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Formulas Related To Elecrochemical

The document outlines key concepts and formulas in electrochemistry, including cell potential, Gibbs free energy, equilibrium constant, Faraday's laws of electrolysis, conductance, and Kohlrausch's law. It provides equations for calculating standard cell potential, Gibbs free energy changes, and molar conductivity, among others. These formulas are essential for understanding various electrochemical processes such as corrosion, batteries, and fuel cells.

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34 views2 pages

Formulas Related To Elecrochemical

The document outlines key concepts and formulas in electrochemistry, including cell potential, Gibbs free energy, equilibrium constant, Faraday's laws of electrolysis, conductance, and Kohlrausch's law. It provides equations for calculating standard cell potential, Gibbs free energy changes, and molar conductivity, among others. These formulas are essential for understanding various electrochemical processes such as corrosion, batteries, and fuel cells.

Uploaded by

ERASER group
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1.

Cell Potential (Electromotive Force - EMF)


●​ E°<sub>cell</sub> = E°<sub>cathode</sub> - E°<sub>anode</sub>
○​ E°<sub>cell</sub>: Standard cell potential (in volts)1
○​ E°<sub>cathode</sub>: Standard reduction potential of the cathode
○​ E°<sub>anode</sub>: Standard reduction potential of the anode
●​ Nernst Equation:
○​ E<sub>cell</sub> = E°<sub>cell</sub> - (RT/nF) * ln(Q)2
■​ E<sub>cell</sub>: Cell potential under non-standard conditions3
■​ R: Ideal gas constant (8.314 J/mol K)4
■​ T: Temperature in Kelvin
■​ n: Number of moles of electrons transferred
■​ F: Faraday's constant (96,485 C/mol)5
■​ Q: Reaction quotient (concentration of products / concentration of reactants)6

2. Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG)


●​ ΔG° = -nFE°<sub>cell</sub>
○​ ΔG°: Standard Gibbs free energy change
○​ n: Number of moles of electrons transferred7
○​ F: Faraday's constant8
○​ E°<sub>cell</sub>: Standard cell potential9
●​ ΔG = ΔG° + RT ln(Q)10
○​ ΔG: Gibbs free energy change under non-standard conditions11
○​ R: Ideal gas constant
○​ T: Temperature in Kelvin
○​ Q: Reaction quotient12

3. Equilibrium Constant (K)


●​ ΔG° = -RT ln(K)
○​ ΔG°: Standard Gibbs free energy change
○​ R: Ideal gas constant
○​ T: Temperature in Kelvin
○​ K: Equilibrium constant13
●​ E°<sub>cell</sub> = (RT/nF) * ln(K)

4. Faraday's Laws of Electrolysis


●​ First Law:
○​ The mass of a substance deposited or liberated at an electrode is directly proportional to
the quantity of electricity passed through the electrolyte.1415
○​ m = (I * t * M) / (n * F)
■​ m: Mass of the substance
■​ I: Current (amperes)16
■​ t: Time (seconds)
■​ M: Molar mass of the substance
■​ n: Number of electrons involved in the reaction
■​ F: Faraday's constant17
●​ Second Law:
○​ When the same quantity of electricity is passed through solutions of different electrolytes,
the masses of the substances liberated are directly proportional to their equivalent weights.

5. Conductance
●​ Conductivity (κ):
○​ κ = 1/ρ
■​ κ: Conductivity (Siemens/meter or S/m)
■​ ρ: Resistivity (ohm-meter or Ω⋅m)18
●​ Molar Conductivity (Λ<sub>m</sub>):
○​ Λ<sub>m</sub> = κ / C
■​ Λ<sub>m</sub>: Molar conductivity (S m²/mol)19
■​ κ: Conductivity
■​ C: Concentration (mol/m³)

6. Kohlrausch's Law:
●​ At infinite dilution, the molar conductivity of an electrolyte is the sum of the limiting molar
conductivities of its individual ions.20
○​ Λ°<sub>m</sub> (electrolyte) = λ°<sub>+</sub> (cation) + λ°<sub>-</sub> (anion)

Note: These are some of the key formulas in electrochemistry. There are many other more
specific formulas and equations that are used in different areas of electrochemistry, such as
corrosion, batteries, and fuel cells.

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