Formula Cheat Sheet

Electric charges Fields

Class 21 PhysicsPolential due to
Coulomb's Lac F: 19,927 F=1 9,927 Unifornly Chagred Sphere no Conducnig Sphere
N
р- 4rt 。12 tri,E, 1ª Oulside
T>R
for vacuum for medium$
Electric field Intensity V= on the shell V=
Electic field dueot pant charge 4 トニス
V= 9 inside =V 1 (3R-r)
Ë=F =K T R 4
KR 2R}
q= Soucer chagre
% % se gehcra
= tT 12 Enegry stored ni aCapacitor force between plates of Capacitor
# Electric uxlf # Gauss's Law
=F Q Common Potential
2AE, V=9+92= GV
,, +GV2
4 for uniform electric field Ф=ф-dA =Lni+ tN
e chagre encolsed
yb eht crosed Surfoce Energy densily
Energy loss c, +Ca G
, +C2
4 for non-uniform # Dpioel moment (P) 2 (4,+(2)
2a current Electricityl Current density
J= I
→for a closed surface Electric Current insiantaneous
# dipole placed ni UE
-F
• i=d
0 =86- ค 4 Torque =T PxE caverage) i= Current

#Electric field due ot dipole LoNel force = 0

•Mobility • Resistirity
oDrift Velocity • Ohm's law
LoWork done ni rotation of dipole = IVal S= m
•At an axial point
E =2KР ⼀戸 from 0,802 U=PE (Cose,-Cose,) V= CET = eVT M E nẻt
=V iR R=PL
mL
Electrostatic potential energy Relation b/w i &V
d Relation b/w JET EMF of a Cel
n the equitorial line
•O U=-p •E
J = 4E
= KP charge density i =Aneve + Electic a
linear surface Volume
Conductivity
E = K₽ J1+3Co5'0
Power Energy E=V+Ir
•A
t any general point
#
0=1= net i=i R=y
PV
R
=WVg=Vit #Terminal Potential diff
V= W V=E-ir
euot charged Conduchnig Sphere!
D #Principle of Wheat Stone
# Ef due oi infiniez,=E 2
olng changed wire #Temp. coelficient
「⽉
問］
d=R-Re
# Principle of potentiometer R.(T-T.)

Electric Potential & Capacitance # Principle fo Metr bridge #Combination of identical cells
i= nE
Eleciric Polential V= 9 Potential Axial R = l (length of wire)
S
series Rthr
AnES dueot dipole Equalorial →V=0 100-4
Parallel i= mE
ectl Potential Energ
cirE It any point →
=V Pcose #Joule's Law 1⽉00 mkt r
t o Change
U=9,92 for w 4nr2 H=l'Rt Joule Mixed i = mn€
4n852 Capacitance C=g
Relation belareen Es V Series Combination
it Coolreis
=HR mR+nr
Parallel Comb- 4•18
E= -dy ro va-fE-di
ゎ

dr Cp=C,+Cz
Capacitance of Parallel Plate Capacitor Spherical Caperitor
Ari filled *C=40% a b
Movnig Charges and Magnetism
Partialy filed whti dielectric
C= E,A C= Eol Magnetic force
d-t ("R) # i inner grounded =C 4FbE-6'а [=9 (їхB)
Compeletyl filed filled with Metal
Capocilance of Isolated Sphere Pitch (P) =2amycose
に無
=C 4r6or
 M
•oniol of charge ni Unofm
ir Transverse Magnecit field. В
=МН 11:, 1 Gausss' alw for Magnesilm
F
m=Q
V= my*
B • Time period 中= 8 0 =0
Up=1+7m
r= my =₽ =2mk = 2mav
all area
• Magnetic force no a cument
«Radius of Circular path elements
Carying Conductor Magnecit field at a point due ot magnelic dipole
98 98 o 2Mr
= M = M,M
• Biot Savart's law
axial
4 08 （
P+0 2/ 2
dB= M
e idlsine →
Mf at Cenire of
a Circular Coil
B=M,i or Banair M
e45 2813 or = И.М
2 a 4Jr3
72
Electomagnetic Induction
• force blw two Current Magnelic flux Motiona
中= 節
Condai parale srtagiht Carrying Coil.
∞ = BAcose
for rod Rod Rotaling For Disc

F= Mo Liizl # Ampere's Circuital law Induced emf

旺E
4 E= Bulsing
đt 2
A-C
F= BLV P =B i E= E,sincut ENBACO
R R
e
2ra' ra B-M,i raa B=M Inductance M
EF Induced ni hte coil, =E -Ldi
8= 1.i
2лr coefficient of self induction
Torque no a Curent Carying Coli Movnig Coli Galvanometer di/dt
placed ni a uniform magnelic I • 0 or I-Ge Mutual Inductance
T= NIAB Sine Coefficient of
=M N29z = -E2 = E
-r
Or =T MBSine where =G N*AB• gavlConstaot-
anomeelr di, /dt Coupling
•Galvanometer Conversion into Voltmeter Mutl Inducatnce foto olng solenod. forfeifect Co84,42
upnilg
into o Ammeter M
= M.M
, TriPl = Mol, NN
I zA, Kel ME 442
Combination of inductors
¼
() Series bg=4,+h,tLg nI
Magnetic Energy
inducior Us=LLi
Sensitivity p 4,L2-M'
=
Paralel L
• Curent Sensitivity • Voltage Sensitivity
4th, +2M
fi coils are far away nI soelnodi oV utBAl
=V Q= N B
A then M=0, 5o Magnecit energy density Ug= U
p
kR
5t½ 8 5 ¥ М= В
Magnelic field due ot a Curent Carying Solenoid 4,th 2M.
, Moni = (UNi)/L
B= • Induced Electric Field Induced Charge flow
Magnetism & Matter
# Bar Magnet as an Equivalent Solenold
B= 11.2m where m = magnelic moment
o- Solenoid m= n (2l) i ( n a )
Alternating Current
4rr3
Potential Energy of Curie's law
Alternating Voltage
Ims* al Ynis eY
Magnelic dipole →For dia X , T" =v VoSincot lens =0.7076o Vnis 07.07Vo
U=-MBCOSO →For Paramagnetic
0= ⼀
万・宮 Reactance Mean value of Current &Voltage
I =
M
= - For feromagnetic
XL=LO X=w
/C aul =21: au =0.637Vo
V
x.° lav=0-6374o Vu=0.637V.
M=1,(1+Xm) T-To
 R Circuit
Series L
C I is same for R, RAY OPTICS
Refractive index U= 1
L 8C. Mirror formula SinC
¼. fi VIVe then U=S
V
R
V エ Sinr
そ R
V for Mirror for Lens For Prism
magnificalion
E= Eo Sincut
）
I =I oSi no t - 中 i f V<Ve then
ェ
f=R
2 m=I=V M= isn（
915m）
R V
R
For mu rOr Sin (1½)
Power in ac Circuit Resonant Series LCR Circuit
Thni Lens formula. Psrim fo Smal angel
Pav= Erms m
Ims COS$ XI=X then z=R S= (U-1) A
lens Makers' Formula + V
I = Maximum
or Par =E, I, COS$ # Refraction at spherical surfaces
2 Resonant frequency Real bapparent depths
Power factor со, = 1 Q-Factor "-# : 1= real depth
cos$ = R/Z 屁 #Power of Lens #Combination of lenses apparent depth
P=1 =100
#Transformer ratio # Step-up Transformer
fim) f(cm) P=R+R
• Posthon NO•OF
Es = Ip = Ns =K Es> Ep, I4Ip& N3Np
Simple Microscope Relecting n=360
of Object images
I s Np MEtl P fnial m
ioge ta D Telescope
6 p

M=fo=R/ even ew
ryneha h - 1
" at ∞
s Is Step down Transformer M=D/f "
eF ef melric
=1 output Power = E yS
o d dm |П
-

input Power EpIp Compound Microscope aSymmetric

M=m,x me Asironomical Teelscoge Terrestrial Telescope
Alternating Voltage Applied to
Resistor only Capacitor Inductor only
M=(+ ) M=-t Itte) image M
= of
D/ at D F
e
E E,sinct
= E=E, sincut = E,sinct
E image ar
d=fottf+fe
I Isincet
= =I I sin(wt+r/2) I-Isin(cut 5
-42) iage ta
it-le m
E Waves
M WAVE OPTICS
Displacement Current MaXwell'S equations Inteference of light
H= Eode e #Gauss's Law for electrostatics R=Ja+ ' 2abcos I= I, +5+ 251, 17, CoS$
' b+
dt gE-ds = %
E•M Waves #Gausss' Law for Magnetism # Tme =（⾖⼗ 国）
E= Esin(kx+wt) § 8 4! =0 at 中=0,31,4匹
.--- at =Ф П,3 П,5л..
B= B, sin (krcut) # Faradays' L
w
a fo E
MI F o rエ=エ ュニ YDSE
e* wave propagating
M dE-dĩ =- doe 16=41,6054712 XhB= nap 1ho (21-12)2dD
along tx direction.
C= Erms C=t #Maxwell-Ampere's Circuital law D
P =na Bright 10=12,,
Bros

Energy
# Intensity (t) I=Area x Time
# Difraction dueot asingle Slit
C=
# momentum (P) ©Conditon ofr n" secondary moxm
i um # Fresnel distance
Radiation Pressure DP.= aSino, =(2n+} n=1,2,3,..
dd

C= 3x10@ mls
=p y (Compeltyl @Conditon for nt secondary mnim
i um
absoing
V =
SuE PD= asino, =na n=1,2,3, --...
V=.
Ju, цЕЕ, -P2 (combnig) P=2IC Perfecty refleching
| Suface B=2D @Width of Central maximum
a = 22D
Energy density ti # Angular fringe width ofsecondary
#Angular fringe hw
Ung He Cong 180 6/ Central maxima =21 Maxima o r minima = 2
 Dual Nature of Radiation and Motter Nuclei
# Wokr function W
= hi =hs @Nuclear Radius
70 • Nuclear density
# Kman= eV,=1mnax. s = mass of nucleus
#Kmxa ho - d
o Einsteins Eguaoitn) volume of nucleus
# Energy of Photon E=hy = nc @ Mass- defect

*movnig msa fophootn =mE=hi

# rumber of photons emited per second of frequency • Binding Energy
I from a lamp B•E= Amc"
•E / (Binding
B = BEA energy per]
Nucleons

#de-Broglie wave lengtt semiconductor Devices

or 2 = h k= kinelic t.
constan
^= b
• Total Curent through hte pure
8 A=h/3mkT K=qV semiconductor
ATOMS I = Iet In
#No of alpha particles
scattered per unit area Potential energy of hte ee
• Electrical Conductuity ni semiconductor
N(0) * 1 U=- 27•22' eV
Sin" (0/2)
# Impact Parameter e Toatl Energy of eo u= mobiity.
b= Ze cot (0/2) K -5
АлЕК
Un=2En=-2k7 F= eNalle
K= Kinetic energy
Z : atomic Number.
frequency of electron ni hte nt
#Distance of Closest approach
r= 2ze"
起）
T（
4rEK @Wavelength of radiation ni hte
# BOHR'S MODEL
transition from 1 →n,
• Anguiar momentum of eo
L=nh or mvr =nh R=1-097X10'm
27
@Number of Spectral Lines due to
oerqfuency ofradiation transition of ®
e from n'" orbit to
2 = E2-E, lower Orbit is.
N=n(n -1)
• Bohr's m
leaorful 2
Radius of n * Orbit
#Jonizaion energy+ el
Ar'mZe Z # Ionization → 136. Z' V
evelocily
4=1 27ze'= 2-2x10Z
4rE, nh
• kinetic energy
h=13.6zer
n*