times EXCEPT: Thyroid
in the:- Lymphatic cells
136. The thoracic duct or left hepatic duct
begins at the ____ and collect lymphs from left
upper body and entire body beneath the ribs. 149.
- Cisterna Chyli
150. Destroy infected cells = Antigen
137. The stem cell that gives rise to B
lymphocytes are produced in: 151. Function of type II alveolar cells
- Red bone marrow - produce alveolar fluid

138. In the spleen, abnormal blood cell 152. Why are surfactants in alveolar fluid
consumed by ___ and lymphocytes carry out important?
immune responses. - it reduces the surface tension so that alveoli
- Macrophages can maintain their shape

139. Lymph nodes are clustered in areas where 153. Gas exchange in external respiration
the head and limb meet the torso and near occurs in:
the: - Type I alveolar cell
- intestines 154. Respiratory rhythm is regulated by:
140. All are examples of blood cell, EXCEPT: - Medulla oblongata
- Platelets 155. Why does air goes out during exhalation
141. White blood cells called: - Neutrophils - pressure inside the lungs is higher than the
atmospheric pressure
142. Organ of Pharynx that combined with
digestive: 156. This cause the medulla oblongata to
-Oropharynx& larynx increase respiratory rate:
- Too much carbon dioxide in bloodstream
143. This demonstrates the upper respiratory:
- Nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx 157. Food is broken down mechanically in oral
cavity:
[Link] lung has __, left lung has __ - Teeth & Tongue
segments:
= 10, 8 158. The sharp teeth adapted for cutting:
- incisor
145. B cell produces: -Antibodies
159. Substance that encloses the pulp cavity
146. Cannot be seen in nasal cavity: inside a tooth:
- Cartilaginous ring - Dentin

147. What is the purpose of trachea’s 160. Not true about the tongue:
cartilaginous c ring shaped? - it depresses during swallowing
-They prevent the trachea from collapsing
-Give flexibility in trachea to allow passage of 161. Hormones that trigger calcium?
food in esophagus Ans. Calcitonin

148. Two hormones involved in regulating blood

calcium: Calcitonin and Parathyroid.
162. Low levels of antidiuretic hormones 173. Structural features of small intestine that
produce what disease? facilitates nutrient absorption.
Ans. Diabetes insipidus a. Circular Fold
b. Villi
163. Other term for the commissuresof the eye? c. Greater length of the gastro intestinal region
Ans. Canthus

164. Written information to provide detection d. all of the above

for handling biohazardousmaterials, safe use *Ans: D.
of products, clean use and disposal?
Ans. MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) 174. The __ bulges in the colon are formed by
__. *Haustra, Taenia Coli
165. Percentage of saliva is water?
Ans. *over 99% 175. Chyme movement on the colon is
determined by:
166. Hormoneof pregnancy? *Peristalsis, Haustral Churning
Ans. * Progesterone
176. Vitamin produced by the bacteria in the
Progesterone prepares the uterus colon
for pregnancy. After ovulation occurs, the
*Vitamin B
ovaries start to produce progesterone needed
by theuterus. Progesterone causes the uterine
177. Important Molecule that chyme has:
lining or endometrium to thicken.
*water
167. Hormones that increase blood sugar?
Ans.* glucagon 178. Renal pyramid is contained within the:
*Renal Medulla
168. Long bones adapted the following except?
Ans.* Protecting the internal organ. 179. Function of mucosa in intestinal juice:
*protection in intestinal lining
169. Pacemaker of the heart?
*Ans. SA node 180. Relaxation of ___ involuntary is caused by
defecation reflex.
170. Filling of the heart? *internal anal sphincter
Ans.* Diastole
181. Not part of a nephron
171. Heart strings of heart? - collecting duct
Ans.*Chordae Tendineae (tendinous cords)
182. Filtration occurs in
171. Ligament that separate the right and left – Glomerulus
lobe of the anterior surface of the liver
*Falciform ligament 183. Nephron does all, except
- filter solute
172. Gall bladder is located at the ____ and
___ of the liver: 184. Does not typically pass through
*Inferior, right glomerular filtration membrane?
- Blood cell
185. Water conserved through process of 196. Erectile tissues are the:
- Reabsorption ~corpus spongiosum
~corpora cavernosa
186. Waste products pass from bloodstream
into urine through 197. Which is not part of the male
- Glomerular filtration and secretion reproductive gland?
~Vas deferens
187. In male, urethra is divided into ~Epididymis
- 3 parts
198. Female sex cells develop in _ and released
188. Does not form the angle of trigone? in the _.
- External urethral orifice ~ovaries, uterine tube
189. Statement about micturationthat is not 199. Anoocyte has how many chromosomes?
true? ~23
- The internal urethral sphincter can be
voluntarily controlled 200. A spike in LH triggers which of the ff:
~ovulation
190. From distal to proximal, the regions of
male urethra are: 201. Which is related to duct of Rivinus?
- Spongy, membranous, prostatic = Bartholins

191. When fertilization and implantation Smaller sublingual ducts - ducts of Rivinus
occur, next cycle is: Sublingual duct – Bartholin’s duct
~maintenance of the estrogen ang Parotid duct – Stensen’s duct
progesterone levels Submandibular/Submaxillary duct – Wharton’s duct

192. Incontinence is usually caused by lack of 202. Other term for bulbourethral gland?
control over which of the structure? = Cowper’s gland
~external urethral sphincter
203. Other term for cul de sac?
193. Sperm cell is produced by _ and stored in - Douglas
the __.
204. What part of the brain is responsible for
~testes, epididymis
languange recognition?
194. A sperm cell's genetic information is = Wernicke’s
contained in the
205. What is the lateral sulcus of the
~Head
cerebrum? = Sylvius
195. When erection, the penis becomes and
206. Which of the ff is related to urinary
stays rigid because arteries in the penis are _
system?-
and the vein _.
= Henle's loop
~Dilate, is compressed
207. Function of leydig cells?
= Produce testosterone
208. Which of the ff is responsible for deep 224. Longest muscle in body:
touch? = Pacinian corpuscle -Sartorius

209. Transport liquid molecules in the atom by 225. Heaviest muscle in body:
engulfing? -Latissimus dorsi
- pinocytosis
226. Strongest muscle in body:
210. Portion of the DNA responsible for single -Tongue
amino acid?
- TRIPLET 227. Neurogliaand blood brain barrier?
- Astrocyte
211. Portion of DNA that signals to produce a
single protein 228. Smallest unit of Muscle that capable to
- GENE contract?
- Sarcomere
212. Epithelial characteristics except:
ADJOINED BY RETICULAR FORMATIONS 229. Part of Cerebrum that composed mainly
neuro cell bodies?
213. Cell type producing mucus: GOBLET - gray matter

214. Nipple like: PAPILLOMA 230. In CNS, nerve like structure:- Tracts

215. Epiglottis: ELASTIC CARTILAGE 231 Reidel's lobe

-LIVER
216. Connection between muscles:
APONEUROSIS 232. Part of brain control the thirst and
hunger
217. Hypodermis: CONNECTIVE TISSUE -HYPOTHALAMUS
218. Fat tissue: CONNECTIVE TISSUE 233. Part of brain control the blood pressure
219. Part of epidermis that helps in immune -HYPOTHALAMUS
system: LANGERHANS 234. Hemisphere of cerebrum process spatial
220. Palms & soles: STRATUM LUCIDUM perception
-RIGHT HEMISPHERE
221. Skin that contributes the Sensation of
tickles? 235. Hemisphere of cerebrum process of
-Free endings analytical thinking and logical
-LEFT HEMISPHERE
222. Skin gland that secretes Pheromone?
-Apocrine 236. Chemicals that serves to trigger the
pleasure and rewards.
223. Largest Muscle in body: -DOPAMINE
-Latissimusdorsi
237. Stress hormone -CORTISOL

238. Love hormones -OXYTOCIN

239. Reticulum formation affects: 258. Richman's disease?
-SLEEP/WAKE CYCLE - Gouty arthritis

240. Limbic system affects: 259. How many tunics or layers do capillaries
-SLEEP/WAKE CYCLE have? - 1

[Link] of the blood develop to

become:
241. Bile flows from liver to gall bladder in - macrophage
what pathways?
*hepatic duct 261. Midpoint margin posterior of the foramen
*common hepatic duct magnum?
*cystic duct
*gallbladder Ans. Ophision

262. Midpoint margin anterior of foramen

242. Main function of portal system? magnum?*
* drain blood from digestive tract to liver Ans. Basion

263. Key stone of the facial bone?

243. Air supply to the lesser curvature of the
stomach? Ans. Maxillary
*gastric
264. Which of the following is Hypoglossal
251. Movement provided by gliding joint located?
- non axial
Ans. Maxillary and temporal bone
252. Movement provided by hinge joint
265. Final Clothing factor?
- uniaxial
*fibrin
253. Other term of suture joints
266. Stalk the Connects pituitary to
- synostosis
hypothalamus?
254. Connection of shaft of radius to ulna
*infundibulum
through interosseous membrane
- Syndesmosis 267. Four lobes of lungs?
*caudate, left, quadrate, right
255. What Type of joint is intervertebral joint:
- symphysis 268. Notched form from entry to distal
esophagus at cardia of stomach?
256. Type of joint does a child's ephiphysis and
*angle of His
diaphysis represent:
- synchondrosis (angle of Treitz - a sharp curve or flexure at the junction
of the duodenum and jejunum.)
257. Canal of schlemm can be found in:
- eye
269. Third muscularis layer found at stomach 282. Lesser omentum attaches from lesser
wall, but at rest alimentary canal? curvature of stomach to
*oblique - Liver

270. Gastric juice contains what acid? 283. Opening between oral cavity and pharynx
*hypochloric - Fauces

271. Prevent the eyelid from adhering 284. Location contain frenulum
- Vestibule
*Tarsal Gland
*meibomian gland 285. Mainly used for chewing?
- Masseter
272. Layer of the eye containing goblet cell
286. Length of esophagus: 25 cm
*Conjunctiva
287. Length of pharynx: 12 cm
273. Blindspot in the eyeball
288. Length of larynx : 1¾ inches
*optic disc
289. Secretes Hypochloric acid
274. Fluid in the eyeball - Parietal Cell
*vitreous humor 290. Secretes pepsin? - Chief Cell
275. Nasal cavity also known as 291. What is mainly use of acid in stomach
*Choanae from digesting its own wall?

276. Hair inside the nose ~mucus

*vibrissae 292. What is the length of duodenum?

277. How many hyaline cartilages in larynx? ~10inches

*8 ~12 fingerbreadths

278. How many fissures does the left lung ~about the size of the esophagus
have: *1 293. What can be found in the lumen of the
279. Movement of intestine responsible for small intestine?
gargling of food and transport to next segment ~plica circulars
~villi
*segmentation
294. What is the length of jejunum?
280. Other term alveolar sac of the lungs?
*acinus ~2.5meters

281. Other term for Omentum 295. Emptying time of stomach

- Epiploon
 ~2-3hrs

296. Emptying time of small intestine

~3-5hrs

297. What is the length of large intestine?

~1.5meters

298. Accumulation of lymphatic vessels in the

small intestine

~lacteals

299. It is a milky fluid consisting lymph and

fatty acids that is produce in the intestine

~chyles

300. It is a structure that produces digestive

enzymes in the intestinal lumen.

~intestinal crypt

~intestinal gland

~krypts of lieburkuhn