MATHEMATICS

AS A
LANGUAGE
Presented by: Claire Anne D. Jove, LPT
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 GOALS:

At the end of the lesson, the students will be

able to:
• explain the nature of mathematics as a

language and
• recognize mathematics as a useful

language.
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 Lesson I: The Language of Mathematics
Objectives:
• Classify the characteristics of
mathematical language.
• Differentiate expressions from sentences.
• Identify conventions in the mathematical
language.
• Define sets and relations.
• Perform operations on mathematical
expressions correctly.
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 Discuss the characteristics of the language of mathematics
and give an example to supplement your explanation.

1. The Language of Mathematics is Precise.

Explanation:
Example:

2. The Language of Mathematics is Concise.

Explanation:
Example:

3. The Language of Mathematics is Powerful.

Explanation:
Example:
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 Expressions versus Sentences
• Mathematical sentences state a complete thought, while
mathematical expressions do not and cannot be tested
if true or false.

Mathematical Mathematical
Sentence Expression
-11 + 7 = 4 26.14
1 – 4 = -3 5+2
1∙x=x x+ 2
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 Classify each given equation as a mathematical
expression (E) or a mathematical sentence (S).
1. a + 9
4. 3.1416
2.b+0=b
5. x + y = y + x
�
3.
���
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 Classify each given equation as a mathematical
expression (E) or a mathematical sentence (S).
1. a + 9 4. 3.1416

2.b+0=b 5. x + y = y + x
� ANSWERS:
3.
��� 1. E 2. S 3. E 4.E 5.S
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 Mathematical Symbols
multiplication × , ∗ , ∙ ���� ���� �� ����� �� ≤
division ÷ , /, greater than or equal
to ≥
equal =
�������� ∞
approximate ~
factorial !
not equal ≠
������ ����� �� ≈
greater than >
less than < radical or square root √
real numbers ℝ
��������� ∴
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natural numbers ℕ
 ● Write numbers before letters: 4b+2x+7y
● Arrange the letters alphabetically: x+y-z
● Sets are written using capital letters:
A, B, C
● Elements of a set are written using
lowercase letters inside braces: A={a,b,c}
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 Write each mathematical expression in the most
in the most conventional way.
1. � * x
2. z ∙ y ∙ 0.5
3. 8 ∙ y ∙ x
� � �
4. c ∙ a ∙ b ∙ 3
�� �
5. 11 ∙ z ∙ t∙ �
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 Write each mathematical expression in the most
in the most conventional way.
1. �x
2. 0.5yz
3. 8xy
� � �
4. 3a b c
5. 11t �� z��
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 Sets

Set: a collection of any object. It is a

mathematical expression in which a name is
given to some collection of objects.

elements or members: refer to the objects in

a set.
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 finite set: If the number of elements in
a set can be enumerated.

infinite set: with unlimited number of

elements.

empty/null set : A set that has no

members. Denoted using { } or Φ.
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 Listing method: a way of
describing the set in which the
members are separated by
commas and enclosed in braces
like set S = {4, 8, 12}.
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The set has 3 elements which are 4, 8, and 12.

 Symbol Read as

∈ is in /
is an element of/
is a member of
∉ is not in/
is not an element of/
is not a member of
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 Subsets
● set S = {4, 8, 12}
● Subsets = {4},{8}, {12}, {4,

8}, {4, 12}, {8, 12}, {4, 8,

12} and {}
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 Simply put, functions have one
x(domain) for every y(range) or
many x to one y.
● Examples of functions:
(1,2),(2,2),(3,2)
● Examples of NOT functions:
(Gerald,Kim), (Gerald,Maja),
(Gerald,Bea), (Gerald,Julia)
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 Binary Operations
"binary" means composition of two pieces.

Binary operation refers to joining two values to

create a new one.

Addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (x),

and division (+) are examples of binary
operations.
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 I. Closure Property

Addition: The sum of any two real numbers is also a

real number.
Example: 12+34=46

Multiplication: The product of any two real numbers

is also a real number.
Example: 7 * 20 = 140
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 II. Commutative Property
Addition: For any two real numbers x and y,
x+y=y+x
Example: 1.5 + 7.8 = 7.8 + 1.5
9.3 = 9.3
Multiplication: The product of any two real
numbers is also a real number.
Example: 8 x 5 = 5 x 8
40 = 40
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 III. Associative Property
Addition: For any real numbers x, y and z,
x + (y + z) = (x + y) + z .
Example: 3 + (10 + 9) = (3 + 10) + 9
3 + 19 = 13 + 9
22 = 22
Multiplication: For any real numbers x,y,z,
x(yz) = (xy)z
Example: 3(9∙6) = (3∙9)6
3(54) = (27)6
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162 = 162
 IV. Identity Property

Addition: For any real number x,

x + 0 = x.
The number “0” is called the additive identity.
Example: 78+0=78

Multiplication: For any real number x,

x∙1=x
The number "1" is called the multiplicative identity.
Example: 98 ∙ 1 = 98
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 V. Distributive Property of Multiplication Over Addition
For any real numbers x, y and z,
x( y + z) = xy + xz
Using the distributive property, write the equivalent
expressions of the following.

1. a(-x + y – z)

2. -5 (7I + 8m + 9n)

3. m(�� - �� )
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 V. Distributive Property of Multiplication Over Addition
For any real numbers x, y and z,
x( y + z) = xy + xz
Using the distributive property, write the equivalent
expressions of the following.

1. a(-x + y – z) = -ax +ay -az

2. -5 (7I + 8m + 9n) = -35l -40m -45n

3. m(�� - �� ) = � �� - ���
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 VI. Inverses of Binary Operations

Addition: For any real number

x + (-x) =0.
Example: 100 + (-100) = 0

Multiplication: For any real number x,

�
x ∙ =1
�
�
Example: 98 ∙ =1
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��
 Summary
The following are the characteristics of the language of
mathematics: precise, concise, and powerful.

Mathematical sentences state a complete thought.

Centered dot (∙) is a shorthand to be used for multiplication

especially when variables are involved.

A set is a collection of any objects.

Finite set has definite number of elements. Otherwise, it is

infinite set.
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 Summary
A set is a subset of a given set if any one of the following
three conditions holds:
It is the given set.
It is the empty set, or
Each member of the set is also an element of the
given set.

A set that has no members is called the empty set.

A relation is a set of ordered pairs. A function maybe a

one-to-one correspondence or many-to-one
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correspondence.
 Summary
A binary operation refers to joining two values to create a
new one.

Properties of addition and multiplication, as binary

operations, on the set of real numbers:
Closure Property
Commutative Property
Associative Property
Identity Property
Distributive Property of Multiplication Over Addition
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Inverses of Binary Operation

 Homework:
Chapter
Assessment pages
35-36
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