International Journal of Science Academic Research

Vol. 04, Issue 08, pp.6137-6139, August, 2023

Available online at [Link] ISSN: 2582‐6425

Research Article
EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF SIDDHA POLYHERBAL FORMULATION
KURUNTHOTTI KASHAYAM
*Dr. Najma, P. N. and Dr. Siddique Ali, T. R.
Department of Varma Maruthuvam, Government Siddha Medical College, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India

Received 20th June 2023; Accepted 27th July 2023; Published online 30th August 2023
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the analgesic activity (Eddy’s hot plate assay) of Kurunthotti Kashayam. The maximum threshold
produced by Kurunthotti Kashayam at 100 milligram and200 mg per kilogram body weight was 5.96 and 7.7 respectively at 60 minutes.
Kurunthotti Kashayam showed the maximum analgesic effect at 200 mg per kilogram body weight at 60 minutes. Both the samples exhibited
dose dependent analgesic activity. However standard (Pentazocine 30 mg per kilogram ip) showed highly significant analgesic activity.
Keywords: African students in China, intercultural identity, Chinese language learning motivation.

INTRODUCTION siddha medicine used as an Analgesic decoction for a variety

of diseases viz sprains, spasm, injuries etc. This Medicine was
used by great Siddhars since then and even widely used in the
Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience
present time by the current siddha practitioners. Though used
associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described
extensively, the pharmacological evaluation was not done yet.
in terms of such damage. Moaning, guarding the area,
Thus with an interest the present investigation was carried out
restlessness, irritability are the signs and symptoms of pain .
to evaluate the analgesic activity of kurunthotti kashayam in
Analgesics are those drugs which reduce the pain without
experimental models (rats)
blocking the conduction of nerve impulse which can be
classified into two types viz, Anti-inflammatory drugs which
alleviate pain by reducing local inflammatory response and MATERIALS AND METHODS
Opiods, which acts on the brain. The Opioid analgesics can
induce sleep and can be used either short term or long term Raw drugs
relief of severe pain. In contrast the anti-inflammatory
compounds are used for short term pain relief and for modest The raw drugs was collected from the local market in
pain such as that of headache, muscles strain, bruise or Nagarcoil, Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu ,India in the
arthritis. Most of the analgesics inhibit prostaglandin synthesis month of January 2023. It was authenticated by Dr M D
and release by inhibiting the cyclooxygenaze enzymes. Most Saravana Devi MD(s) Professor, Head of the department,
of these drugs inhibit both COX isoforms (COX-1 and COX- Department of Post Graduate Gunapadam, Government Siddha
2). Opioids produce a variety of different adverse effects Medical College, Chennai.
including histamine release, endocrine system suppression,
cardiovascular disorders, respiratory depression, skeletal Preparation of the Kurunthotti Kashayam
muscle rigidity etc. The efficacy of NSAID drugs makes them
one of the most widely used medicine for pain management. The freshly collected drugs were dried under shade and
However the long term use may lead to different systemic powdered. The powdered material was sieved. 15.3g each of
diseases like nausea, constipation, perforation ulcer affecting Kurunthotti ver, Chundai ver,Thara ver, Vellai kundri ver,
the GIT, hypertension ,MI, stroke, thromboembolic events, Mana thakkali ver, Charanai ver, Isangu ver, Arugan ver,
inhibiting platelet activation – in the cardiovascular system, Paruthikkottai and 10.2g each of Kunthirikkam, Tikkamalli
salt and water retention, deterioration of kidney function, pisin, Koshtam, Kadukkai, Nellikkai, Tantrikkai, Thippili
hyperkalemia, analgesic nephropathy affecting the- renal moolam, Inji, Kudasapalai arisi, Thippili, Kombarakkuwas
system, vertigo, depression, lowering of seizure threshold, taken. To this , 1.44L of water is added and heated until it gets
hyperventilation affecting the central nervous system, reduced to 180ml to form the Kurunthotti Kashyam. This was
hepatotoxicity, hypersensitivity etc. The wide range of side then subjected to evaluation of analgesic activity.
effects of these drugs (both opiods and NSAIDs) necessitated
the need for analternative. This resulted in the emergence of Chemicals
new researches in the pharmacological evaluation of medicinal
plants and formulations mentioned in the traditional system of Pentazocine was used as the reference standard for evaluating
medicine in India. Kurunthotti kashayam with 20 medicinal analgesic activity.
plants as ingredients is one of the polyherbal formulation of
Animals
*Corresponding Author: Dr. Najma, P. N.
Department of Varma Maruthuvam, Government Siddha Medical College, Wiser rats which are healthy and adults of either sex weighing
Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
between 200 to 250 g where used forthe study.
6138 International Journal of Science Academic Research, Vol. 04, Issue 08, pp.6137-6139, August, 2023

Table 1.

S. No Tamil name Botanical name Family Vernacular name Used part

1 Kurunthotti ver Sida cordifolia Malvaceae Country mallow Root
2 Chundai ver Solanum torvum Solanaceae Turkey berry Root
3 Thara ver Borreria hispida Rubiaceae Landrina Root
4 Vellai kundri ver Abrus pulchellus Fabaceae Showy rosary pea Root
5 Manathakkali ver Solanum nigrum Solanaceae Black nightshade Root
6 Charanai ver Trianthema portulacastrum Aizoaceae Giant pigweed Root
7 Isangu ver Azima tetracantha Salvadoraceae Bee sting bush Root
8 Arugan ver Cynodon dactylon Poaceae Bermuda grass Rhizome
9 Parutthi kottai Gossypium herbaceum Malvaceae Levant cotton Seed
10 Kunthirikkam Boswellia serrata Burseraceae Indian olibanum Oleo gum resin
11 Tikkamalli pisin Gardenia gummifera Rubiaceae Gummy cape jasmine Gum resin
12 Koshtam Saussurea lappa Asteraceae Indian Costus tree Root
13 Kadukkai Terminalia chebula Combretaceae Chebulic myrobalan Drupe
14 Nellikkai Phyllanthus emblica Euphorbiaceae Indian gooseberry Berry
15 Thanrikkai Terminalia bellerica Combretaceae Bedda nut tree Drupe
16 Thippili Piper longum Piperaceae Long pepper Fruit
17 Inji Zingiber officinale Zingiberaceae Common ginger Rhizome
18 Kudasappalai arisi Holarrhena pubescens Apocynaceae Bitter Oleander Seed
19 Thippili mulam Piper longum Piperaceae Long pepper root Root
20 Kombarakku Laccifer lacca Rosaceae Resinous glaze Resin

Table 2.

Groups Dose Reaction time

ml/kg 15 mins 30mins 45 mins 60 mins
Control (G-1) 1 2.2±.0.2 2.1±0.4 2.4±0.6 1.9±0.2
Pentazocine (G-2) 3 4.5±0.2 7.2±0.4 7.9±0.6 9.6±0.6
KURUNTHOTTI KASHAYAM (KK) (G-3) 2 2.64±1.6 3.98±1.8 4.94±1.6 5.96±2.6
KURUNTHOTTI KASHAYAM(KK) (G-4) 4 4.3±0.8 6.7±0.4 6.9±0.2 7.7±0.6
n=6 ; Statistical analysis one way ANOVA followed by Dunnett t-test.

They were housed in standard polypropylene cages at a The maximum threshold produced by Kurunthotti Kashayam
constant temperature 25±2⁰C in 12hour light and dark cycle at 100 milligrams and 200 mg per kilogram body weight was
provided with standard diet with water throughout the 5.96 and 7.7 respectively at 60 minutes. Kurunthotti kashayam
experiments. All experiment protocols were approved by the show the maximum analgesic effect at 200 mg per kilogram
institutional animal ethical committee under the regulation of body weight at 60 minutes. Both the samples exhibited dose
committee for the purpose of control and supervision of dependent analgesic activity. However standard (Pentazocine
experiments on animals (CPCSEA), New Delhi. 30 MG per kilogram ip) showed highly significant analgesic
activity. Results were shown in the table 1.
Experimental design
Analgesic effect of KK
Eddy’s Hot plate method in rats 15
I
II
The hot plate assay method was employed for the
III
purpose of preferential assessment of possible analgesic
IV
effects of KURUNTHOTTI KASHAYAM. The analgesic 10
drug, Pentazocine, was used for STD group. In this
Time in sec

experiment, four groups (n=6) of Wister rats (200–250 g) were

placed on a hot plate maintained at room temperature for 15
min. Food was withdrawn on the preceding night of the 5

experiment. Group-1 normal control (0.5% CMC p.o.), and

group-2 Pentazocine (30mg/kg, i.p.), whereas groups-3 and 4
animals received KURUNTHOTTI KASHAYAM (100and
200 mg/kg, p. o respectively). Each animal was then 0
15 30 45 60
individually placed gently on Eddy’s hot plate at 55oC. Reaction time
Latency to exhibit nociceptive responses such as licking paws
or jumping off the hot plate, were determined 15, 30, 45 and Figure 1.
60 min after administration of the test drug or vehicle.
DISCUSSION
RESULTS
The Kurunthotti Kashayam significantly reduced the number
Effect of the Kurunthotti Kashayam on eddy’s hot plate of paw licking or jumping off the hot plate induced pain by
induced pain. The rats treated with oral administration of eddies hot plate method used to screen analgesic effect. The
Kurunthotti Kashayam show increased threshold to pain. The results supported the hypothesis of inhibition of the synthesis
threshold of pain increased with time and gave maximum and release of prostaglandin by inhibiting cyclooxygenase
effect at 45 and 60 minutes. enzymes by the oral administration of Kurunthotti Kashayam.
6139 International Journal of Science Academic Research, Vol. 04, Issue 08, pp.6137-6139, August, 2023

It also suggests that the Kurunthotti Kashyam might inhibit or Murugesa mudaliyar, Gunapadam-Mooligai 9th edition,2014
modify responses to pain mediated by nociceptors peripherally. & Dr. R. Thiyagarajan, gunapadam –Thathu-seevam 8th
From this experiment it can be concluded that this drug edition,2013
increases the pain threshold against hot plate induced pain. Nair V, Singh S, Gupta YK. Anti-arthritic and disease
modifying activity of Terminalia chebula Retz. in
Conclusion experimental models. Journal of Pharmacy and
Pharmacology. 2010 Dec;62(12):1801-6
Eddy’s Hot plate induced pain is a standard experimental Oladele GM, Ode OJ, Ogunbodede MA. Evaluation of anti-
model for screening the effectiveness of analgesic drugs by inflammatory and membrane stabilizing effects of aqueous
observing the reaction of rats to pain caused by heat. The study root extract of Boerhavia diffusa Linn. in rats. Int J Appl
showed significant analgesic activity of kurunthotti kashayam Biol Pharm Technol. 2011;2:84-.
at 100 milligrams and 200 mg per kilogram body weight by Rahman N, Marliyati SA, Damanik MR, Anwar F. Anti-
inhibiting the pain induced by the hot plate. The present study inflammatory potential of takokak (Solanum torvum)
proves scientifically the use of Kurunthotti Kashayam for ethanol extract in rats exposed to 7, 12-dimethylbenz [a]
analgesic effect However, further phytochemical studies are anthracene (dmba). Journal of Biomedicine and
required for isolating the active compounds responsible for the Translational Research. 2015 Aug 28;1(1):7-15.
pharmacological action of analgesia. Ravi Dhalwal K, Deshpande YS, Purohit AP, Kadam SS.
Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity Kanth V, Diwan
Acknowledgements: Thanks to Dr Muhammed Musthafa, Dr. PV. Analgesic, antiinflammatory and hypoglycaemic
M D Saravanadevi and Dr. Nasia P N for their help and advice. activities of Sida cordifolia. Phytotherapy Research: An
International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and
REFERENCES Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives.
1999 Feb;13(1):75-7.
Dr. T. Mohana Raj, Agathiyar Varma odivumurivu sara Ravi Kanth V, Diwan PV. Analgesic, antiinflammatory and
soothiram, pg.264,277,278 hypoglycaemic activitiesof Sida cordifolia. Pharmaceutical
Garg VK, Paliwal SK. Anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous biology. 2005 Jan 1;43(9):754-61.
extract of Cynodon dactylon. International Journal of Siddiqui MZ. Boswellia serrata, a potential antiinflammatory
Pharmacology. 2011;7(3):370-5. agent: an overview. Indian journal of pharmaceutical
Jaijoy K, Soonthornchareonnon N, Panthong A, Sireeratawong sciences. 2011 May;73(3):255.
S. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the water Sridhar SK, Ramachandran S, Anbalagan N, Leonard JT,
extract from the fruit of Phyllanthus emblica Linn. Joanofarc J, Kumar SS. Pharmacological screening of
International Journal of Applied research in Natural dikamali resin extract. Natural Product Sciences. 2003;
products. 2010 Jun;3(2):28-35. 9(1):10-2.
Jami MS, Sultana Z, Ali ME, Begum MM, Haque MM. Varma marunthu sei muraigal, Dr. T. Kannan Rajaram. pg:44,
Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities on 45, 237
ethanolic extract of Terminalia chebula fruits in Vedhanayaki G, Shastri GV, Kuruvilla A. Analgesic activity of
experimental animal models. Piper longum Linn. root.
Kuo SC, Chen SC, Chen LH, Wu JB, Wang JP, Teng CM. Zahara K, Panda SK, Swain SS, Luyten W. Metabolic
Potent antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory and antiallergic Diversity and Therapeutic Potential of Holarrhena
isoflavanquinones from the roots of Abrus precatorius. pubescens: An Important Ethnomedicinal Plant.
Planta medica. 1995 Aug;61(04):307-12. Biomolecules. 2020 Sep;10(9):1341.

*******