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simple distillation
Method · November 2021
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.23099.75047
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Al-Mustansiriya of University الجامعة ألمستنصريه
College of Engineering كلية الهندسة
Environmental Engineering Department قسم الهندسة البيئة
simple distillation
Laboratory name: Thermodynamics Laboratory
Experiment Number : first
Preparation by
Mohammad Abdulkadhim Qitan
Supervised by
Lecturer: إسراء مرتضى حميد
Experiment date 1/11/2021A.D. 1442 A.H.
1- Introduction
Distillation is a process in which a mixture of two liquids is purified by heating it
to the point of boiling one fluid and then allowing it to be assembled in another
midwife. The distillation process depends on the steam pressure of the two
mixed liquids, which is proportional to the moly breakage of the components,
and simple distillation is used when there is a significant difference in steam
pressure (i.e. a large difference in boiling degree because the boiling degree of
pure liquid is equal to the degree to which it turns into steam and the
temperature remains constant during the distillation process until the steaming
process to be separated is finished).
2-The purpose of the experiment:
The separation of two components due to the difference in boiling points .
3-Apparatus :
1. Heat sourse. 2. Conical & round bottom flask 3. Connections & fittings
4. Thermometer 5. Condenser (double pipe heat exchanger).
6. Feed water source for cooling 8. Rubber Stoppers 9. Clumps & stands
10. Ethanol & water
4- Picture during Experiment
5-Method
1. A solution is prepared 30% Ethanol - Distilled water.
2. Put the solution in the round bottom flask, and fix the thermometer, open water
to enter the condenser.
3. At time =0 read & record the initial temperature of solution .
4. Turn on the heat source and record the temperature of the solution every
minutes until it starts boiling, read the temperature at this point
( boiling poin of Ethanol= 64-65.5°C , and distilled water = 100°C) till all solution is
distilled.
5. Record the final volume of distilled solution.
6-Calculation and results:
Run Time Temp Volume
( minute ) ( Silesian C ) (ml)
1 12:31 43 C Zero
2 12:35 58 C First drop
3 12:37 64 C 2 ml
4 12:38 65 C 4 ml
5 12:39 66 C 12 ml
6 12:40 66.5 C 14 ml
7-Chart
16
14
12
volum (ml)
10
0
43 C 58 C 64 C 65 C 66 C 66.5 C
Temperature C
8-Conclusions
There are circumstances that affected the course of the experiment, for example
1-External pressure :
That a lot of organic fluids disintegrate before they reach boiling point, when
With normal (atmospheric) pressure, it reduces the degree of boiling by boiled
External and controlled pressure to obtain the organic compound in an reducing
undressed manner In other words, the boiling point is a direct fit with external
The temperature increased, the boiling temperature pressure, the more
Steam pressure is directly increased, so the steam pressure increased
proportional to the temperature.
2-The purity of the compound :
Where impurities affect the boiling point there are two types of impurities here
A- Humidity: increases the boiling of vehicles.
B- Organic or inorganic compounds: increases the boiling point.
9-Discussion questions
1-Why is the condenser feeding water from the bottom and exiting from the top?
- Because when it is fed from the top, it cannot be fully condensed and its speed
is greater and is in the direction of gravity, while from the bottom up its speed is
slow because it is the opposite of gravity, so it precipitates or condenses
completely and a high cooling is obtained, which helps in cooling the inner
surface of the condenser .
2-Where there circumstances that affected the course of the experiment ?
- Yes, there were circumstances that affected the experience, such as not
closing the stoppers tightly and the release of part of the steam because they
were not closed .
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