-, -

~lathtrnauu
-~
..
Do Yourself• 1:
1. Check wh.ether
the following statements are tJ1lC or fa}se : (d) A v U -- U
(a) A r, ♦ = ♦ (b) A n U = A (c) A u ' "' AB (h) B ~ A u B
(e) A '1 B i;;; A ([) A n B ~ B (g) A ~ A u v B ., B
li) A ~ B => A f"'\ B = A (j) A ~ B ~ A
2. P(A)= P(B) ⇒
(D) none of these
(A) A~ B (8) B c A (C) A= B
3. The set of intelligent students in a class is-
{A) a null set (B) a singleton set .
fi cd collcctaon
(C) a finite set (D) not a well de 10

4.. Match the ~ts in colun1n-l with appropriates roster fonns 10 • column-II
Column-II
Coumn-
I I
(A) A= {x,x is an odd natural number) (P) ( i, 3,5,•• }
(B) B = {x : x is an integer, -1/2 < x < 9/2} (Q) {-2,-J, l ,0, 2 }
(C) C = {x : x is an integer, x s 4}2
(R) {O. l ,2,3,4)
(D) C = {x, x is a letter in the word loyal} (S) {L,0, Y,A}
s. Match the following sets in RoMer form in Column-I with set Builder form in Column.IJ
Column-I Column-II
(A) {1.2.3.6.9, 18} (P) {x : x is a positive integer and is a di visor of 18J
(B) t 1~3,6) (Q) {x: xis a prime number and a divisor of 6)
(C) (2,3} (R) (x : x is an odd natural number less than 10}
(D) {1,3,5.7,9} (S) {x: xis natural number and divisor of 6)
6. If A = ( x : x is a factor of 42}. then write n(A).
7. How many of the foUowing options are correct:
(A) {a,b} <t{b,c.a}
(B) (a,e} c lx : x is a vowel in the english alphabet}
(C) {1.2.3} c ( 1,3,5}
(D) (a} c {a,b.c)
8. Let A = ( 1,2. l3.4) }. How many of the following statements are •
..,. Incorrect ·1
(1) ( 3,4) c A (ii) (3,4} E A •
(iii) H3.4 ll c A (iv) leA
(v) 1c A (vi) ( l.2,5) c A
(vii) { 1.2.3} E A (viii) { 1,2,3} c A
(ix) ♦ E A (x) ♦c A
9. Colwnn-1 Colwnn-U fxi) {~) c A
(Set) (Power Set) Colunu1-Ul
(A) (ll i ( ♦.{l}.(2),{1.2)} (Cardinality of po"erset)
(B) {1.2} ii. ( ♦.(1),f2},l3),ll,2), l 2
(C) (1.2.3} {2.3},{3.lt,{1.2,3}) II. 4
(D) <t> iii. I ♦. ll }} Ut 8
iv {f) IV. I

I
............:._--.....
---....... ---
.---.··-
A ll _.._ . Sets, ,uunht.,s "" 'l ,n
• ten
10. Given thc- ~c," A
= \ \, '\,5 \. B
l·,"ns,dcrcd , uni\'c~
=I 1.4J, l and C. -- \ 0 ,-.,. 4•<). 8 l '.which of the- follov. ing may
3 al M!l t, l l or ,,\1 \he thrc.-.c se
ts A.B an<l (
t A) l 0.1.2.1,4 .5 ·" l
t( 'l \0 ,l. 2. 3. 4. ~. (B ) 4l
b. 7. ~. 9. lO
l
11. l-lO"-' tn an ) of the (l )) t t, 2. J ...\,5 ,6 ,7 ,8
following statc1ncnt }
(,) l u.b \ (Z. \ t..c .u l , nr~ true
{u) ( u c I c \ ~: ,.
1 1s n vo w l•\ in th e
llU ) l l.:!.3 l c cn g\ i,h al ph ab et l
l 1,3.5 \
U '.) l n} c l n.b,'-= l
( v) {a } e l a.b\c \
l ,, ) ( x : x i~ on ev
en na tu r~ nHn\b(_.,-
12. \c"" than (l} c { x •
1lo w m an y of the fo i\ a na• urj_l nu1nhcr
llov.,, ng ,t'1h.:1ncnt" wh1ch di'-' tdc~ 36
arc true
(i) If , e A Bnd A e 8.
th en xe B
oi ) If A c 8 and B e C
. then A c C
(ii i) lf A c B
and B c C, then A
c C
{I \') lf x E A an d A a:. B
.l hc n >. e B
( \.) lf A c B an d
x ~ B , th en x ~ A
13. I-low m an y o f the fo
ll o" in g ~tJten1ents
arc - tr ue ?

(i ) 2 <:. ( 3. 0)
5
ti v) - e ( 0, \
4
l
( \' ) -1 7 5 E (- 3, 21 {\' i ) 2. Q C ( 0, ) )
S om e Im po rt an t Law
s
(1 ) (~ommutative l,a w
: A u H ::: 8 lJ A ; ,\ n B = B
f""'\ A
111) A ss oc io ti\ ·~ Law:
(t \ u B ) \) l' =
A u tB v C ). (A
tii ) DlstributJve Law : n B ), , C = A n
lB r" C)

(a ) A u (B rt l) =
(A u R, r'. (A '-1 C i:
u (b ) A n (B u C )= (A n
B )u (A n C )

f IV t l)e,!\1organ·1 la ,r :
_ _ _ _(.:_ _ __
(
(d l ,A ,• •
D

_ : . rhe ~ct of real numhers :

,' i tltllC.~ o, er
,IIO'' ,nf lneqL .. 2 6x -5
(ll\' h • -- < O
' ' J)~ (~- 4
)<:O 4x+ l
I\ - r' (\ +
I. 2
(2x -I) (x -I) (x- 2)J
~
4.
(x- 4)4 >O
(~<0
.l -1- X

6. (x -2) 2 (J - x)( x -3}3 (x- 4)2

(x+ l) <O

3
x (x- 2)( 5-x )
,: +4x + 4 < 0 8. .., ) >0
( x- -4 (x+ J)
7. 2~ 1-x -l

~Q
3
(2 - X:! ) ( X - 3) JO. 4
X - 5x 2 + 4 < O
9. 2
(x -t- I) ( x - Jx - 4)
x2 +J
12. -->2
4x -3

l 1 l (x - 2)(x + 3) ~ 0
-->- 14.
JJ• - +"' X- I X
X-.!

3x -1
'< 16 -- <O
IS -> 2 • 4x + I
x+I
set of rea l num ber s -
17. Sohe following Inequalities ove r the
(ii) x 2 + 6x - 7 < 0
(i) x= + 2x - 3 < 0
X+I l
---:-2<
(iii) x" - 2x - 63 < 0 (iv)
1
(x -1)
,,
2
~ -7x +l? ( x - l)( x + 2) < O
----->0 (vi) -1- x
2x- +4x +5
1
x + x· + I
~
x + 7 3x +~ l..,. 0
h•ii) < Q (vii i) - -+--
l x-5 2
X -4x -5
14 X _ 9 X - 30 < ()
OxJ _1 _< _3 _ (X)
x+ J x-4
x+2 x-3
2
x +2 5-4 x
(xi) ') <-2 (xii ) ----<4
x~ -J 3x:! -x -4
2 4 3 X ' + 2 X 1 >0
2)( x -2x +l)
•.. ) (x+- X -
( XUJ -- --_.:_ ~ 0 (xiv )
4+ 3x -xi x 2 -x- 30
2x 1 20 + 10 + l > 0
(xv) -., $-- (xvi) (x- 3)( x-4 ) x-4
x-- 9 x+ 2

83
l)o yoursen- :, :
Solve ror x e lR

1. x2 -3x + 4 > 0 X
2. <1
2 x 2 +2
x -5x+l2 <
3. 2 3 (2x-l)(x + 3)(2-x)(l-x)2
x -4x+5 4. 4 <0
x (x+6)(x-9)(2x2 +4x+9)
7x-17
s. 2
x -3x+4
~l
6.
2
x +6x-7 ~
2
x 2 +1
2x l
7. < 2
x -5x+12 >
x 2 -9 x+2 8. 3
x 2 -4x+5
2
x -5x+6 < 2
x +4x+4>0
9. 0 10.
x2 +x + 1 2x2 -x-1
11 1
 ,1 ~t i~ cJ n
~~- ;+~x~~~:~ x~ -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -~ Q ?,
!u ~a ~d r~ a~ t~ ic ~E ~q !!. u~
01udrnli00:.:2-1::~S:o~h:e~~
·J;6 6

so,uoon=
(JSC-1
6+ x 2: 0 and 6 - x > O
X E l-6. 6)

~ 6 - x ⇒ 6 + x ~ 36 - J 2x + x2
J6 + x
(x -3 ) $ O ⇒ x e [3,
IOI
l3 x + 30 ⇒ {x - 10)
1
⇒ O~ x -
3. 6)
x e [3. I0 Jn f- 6. 6) =[
⇒ x e (6. co)
6 + x ~ 0 and 6 - x
.$ 0
Cn~-11
uality is always true.
In chh ca-;e gi ve n Ineq
-II.
From c~ e- 1 and ca.\e
X E [J , oo).
-
25: So lv e fo r x. 1f \ x: -J x + 2 > x -2
mustralion
Xl -J x + 2 > 0 (x -l )( x- 2) ~0
(x -2 )> 0 ⇒ x>2
x- 2> 0
(v .., -3 x+ 2) >( x- 2) x- 2> 0
=:> or
Solution: or
(X- I)( X - 2) ~ 0
x -J x + 2 > 0
1 ⇒ X <)
{ x- 2< 0
{ x- 2< 0

is x e R - ( 1,2 J
e. so lut ion ~ct of the ongrnuJ rnequauon
Henc

Do yourself- 6 :

i I Solve fo r x if
'
1 g >- 1

ii
~

~
(
J Jx '- x> (x -1 )
2. X

1 4. '2 ~ < X
..J x- 3
I
I
I J.
x- 2
>0

✓s-'2x < 6x -1
I
6.
I
s. ✓9x -~ () < X
8. Jv ..+ 18 <2 -.\
7. &X=X-' ,5 -X
e-- 121

.. \
 -~~ ..,,;e;:::

Jf f -M 11l htf flo r•~

CJ.J "lo du lus \nf 'qu a\i lin
•
. , ~------
... .
..-
4,.....,.,.11 :
11)
Solve fol io• an(I
I• 1 - •h i • • + I
~...,. , •., *!!

~\ ~a . ,fa ~ 0
cu) '" ! ♦ 11 - '" - ~,
=> -• s. s. (111)
Ix 1 - I t>f - s:, - 21 • 1(8 - o
,r . < o. the n~ e • (I'" )
0 ..,. ♦ •I ♦ ,..~. ♦ II • I - •'
v. hcf 'C a 11 a real con";ant.
• '"';?.
,r a;? o. \ht-0 • m ca ~•
E (-«-.-• )v l•• ") soi"'"'": ll - ,h ~ 0
a< 0, lhc O ::::> Jt . (-4 ).0 1 V l-'.r :et
1f
Jl < (-<r>,ac) -·' 1,
1,1 - ,h i • " + I
• \,y\ • \•\ lYI ::::> ,t - ,b • + l :::> x 1
1 ll
- ~, - l • 0
• t,\-bl~\•+Yls\,l+IYI 't J'i9
:::> lL •
• ,,, + \y\ • 2
Ill + y1 ¢> ll)' 2! 0
fro m (I) anJ (2)
• ,,, ♦ bl• Ill - YI ~ Jl)' S0
5t lF >
ll

2
•

lllu .~r atl on -26 : RC'Jlf"(''ICnl • on the

oum hcf Iu.c • ~n
15-•1<2 ca w •2
U) 1,1 2! 2 (11) 1, - '..'I~ I (111)
~h ere "l - 4, < 0
hV ) 1 (\) r-J l-S I< I
1•1S2:'"2 +,,.ZId,>
<1
1..,..-, of • from O on
:::> .Jt E (0, 4)
_ C\)
So lut ion : (1) th< number 1,n c" gn:arc,r than o,
• •
c~ual ,o ! ,,.. 1 - 4 ,1 - ll ♦ I
. . . . ., . . .
:::> 4, -
I x1 • " + I :::> " 1 - Jt + I • 0
. I I I,. . . .,.. . . . 0
•
2 -1 0 I
Ix - 31 s I => d1~arx:r of •
(u)

♦
from 3 1s 1c,s than or
tqu..al 10 I.
:::> Jl -
31 /s
2
-. .( )
• e I I I • •·
121012
1
• e
•'
•
fro m (Jl an J (.&)
cm) IS - lll < 2 ⇒ J1~.1rK--e of • from 2 i• le:~
. ,,.,,. e1JJ•
f I I •
th.an 2 •
•
Se t Clf all ~oluUOfU o(

s- & 3-./5 3•~l ~•

Lhe giv en eqUJlulft is

{ ~ . 2 ' 2 · 2Iii}
'•'••
,,~ ) I S Ill+ 21 < 5 \
=> I s I• - (1 )I < S
⇒ dJ~t.a&-e of • from -2 is
I i (ii) I•l... 1I • 1, - 11

. 7 .. _,
arr.ater than or

~ -J l -1 0 I 2 J ◄
equal 10 1 a.nJJ r~ tha

S
n,•
II
. I
Ai • 1 + l > 0 'V
:::>

Ca .~• I
1,2 ♦ 11 • ll;:
ll
+ I. 'V
«~
Jl E 8
(\) ,~ - ~I< I
ll - 2 2 0 :::>
⇒ d11tanct of 2• fro
ll 6 l:!,:c)
m S on the nu mh tt hne u
leu th.in or equ al to 1 1,1 + 1I • 1~ - :!I
.,... ..i.
. :::> x2 ♦ 1• ll - :? :::> •l - ll + 3• 0
4 ' •
::: >4 <2 x< 6 1-t ./I la
~2 <a <l :::> JL •- -
2
122
I I E- 12 3
 -
~
--,: ,,.-·-
\I .1th rm,1tr~•

C..1~-~
X - -·, 0

\'-~+
=> '\
1\=l,-1 \
E (-o:-,2)
\\ hen -82
I
- > -a =za < a =J < a,
J
=•E(l.a o)

~ "<., + l = -'\ + 1 ~ ~i + "< - 1=0

=::,, - -1±Js
XE [-7' co }·>(-00,-1) • ♦
2 Ca~l
Both, ~long.s to (....x.1) 1 I
\\hen -a~-- ⇒ •~- and a• 0
-l-tv5 re} az a2
Hence~• of ~oluuons is { :! ⇒ u 3 .sl and a._o ⇒ a<I and a-o~ aE(-ao.t)-{O}
(iii! 1,~ - I<~ - 8:, - 21 = \t8 - xJ
C,l-.e I x ::S - 4 x e[-f,,oo}-,(--a,,-a)
, 1- 16 + 8• - 16 = ~h - ,~

~x 2 = 31
Ca.-..c ~ .. e (-4.2J .,
xe[-f,.-•]
-x' + 16 + ~x - 16 = 8, - x·
Solutions of the given c:qiwion is
X: Jt .iJ \.\ it)S troC
x ~ lR when a = 0
JtE[-4"J
ca.~ J -
x E ♦ when a> 1
x e (.!.4J
-it!+76- 8x+ 16=n,-X 2 0

16x = 3:? xe [--f,-.-•] when a .-(-.1]-{ 0]

.,.., -- -., llluslratJons-28 : Let A = ( x : x e R. fxl < I J ; B = (x : x e R. Jx - 1I2! 1J and A V 8 = R -
Ca~ 4 '. l ~ 4 D, then the aet
2 2 Dis-
Jt - 16 - 8t + 16 = 8~ - :t

2• 2 = 16'~ (2) [:( : 1 S X < 2) (3) (x: 1 ::S ~ s; 2J ( 4) none of these

(J)(x:l< xS2J
x = 8. 0 (ft"JCCtcd) SolutJon: A= [x: x e R. -1 < x < I J
l E f-4,:!j U (gJ B=[x :x R : x - 1 S -1 or x - I ~ 1J
th t ..~,\ + aJ + i,..:-x + JI= I - a1 ~ j.t:'x + a1j + f.i:-x + If= I - 1
a ' E

== (x: x e R: x ~ 0 or x ~ 2)
Let A= 1:• + a-1. 8 = a2x + J and C = I - a'
GI\ C"n cquauon CJn be \\Tiltr:n
!Al + iBl = C = B - A
:::)B~0a ndA50
a\
II :. Au B = R-D
\\here D = {x: x e R, I ::S x < 2)
Thus (2) is the correct answer.
41-"l -+ J ~ 0 JOO l~ l + :.1 :S 0 lllu.\tralion-29: If Ix - lllx - 21 = -(~ 2 - 3x + 2), then find lhc interval in which x lies ?
~hL-n •=O. ~ER
Solution: Ix - Illx -11 = -{x - 2)(X - 1)
• + • - +
~-hen a~ O. -I ⇒ (x-1)(x-2)S0 -«.o 1 + •
Ii
2 GO
\ ~~ Etnd I< -a ,
ii" -
=> •+f·•+ (--c,:,- aj ⇒ 1SxS2

E 125
 JEF.-.\1..alltnnatics Q,, ..ir .lk£ t_._
-,~~•-
:!I_ 51~ J
lllu. ..;tr atio n-30 : Solve : (i) 11, - i-4
⇒ .... ·-··' ai)
Caw ? : - -- > 0 • ~ (-«:, -1) '-' ( "· ., )
Sol utio n : 11, _ 21 _ 51 ~ I x+ 2
G1\c n ineq u;,uo n bt-cC\mci
=> Ix - 21 - 5 ~ I or Ix - :!I -
S~- J
X-2 X -4 x-2 x-4
--2-- - --
,_,s x•2
=> Ix - 21 ~ 6 or Ix - 21 S 4 x-l x+2
or

Cu.~ -J on ,olv mg "e get on ~lvi ng \o\C ger

j,c - 21 ~ 6 X E ( -2, 4 I 5) V (1, ~ ) "E( -1. OJ•,...111, 512 ]

t.iJ.mg in1c~-t1<X1 v. uh (11) we
gee
2 ~ 6 or x - 2 s -6 ⇒ x ~ 8 or x :S --4 fJlin g rnter-;cct,on with 111, ,.c get
⇒ x -
... (I) -,,(11 1) llEO
⇒ X E (-«', -4J U (8, cc) lt€(4 ,:x,) ) & (iti} )
uauon x 4r (-1. ~) -f J J (tak ing unto n oflt
Cu. ~2 Henn~. ~olur,on of rhe ongma.l mcq
,:

~
Ix - 21 ~ 4 /xi+ • - - n .al"J•H true for• tl<:l oni,
ro
6 Jllu.,rration _u: The t.'t_jU ation I( - lI
=> -4 S X - 2 ~ 4 ⇒ -2 S X S (0) (-et:,, :x>)
... (2) (8) (I. -rJ 1C, (-l. I>
⇒ , e [-2. 6J
(A) (OJ
(-2. 6J v f8. ao)
From (J) and (2) x e (-oc. -4J v
Jf + /x - 2/ + Ix 3/ 2 6. then
- Solu tfon :
X: I
/x-1 /= :ii.+ ;:-ij
~
lllu' 1rut fon JJ : If x sau,fic.~ Jx -
(A)0 SX S4 ( 8) x S - 2 or x ~ 4
•.• 1.(/ + l_~--1=/'( +~ If I i true
tinly ,f (-.. -'(- ) ~ 0 =:> x t: (0 J v (1. :i,). ,\n-. (A.f f)
(C) x :s O or x 2 4 ( D) none of the~ l'=-i1 .,- ' ,-,
Solu tion : Cu!oe f: x s l, rhcn
x50
J-x+2-x+3-x~6 ⇒
l>O )OU ~lr- 7

Heocc x 5 0 ... (i)

Soh e for x € I°~
Ca~ fl : 1 < x 5 2. then 1, - 5/ ~ 5 J. :1- ,, ~ -i
6 ~ X 5 -2 .?.
.l - J + 2 - X + J - X 2 1. M~ w
But 1 < x 5 2 ⇒ No solution. ... (ii)
s. I"</< ./j
6. 1,1 < o
Ca._~ Ill : 2 < x 5 3, rhcn 4. I 5 p, - JI 5 JO
x-J +x-2+3-x~6 ⇒ x~6 It Pxl + .s < o 9. 1.1 , - :,ij < 2
Bur 2 < x 5 3 ⇒ No solurion. ...(1i1) 1. 1:,1 < 3
J!. 11 - 7,1 < ~
Ca~ IV : x > J. then JO. /I - ,1 5:? JJ. 1,1 > 1
x-l+x-2+x-3~6 ⇒ x24
...(iv) 1:,1 4 >0 J-'. p,J - 7 > U
Hen ~ x > 4 ~ 4. JJ. ,+.

uality hold s for x 5 0 or x -\ TIC f.XJ tRE SSI O~S : y =a~l + h, + c:

From (1), (1i), (ii,) 3nd-(1v) the gi ..·cn ineq t
~11 '\l.\f l.\l \',\J ,l'FS Of Ql'.\ OR.
l
~

i JO. MA Xl:\ fl':\I ~~

lllu. ,rnfi on 32 : Solve forx : (a) l/x - 11+2/54. (b) -X-4 S ix-2
x-J
1 Wel now thJI y = .., '+ h, ♦ C wk« follo" ing form • y = ·[( H :: r - ( b'.~~•<)
X+2 ; I
Solu tion : /1, - II+ 21 S 4:::::> -4 S /;re - Jj + 2 5 4
Ca) \·enex =(~ b. -DJ
=:.-
⇒
⇒
-{') s /x - J/ s 2
Ix - 1/ s 2
-Js xsJ
=>
:::::>
-2 s x - 1 s 2
xe( -J.3 J
II "h•~ h ,, a pJrJhol.1. _,1

valu e .1t 1rert e, : "- =- .

,fa

-b -0
)' _,, = --'a
(b) Ca~ J : Given incqu arion 'w·ill ~ statisficd for all x such rhar
\l'h
n en a> O. y "ill tJ.le a mini mum ~

X-4
\·.uue 31 \Crt c,; ,c = -b; y =~
;.;i -so ⇒ xe( -2,4 ]-flJ
1 l is not '" domain of RHS)
......... (i) \\'he n a< O y "'IJ take a m.1.,,imum
•
2.1 nu 4a •

o-= o
(Note: ( is a perfect ~uJ re, then a> O und
.f E If quJdr.Hlc e,pr c"ro n 3,:+ b, +<: 127
---
-----------
128-------
1111
 i,,g,,rithf!!

If in a righl angled triangle, a and b arc the lengths ofsides and c is the length of hypotenuse
~,:;JI:
and c - b .e J, c + b ~ I, then show that

logc•ha + lo&- ,a== 2"-.lg,,ba. log" ba.

\Ve know that in a right angled triangle
c2 = a2 + Ir
c2- b2 = a:! .......... ( i)

_ I + - - - - = log.(c- b) + log,(c + b)
LHS- log,(c+b) log.(c-b) log,(c+b).loga(c -b)

2 2
_ log (c -b
1 ) _ Jog,.a 2
(using {i))
Jog,(c + b). log,(c- b) log. (c + b). log, {c - b)

- log, (c + b). log, ( c - b) = 210£,,,ti1 • logt, b1 a = RI IS

Do yourself - 3 :

Evaluate: logJ 135 _ log. 5 (ii) Evaluate: lo~27- log119

1. (i)
log,s 3 log,.0 s 3

(lij) Evaluate: 2~,s -5 1.:iti 12 (h·) Evaluate: log34. Jo~5. lo£s6. log117. log,8. log,_9

I I
1r--+ > x then xcan bc-
log 3 n log4 n '

(A)2 (0)3 (C) 3.5 (D)n

{,i) If log) = 2 and logh8 = 3, then log1 b is -

(8) Jog13 (D) Jog.,3

l find \·aJue offollowing:

(0 log73. lo~2.log37.logi J25J (ii)

I
(iv) log 0 4-t - -
log" 6

. h I 2 \\' • I a2 b~ • • f '
l• Gl\'en t at og,a = s, log b = s2 and log ! (8) = , + I . rite og1 -C, . - a!> a tum.:twn o 's
• ., I. ~·

(a, b, c > 0, c ~ I).

9
 Logarithm
JE.B M•MOfldflC!!i

4.
~b
0 \\here x - ..Jlo& '--r.:. )' == \{kigh; ..., ::>O ~ b ~ 0 & a , h ~ I
-
, ourself - 4:
Pro,e that n' -b v
Find all values ofx for which the following equalities hold tnae.
(iii) IO!¼X2 lo~x
5. Con1putc the folio,, mg: n
(v) log 1 ix2 +8)=-2
6. 1be "nlue oflog 9. log ( Js 2) log
5 ~ ., 5 log, ( ¼) is (iv) log 112(2x + 1) == log 11iCX + I)

Find all the v-c1Jue.... ofx for which the following cqualitic~ hold tn1c.

7. Calculate· 4 ( -,

(0 log2x2 =2
(ii) log 1/4x2 = I

(iv) logi(x + l )- log/2x-3) = O

(rii) log 112x-log 11i<3-x)= 0
8. 81 3
snnphf) • - - - -:-- - - - ({
4 9
fi)' • -(125) ••)
Solve the tollov. ing equations .

9. S1n1pbf) 5 ➔ log
4
, . . +./3... +log 1. IO+"" £t
.. 1
l
')?
0 log3'4'+ 15 2'+27)-21og,(4.2'-3)=0 4.
log8 ( 8 / x

(log8 x)
l
2
)
-3
-

6. I +2 lo~2. log,.(10-xJ=2/1og4 x
5. 0 3.lo~3 ..
lo~ ~s1-l
1011 =0
10. f md the value of 49' 2)
+:,-- 4

8. xlos.(:o.t3} =16
,., 3 7. x~•t= X
l J. find the, alue of the cxpre.:)ston log~ (;OOO)" + Jogs ( 000)6
2
10. 3log., x + J.X lo&,) = 2
9. Jx1ost J; =l0
12. Let x =(log 5) (log 2 ~ 343) (log 49 729) and y = 25 3 '°S~9 11 1og2s✓l1 log1331 784 , then the\ atue 0
X ) IS l I. log. ( I - ✓1 + x) = log_: ( 3 - ~./1 + x) 12. 2logg(2x) + logg(x 2 + I - 2x) = 413

5 14. )OR .3=2

J3. Find anulog of 13. llog2 xi= 3
6 to the base 64.
15. log4 (2 Jog3 (1 + log2 (I +.3 log3 x))) = _!_ 16. log/ I + log3(2x - 7}) = I
5. LOGAJtlTJ-Jl\11C EQUATIONS 2

11/u~tratinn 12: log ( log ,fi.x) =I, then find x?

17. logi3 1
- 8) = 2 - x 18.

So/11tio11 : log { log2 .Jix )- I 19. logs ,.(x 2

- 2x + 65) = 2

20. logio5 + log./x ➔ l 0)-1 = logi/21 x-20)- log./2x-l)

= log {✓2x) = ~ 21. x••Jos,.• = JOx
I
=:> ✓2x -2 22 •
•
1
r;
2(Jog 1 v5)2-3 log1 Js + 1= 0
⇒ x-1
23• 3 + 2log,.. 13 = 2log3(x + 1)
10
13
 Logarltlt,n

Do ~ourself-5: Do yeurself • 6 :
Solve the followmgmequaliti Solve ror X E R
es
J. 4" - I0.2:-.- 1 - 24 2. 4.2 2" - fr'= = 18.f~'
1. logOJ(x1 + 8)> loSoJ9x)
2. log{ ~~~ } O log,n .Jx2 -2x > -! 3a-J - 9i1 1 + 27M - 675 4. 71.• 2 _.!__7ul -14.7ll-l +2.7:r. = 48
2 3.
4. (log 100x)1 + (log l0x)1 + 7
logx ~ \4 (Here Base of\og • 10)
,s
";(
( Y } log (x+ \) > log (' )
112 2 .. -x 6• loP01.2 . log2".2 .log2 4x > 1 6. (3x-1'>HJCJ_9JJ)1og(7-x)=O

?. log1 5 (2x2 + Sx + 1) < 0 8. lo~ 4x + 5 < - l

6-Sx
7. 52x = 3:?x + 2(5') + 2(3~)
9. 4x 5
\og, (2+x) < 1
10 1og1 - -+<
• 6-Sx - 1
7. GRAPH OF E.XJ>ONl4:NTIAL
FUNCTIO~, ITS EQUA
TION AND INEQUAl.l
TIF..S

,. +2 1
12. Cx -I<-
C2
0

lfatt.">>b ~ff(x)> log. bwhen a> 1 8. CHARACTERISTIC AND MANTISSA :

lf (x) <log, b when 0 <a <1 For any given number N, logarithm can be expressed a~ log0N Integer+ l·mction

Note: Domain of a' ,s Rand The integer part is ca1Jcd characteristic and the fractional pm1 (always taken non ncg~1ti, r) ,~ calk:d m,mti~S(l.
Range is (0, oo)
When the value oflog10 N 1s gi\ en, then to find digits of 'N' ,, e use only the mantissa pa11. The chamctcristic
lllustr:aticm 34: Soh e the ..
equation 31,g,.2 _ 6, IS used only in dctem1ming the number ofdigits in the integ1<1l part (ifN ~I) or the number of zeros
Solutio11 :
Some students solved this after decimal & before first non-zero digit in the number (if O< N < I).
equation thus. ..
h •rewntmg lt. as Note:
3'.2-;::'i -3'.21
(i) The mantissa part ofloganthm of a number is al" ays non-negative (0 s m < 1)
They chose a root x so that
the exponents of
3x the respective bases were e. If the characteristic of log 10N be 'C' and C > 0, then the number of digits in N is (C + I)
x= l,-= l the sam •
x+2 If the characteristic of log10N be'- C' and C > O. then there exist (C I) zeros after decimal
hence the "answer'' x = l . inN.
But this "answer" is incorr
ect. th - 1.., If cbancterlltlc of log..N is 'C' then number of digits (N > l, N e N) or number
nothing has been said about 10 e sense that
b any other on\y oue root of the equati fo la N (0 < N < I) = IC + 11.
ascs are equal, then the Produ roots. Actuall • on ,s
manyway1m h
cts of these Y, tfthc exponents on me app
· PQ
 IAgarlthm
-------
!21E~f.~Af~a!!th~c~m~a~l~•cs~--------------------------- . .~
,-'.....-------
(i. ➔
I b ·~
21. ,, Jog I. - I )- X (h>g, 5 -1). then •
10. lf60 3 and 60 5 then tbe value of 12., 1 bl equals
(D)I
(A)2 (8)3
(C) ,./3 (D) ,Ri
- (A)4
(8)3
(C)2
LG002J

lQ
Jogb c n + logc-h a
I of- (b+c;t; I
11. Let ABC be a tnanglc nght angled nt C. The' n uc logb c n •logc-b a • c -b ~ l)
(B)J LG0022
(A)4
('.\)l (B)2 (C)3 (D)l/2
logl x - (log 1 x )1 + J 1s equal to
L surn (lf thc roots ofthe cquauon 9 <k-f '1 -
0 then the ,aluc oflo,
12. If a and Pare the roots of the equntton (log2x)2 ➔ 4(log2x)- 1 Spo.+Jo~p 2.l (CJ 6 (D)8
(D) 18 (B)4
(A) 18 (B) 16 (C) 14 (A)2 LG0023

nrc in A.P. then x c,m be

If 1, lo!;(J' )\ + 2) and logJ(4.3~ I)
13. If l g ( 4 + log ( x)) - 3 , then ~um ofd1g1ts of x is - 24. (C) I - log,4 (D) Jog 0.25
(A)log,3 (8) Jog14
(D)l8 I..<;0025
(A)3 (B)6 (C)9
l.
(- x) log'° R is:
14. Sun1 ot all the solut1on( ) of the equation log 10(x) + log 1o(x ➔ 2)- logio(5x + 4)- 0 1s - s. Numherofreal ,0Jut10n, ofthe t-quntion ,/log 10
(C) cxnctly 2 (DJ 4 LGOJ45
A) I (8)3 (C)4 (0)5 (B) e~nctly I
(A)zcro
equation 7 "' -2 ( 7
2 1
n.
t,\ sati~f)
6. JhI & •
ing the
ofx
o \~Ju~
nre the
x,

J5. TI e product of all the solution~ ot the equation x •· ,. = l O~x is -

5 5 equab-
(A) IO (B) 10 (C) 10 (D) I (C)-J (D)7
(A)O (B) I
L l..G00J0
32 2
16. lfx and x 2 arc the root!, ofequauon c x -x'\ then the p~oduct of the roots of the equation
ll.

2 7. lflo&J3'~ - I)< lo~ 09 (x - n. then x lie~ in the interval

(A) e (8) c (C) e3 - (D) c (C)(l.O?) (D) none ofmcsc
(A)(2.oo) (B)(J,2)
L LG0020

17. If lo (t lo , (3- Jf;;), then numberofsolut1ons ofd1c equation is - x1 ➔ (logs x ) < 2, tl1en x e
1
8. lfx snusfies the mequaHty fog
(A)O (B) I (C) 2 (D) mfinitel) many
l.r (B)( I, 2) (C) (4. 5) (D) (0. J)

@ 1 , numberof olu11011( )of J1og (3x ) log.(81x) log x ,s. LG0024

(A) 0 (B) I (C) 2 (D) 3

J9. Jfx.) 2 \\hen n I nnd I log,) log },thcnthc\alucof(x y) 15 _

9

• If x= log, ( J56 + \ 56 -I 5 J 6 +J 56 -1 •••••••oo ) , lhcn " h ich of Ilic f011011 mg s1a1emcrus

(D) 3 x 4
hold,
good
)

(() 2 X 4
(AJ X < 0 (8) 0 < X 2
(A)2 (8)4 (C)6 (D)S
l..CiOOI]
I l h . ., ulucs ofn 1s -
0. lfneN
sue I t 1.1t c nractenstic ofrr to the
h.1se 8 I!> 2, rhcn number ofpossible,
20. 111c nun1bcrof mtegral olutions of log x -4 2 + log x - 3 1s - 14 (C) 44~ (D) mfimk
(A) (B) 15
(A) I (13) 2 (CJJ LGOOJ2
(D) 0
29
28
 L Numbcrofsol uuonsoflog4 (x l) log2( X-3) IS [JEE 200 1 (.
(C)2 (D)O
(A)3 (B) 1

I
2. Let (Xo., ) be the solution ot~ lhc t0
~ II
o\\ 1 ec1uution,
ng [.)El~ 201 I
'

3 ,.
-..,, )

111cn X lS

I I
(A) - (B) 3 (D) 6
6

3. TI e ,alueof 6+ log ( ~ 14-~ 14- 1,::-

3,12 ~ 3✓2 ~ 3✓2 ~
(4-. 1,,- •••••• )
.>v.t.
,s [.JEE 201

L
4. lf 3 4' . then x [.JEE-Ad, anced 2013,

2 lo• 2 2
2log 3
(A) 2 og 2 l (B) 2-log 3 (C)
(D) 21og2 3-1

I I
5. 1 he , alue of ( (lo 9)2 }' x (✓7) 1 7 1s __ [.JEF(Ad,anc ed

I
6. ll1ep11oductofallpo 111,ercah ,tuesofxsausf )mgtheequati
on x 1 , ~ , i., 5 1 1~

[.IEE(Ad,unced
l

36