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Routine Stool Analysis

Routine stool analysis involves both naked eye and microscopic examinations to detect parasitic infections. Stool samples should be provided to the lab promptly and must be examined within one hour to prevent disintegration of parasites. The analysis includes assessing the sample's color, pH, consistency, and presence of mucus, blood, undigested food, and worms.

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89 views35 pages

Routine Stool Analysis

Routine stool analysis involves both naked eye and microscopic examinations to detect parasitic infections. Stool samples should be provided to the lab promptly and must be examined within one hour to prevent disintegration of parasites. The analysis includes assessing the sample's color, pH, consistency, and presence of mucus, blood, undigested food, and worms.

Uploaded by

Rajendra tamatta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Routine Stool Analysis

.
Test principle
 Naked eye examination of stool sample.
 Microscopic examination of stool sample.

Clinical Significance
 Detection of parasitic infection.
Before analysis
Stool sample is better provided
in the lab.
Stool samples must be examined
within 1 hour .
Parasites as Giardia lamblia
trophozoites ,Entamoeba
histolytica trophozoites rapidly
disintegrate at room
temperature.
Stool sample contaminated with
urine is refused.
Steps of analysis

1- Macroscopical / physical
Examination
Inspect by the naked eye

2- Microscobical Examination
1- Color of the sample
 Brown : Normal ( stercobilin )
 Light brown : undigested fat
 Greenish : much green vegetables
 Reddish :bleeding or due to some drugs
 Black : occult blood or due to some
drugs
2-Assess the pH of diarrhoeic stool specimen using
litmus paper.
 Normally it is alkaline.
 It turns acidic e.g. in Entamoeba histolytica infection

3-Inspect for the presence of:


 Mucus especially when mucus is tinged with blood
 Blood(may be due to piles or anal fissure)
 Undigested food (Nil, +, ++, +++)
 Worms(Enterobius, Ascaris, Taenia segments)
4-Consistency :

Formed (Hard)
Semi –formed
Loose (mucus)
Watery ( Diarrhea )
Worms Recovered in stool
Enterobius vermicularis cylindrical worm about 10 mm long
Worms recovered in stool con.
• Ascaris lumbricoides Cylindrical worm about 20
cm long.
Worms recovered in stool con.
Taenia worm Ribbon-like several meters long
Steps of analysis
Loose or watery stool samples should be
examined by direct smear method
Iodine stain 10%
Drop of iodine
Microscopic Examination
Digestion:
 Vegetable cells
 Starch
 Muscle fibres
 Fat
Cytology:
 Pus cells / H.P.F.
 RBCs / H.P.F.
 Epithelial cells.
 Yeast cells
• Parasites:
 Helminths (eggs, larvae)
 Protozoa (trophozoite, cyst)
Different Shapes of
Vegetable Cells
Muscle Fibers
Starch
Fat droblets
After Analysis
If pus cells (more than 10 / H.P.F. or with clumps) and no
parasite is seen during examination:
 -Recommend for stool culture.
Parasite eggs in stool
Big sized egg
I. Schistosoma mansoni
Parasite eggs in stool
• 2)Fasciola
Medium sized egg
• 1) Ascaris
Medium sized egg
•2)Anclystoma
Medium sized eggs
•3)[Link]
Small sized eggs
1)Taenia egg

2)Trichuris
Small sized eggs
• 3)capillaria

• 4)Heterophyes egg
Small sized eggs
• 5)Enterobius
Protozoa in stool
• 1)[Link] cyst

• 2)[Link] cyst
Protozoa in stool
• 3)Giardia lambilla cyst
Protozoa in stool
• 4) yeast cells
H. Pylori
H. Pylori Ag

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