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RESERVOIR ENGINEERING I
Hussein Y. Ali
Basrah University for Oil and Gas
General Examples
LECTURE
THREE Volumetric Method for Oil and Gas
Recovery Factor (RF)
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EXAMPLE.1
• There are 650MM stb of oil initially in place in a reservoir. It is estimated that 500MM
stb can be produced. Already 150MM stb have been produced.
• Answer the followings:
1. STOIIP= ?
2. The reserve = ?
EXAMPLE.2
• After drilling, it was estimated that there was a 90% chance of producing at least 100
MMstb, 50% chance of producing 350 MMstb and 10% chance of producing 550 MMstb.
• Answer the followings:
1. Proved reserve = ?
2. Probable reserve =?
3. Possible reserve =?
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EXAMPLE.3
• A reservoir has been discovered by drilling a successful exploration well and drilling
several producing wells. We have even produced some 200 MMstb of oil. STOIIP
=2000 MMstb. Recovery factor=35%.
• What are the reserves?
PART 2
ESTIMATION OF OIL&GAS IN PLACE BY VOLUMETRIC METHOD
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VOLUME OF OIL IN PLACE
7758 ∗𝑉𝑏∗∅∗𝑆𝑜 𝑡
𝑁 𝑡 =
𝐵𝑜 𝑡
• Where:
N(t): oil in place at time t, (STB)
7758 = conversion factor from acre-ft to bbl
Vb: bulk reservoir volume (acres.ft) = Ah
∅: Porosity (fraction)
So (t): oil saturation at time t, fraction
Bo(p): oil formation volume factor at reservoir pressure p, (RB/STB)
VOLUME OF GAS IN PLACE
43560 ∗𝑉𝑏∗∅∗𝑆𝑔 𝑡
𝐺 𝑡 =
𝐵𝑔 𝑡
• Where:
G(t): Gas in place at time t, (SCF)
43560 = conversion factor from acre-ft to ft3
Vb: bulk reservoir volume (acres.ft) = Ah
∅: Porosity (fraction)
Sg (t): gas saturation at time t, fraction
Bg(p): gas formation volume factor at reservoir pressure p, (ft3/scf)
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RECOVERABLE RESERVES
Recoverable reserves = N(t) or G(t) * RF
• Where RF: recovery factor
• So, how to estimate RF ?
RECOVERY FACTOR (RF)
• The recoverable amount of hydrocarbon initially in place, normally expressed as a
percentage.
• Drive mechanism has the greatest geological impact on recovery factor.
Reservoir drive
Gas Oil
mechanism
Strong water 30–40 45–60
Partial water 40–50 30–45
Gas expansion 50–70 20–30
Solution gas ------ 15–25
Gravity drainage N/A 50–70
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RECOVERY FACTOR (RF)
• Guthrie and Greenberger have made a statistical study of the Craze and Buckley data
on water drive fields which resulted in the empirical relations.:
RF =0.11403 + 0.2719 log K +0.25569 Sw+0.1355 log µo -1.5380 ø-0.00035h
• Where:
RF = Recovery factor fraction
K = Permeability,md
µo = Oil Viscosity ,cp
h = net pay thickness ,ft.
EXAMPLE.1
• Area = 26,700 acres
• Net productive thickness = 49 ft
• Porosity = 8%
• Average Swi = 45%
• Initial reservoir pressure, pi = 2980 psia
• Abandonment pressure, pa = 300 psia
• Bo at Pi = 1.68 bbl/STB
• Bo at Pa = 1.15 bbl/STB
• Sg at Pa = 34%
• Sor after water invasion = 20%
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EXAMPLE.1
• Calculate the following quantities:
1. Initial oil in place
2. Oil in place after volumetric depletion to abandonment pressure
3. Oil in place after water invasion at initial pressure
4. Oil reserve by volumetric depletion to abandonment pressure
5. Oil reserve by full water drive
EXAMPLE.2
• Area = 160 acres
• Net productive thickness = 40 ft
• Porosity = 22%
• Swi = 23%
• Initial reservoir pressure, pi = 3250 psia
• Bg at Pi = 0.00533 ft3/SCF
• Bg at 2500 psia = 0.00667 ft3/SCF
• Bg at 500 psia = 0.03623 ft3/SCF
• Sgr after water invasion = 34%
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EXAMPLE.2
• Calculate the following quantities:
1. Initial gas in place
2. Gas in place after volumetric depletion to 2500 psia
3. Gas in place after volumetric depletion to 500 psia
4. Gas in place after water invasion at 3250 psia
5. Gas in place after water invasion at 2500 psia
6. Gas in place after water invasion at 500 psia
7. Gas reserve by volumetric depletion to 500 psia
8. Gas reserve by full water drive; i.e. at 3250 psia
9. Gas reserve by partial water drive; i.e. at 2500 psia
EXAMPLE.3
• A gas reservoir has the following characteristics:
A=3000 acres, h=30 ft, ϕ=0.15, Swi=20%, T=150°F, Pi=2600 psi
P Z
2600 0.82
1000 0.88
400 0.92
• Calculate cumulative gas production and recovery factor at 1000 and 400 psi.
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THANK YOU
