Chapter String Handling
Fill in the blanks
Question 1
concat() method is used to join two strings.
Question 2
The output of the following statement, when executed:
System.out.println("COMPUTER".charAt(4)); is U
Question 3
The output of the statement, when executed:
System.out.println("Object Oriented".length()); is 15
Question 4
+ operator is used to concatenate two strings.
Question 5
String declaration is terminated by the symbol ;(semicolon).
Question 6
Character literal is enclosed within single quotes (').
Question 7
The return type of the statement equals( ) is boolean.
Question 8
The output of "VIDYALAYA."substring(2,5) will result in DYA
Write down the syntax to perform the following tasks
Question 1
To check whether a character(chr) is in upper case or not.
boolean res = Character.isUpperCase(chr);
Question 2
To compare two Strings(str1, str2) are same or not.
boolean res = str1.equals(str2);
Question 3
To extract the last character of a word(wd) stored in the variable chr.
char chr = wd.charAt(wd.length() - 1);
Question 4
To return the first occurrence of 'a' in the word "applications".
int res = "applications".indexOf('a');
Question 5
To replace the word "old" with the word "new" in a given String st = "old is always old"
String str = st.replace("old", "new");
Question 6
To check if the second character of a String(str) is in upper case.
boolean res = Character.isUpperCase(str.charAt(1));
Predict the output of the following
Question 1
String str = "Computer Applications" + 1 + 0;
System.out.println("Understanding" + str);
Output
UnderstandingComputer Applications10
Explanation
In the first line, + operator concatenates 1 and 0 to the end of "Computer Applications" so str becomes "Computer Applications10".
Next line prints "UnderstandingComputer Applications10" to the console.
Question 2
String n1 = "46", n2 = "64";
int total = Integer.parseInt(n1) + Integer.parseInt(n2);
System.out.println("The sum of " + "46 " + "and" + " 64" + " is " + total);
Output
The sum of 46 and 64 is 110
Explanation
Integer.parseInt() method will convert the strings n1 and n2 to their corresponding numerical integers. So, 46 and 64 are added as
numerical values and the result 110 is stored in int variable total.
Question 3
boolean p; p = ("BLUEJ".length() > "bluej".length()) ? true: false;
Output
false
Explanation
Both "BLUEJ" and "bluej" have the same length 5. So, condition of ternary operator is false and false is assigned to boolean variable p.
Question 4
String str = "Information Technology";
int p;
p = str.indexOf('n');
System.out.println(p);
Output
Explanation
str.indexOf('n') will return the first index of n in str which is 1. So, the output of this program is 1.
Question 5
String str1 = "Information Technology";
String str2 = "information technology";
boolean p = str1.equalsIgnoreCase(str2);
System.out.println("The result is " + p);
Output
The result is true
Explanation
str1.equalsIgnoreCase(str2) will do a case insensitive comparison of str1 and str2. As both strings contain the same
characters if we ignore the case so it returns true which is stored in boolean variable p.
Question 6
What do the following functions return?
String x = "Vision";
String y = "2020";
(a)
System.out.println(x + y);
Output
Vision2020
Explanation
x and y are concatenated and printed.
(b)
System.out.println(x.length());
Output
Explanation
x.length() will give the number of characters in string x which is 6.
(c)
System.out.println(x.charAt(3));
Output
Explanation
x.charAt(3) will return the character at index 3 of string x which is i.
(d)
System.out.println(x.equals(y));
Output
false
Explanation
x.equals(y) will return false as x and y contains different characters.
Question 7
String S1 = "Computer World";
String S2 = "COMPUTER WORLD";
String S3 = "Computer world";
String S4 = "computer world";
System.out.println(S1 + " equals "+ S2 + " " + S1.equals(S2));
System.out.println(S1 + " equals "+ S3 + " " + S1.equals(S3));
System.out.println(S1 + " equals "+ S4 + " " + S1.equals(S4));
System.out.println(S1 + " equalsIgnoreCase "+ S4 + " " + S1.equalsIgnoreCase(S4));
Output
Computer World equals COMPUTER WORLD false
Computer World equals Computer world false
Computer World equals computer world false
Computer World equalsIgnoreCase computer world true
Explanation
As the strings S1, S2, S3 and S4 differ in the case of the characters so equals() method will return false but
equalsIgnoreCase() method will return true.
Question 8
If:
String x = "Computer";
String y = "Applications";
What do the following functions return?
(i) System.out.println(x.substring(1,5));
Output
ompu
Explanation
x.substring(1,5) will return a substring of x starting at index 1 till index 4 (i.e. 5 - 1 = 4).
(ii) System.out.println(x.indexOf(x.charAt(4)));
Output
Explanation
x.charAt(4) returns the character at index 4 of string x which is 'u'. First index of 'u' in x is 4 so output is 4.
(iii) System.out.println(y + x.substring(5));
Output
Applicationster
Explanation
x.substring(5) will return the substring of x starting at index 5 till the end of the string. It is "ter". This is added to the end of
string y and printed to the console as output.
(iv) System.out.println(x.equals(y));
Output
false
Explanation
As strings x and y are not equal so x.equals(y) returns false.
Question 9
Give the output of the following:
String n = "Computer Knowledge";
String m = "Computer Applications";
System.out.println(n.substring(0,8).concat(m.substring(9)));
System.out.println(n.endsWith("e"));
Output
ComputerApplications
true
Explanation
n.substring(0,8) returns the substring of n starting at index 0 till 7 (i.e. 8 - 1 = 7) which is "Computer". m.substring(9)
returns the substring of m starting at index 9 till the end of the string which is "Applications". concat() method joins "Computer" and
"Applications" together to give the output as ComputerApplications.
Question 10
Give the output of the following statements:
String x[] = {"SAMSUNG", "NOKIA", "SONY", "MICROMAX", "BLACKBERRY"};
(i) System.out.println(x[1]);
Output
NOKIA
Explanation
x[1] gives the second element of the array x which is "NOKIA"
(ii) System.out.println(x[3].length());
Output
Explanation
x[3].length() gives the number of characters in the fourth element of the array x.
Question 11
Give the output of the following string functions:
(i) "ACHIEVEMENT".replace('E', 'A')
Output
ACHIAVAMANT
Explanation
All 'E' are replaced with 'A'.
(ii) "DEDICATE".compareTo("DEVOTE")
Output
-18
Explanation
"DEDICATE" and "DEVOTE" differ at the third character with 'D' and 'V', respectively. So, output of compareTo() method will be
ASCII Code of 'D' - ASCII Code of 'V' ⇒ 68 - 86 ⇒ -18.
Question 12
Consider the following String array and give the output
String arr[]= {"DELHI", "CHENNAI", "MUMBAI", "LUCKNOW", "JAIPUR"};
System.out.println(arr[0].length() > arr[3].length());
System.out.print(arr[4].substring(0,3));
Output
false JAI
Explanation
As length of the string "DELHI" is less than that of "LUCKNOW" so first output is false.
arr[4].substring(0,3) will return the substring of "JAIPUR" starting at index 0 till index 2 (i.e. 3 - 1 = 2).
Differentiate between the following
Question 1
equals() and ==
equals() ==
It is a method It is a relational operator
It is used to check if the contents of two strings are same or not It is used to check if two variables refer to the same object in memory
Example: Example:
String s1 = new String("hello"); String s1 = new String("hello");
String s2 = new String("hello"); String s2 = new String("hello");
boolean res = s1.equals(s2); boolean res = s1 == s2;
System.out.println(res); System.out.println(res);
The output of this code snippet is true as contents of s1 and s2 The output of this code snippet is false as s1 and s2 point to different
are the same. String objects.
Question 2
compareTo() and equals()
compareTo() equals()
It checks if contents of two strings are
It compares two strings lexicographically.
same or not.
The result is a negative, positive or zero integer value depending on whether the String object The result is true if the contents are
precedes, follows or is equal to the String argument same otherwise it is false.
Question 3
toLowerCase() and toUpperCase()
toLowerCase() toUpperCase()
Converts all characters of the String object to lower case Converts all characters of the String object to upper case
Example: Example:
String str = "HELLO"; String str = "hello";
System.out.println(str.toLowerCase()); System.out.println(str.toUpperCase());
Output of this code snippet will be hello. Output of this code snippet will be HELLO.
Question 4
charAt() and substring()
charAt() substring()
It returns a character from the string at the index It extracts a part of the string as specified by its arguments and returns the
specified as its argument extracted part as a new string.
Its return type is char Its return type is String
Example: Example:
String str = "Hello"; String str = "Hello";
char ch = str.charAt(1); String subStr = str.substring(1);
System.out.println(ch); System.out.println(subStr);
Output of this code snippet is e. Output of this code snippet is ello.
Write short answers
Question 1
What is exception? Name two exception handling blocks.
An exception is an event, which occurs during the execution of a program, that disrupts the normal flow of the program's
instructions. Two exception handling blocks are try and catch.
Question 2
State the purpose and return data type of the following String functions:
(a) indexOf()
It returns the index within the string of the first occurrence of the specified character or -1 if the character is not present. Its
return type is int.
(b) compareTo()
It compares two strings lexicographically. Its return type is int.
Question 3
Write a statement for each to perform the following task on a string:
(i) Extract the second last character of a word stored in the variable wd.
char ch = wd.charAt(wd.length() - 2);
(ii) Check if the second character of a string str is in upper case.
boolean res = Character.isUpperCase(str.charAt(1));
Question 4
Write a statement each to perform the following task on a string:
(i) Find and display the position of the last space in a string s.
System.out.println(s.lastIndexOf(' '));
(ii) Convert a number stored in a string variable x to double data type.
double a = Double.parseDouble(x);
Question 5
How does endsWith() and startsWith() differ? Explain with an example.
endsWith() tests if the string object ends with the string specified as its argument. startsWith() tests if the string object starts
with the string specified as its argument. Consider the below example:
public class Example
{ public static void main(String args[])
{
String str = "ICSE Computer Applications";
System.out.println("Does " + str + " starts with ICSE? " + str.startsWith("ICSE"));
System.out.println("Does " + str + " ends with tions? " + str.endsWith("tions")); } }
Here, both str.startsWith("ICSE") and str.endsWith("tions") returns true as str starts with "ICSE" and ends
with "tions".
Describe the purpose of the following functions with their syntax
Question 1
toUpperCase()
It converts a string into upper case characters. If any character is already in uppercase or is a special character then it will
remain same.
Syntax:
String <variable-name> = <string-variable>.toUpperCase();
Question 2
trim()
It removes all leading and trailing space from the string.
Syntax:
String <variable-name> = <string-variable>.trim();
Question 3
toLowerCase()
It converts a string into lowercase characters. If any character is already in lowercase or is a special character then it will
remain same.
Syntax:
String <variable-name> = <string-variable>.toLowerCase();
Question 4
length()
It returns the length of the string i.e. the number of characters present in the string.
Syntax:
int <variable-name> = <string-variable>.length();
Question 5
replace()
It replaces a character with another character or a substring with another substring at all its occurrences in the given string.
Syntax:
String <variable-name> = <string-variable>.replace(<character or substring to replace>,
<new character or substring>);
Question 6
compareTo()
It compares two strings lexicographically.
Syntax:
int <variable-name> = <string-variable>.compareTo(<string-variable2>);
Question 7
reverse()
It is a method of StringBuffer class used to reverse the sequence of characters.
Syntax:
<StringBuffer-Variable>.reverse();
Question 8
indexOf()
It returns the index within the string of the first occurrence of the specified character or -1 if the character is not present.
Syntax:
int <variable-name> = <string-variable>.indexOf(<character>);
Question 9
startWith()
It tests if the string object starts with the string specified as its argument.
Syntax:
boolean <variable-name> = <string-variable>.startWith(<string>);
Question 10
equalsIgnoreCase()
It ignores the case of the characters and checks if the contents of two strings are same or not.
Syntax:
boolean <variable-name> = <string-variable>.equalsIgnoreCase(<string>);
