Math 20-2 Homework Booklet

Teacher – Mrs. Rosteski

Name: __________________________________________________________

All Homework must be completed for the day after the lesson is completed in class. If
you are absent the day of the lesson you are still responsible for the work
Unit 1: Lesson 1 Parallel Lines Practice – Solve for the indicated angle and identify the angle property you used.
Lesson 2: Angle Properties in Triangles
1. Solve for all missing angles in the triangles:

2. Determine the missing angles:

a.

c.

3. Determine the value of x:

Find the indicated angles or solve for x:
Lesson 3: Angle Properties in Polygons
1. Determine the number of sides a polygon has if the total degree measure of the interior angles is 2880o

2. Determine the missing angle

3. Determine the total degree of interior angles of a 20-sided shape.

4. Determine the measure of the indicated angles

5. Determine the measures of the interior angles of a hexagon.

6.
Given the diagram on the right, the measure of ∠c is __________.
Lesson 4: Congruent Triangles and Proofs
1. Determine if the triangles are congruent and if so, which congruence condition is being used.

2.
Unit 2: Lesson 1 Trigonometry Review
1. Use the diagram below to answer the following questions:

a. Determine the length of the hypotenuse

b. Determine the missing angle

2. Determine the value of x. For sides, round to the nearest tenth. For angles, round to the nearest whole number.

a.
f.

g.

b.

h.

c.

i.

d.

e.
Lesson 2: Sine Law
1. Solve for the value of q: 2. Solve for the value of angle H:

3. Determine the value of side c:

4. Determine x in the following triangles . Round side lengths to the nearest tenth and angles to the nearest degree.

M
P
69.6° 𝑿°
X R
39°

N
47.1° X 9.8 m

12.2 m 15 m
L

5. Solve the following triangle. Round side lengths to the nearest tenth and angles to the nearest degree.
Lesson 3: Cosine Law
1. Determine the missing side lengths:

2. Determine the missing angles:

x

x
Math 20-2: Trigonometry Practice

a b sin A sin B b2 + c2 − a 2
= = a 2 = b2 + c 2 − 2bc ( cos A) cos A =
sin A sin B a b 2bc

1. Sine and Cosine Law Puzzle – For each triangle, use either the Sine Law, or Cosine Law to find the indicated missing
side length. (6 marks)

Riddle: What has four wheels and flies? Write the letter corresponding to each answer in the spaces below.
Answer:
2. Given the diagram below, determine the length of the indicated sides j , and the measure of angles
J and L . Round answers to the nearest tenth. (3 marks)

j = ________________
J = ________________
L = ________________

3. Given the diagram below, determine the length of x , rounded to the nearest tenth. (2 marks)

x = ________________

4. Given the diagram below, determine the length of side x , rounded to the nearest tenth. (2 marks)

x = ________________

5. Triangle ABC has side lengths a = 15 cm, b = 11 cm, and c = 19 cm.

i) Draw and label the triangle. (1 mark)
ii) Find the measures of all of the angles in the triangle, rounded to the nearest degree. (3 marks)

A = __________ B = __________ C = __________

 Lesson 4 – Applications
1. Brandon is walking down 9th Avenue and stops and looks up to the top of the Calgary tower with an angle of
elevation of 27  . He walks 100m closer to the tower and recalculates the angle of elevation to the top to be 72  .
How tall is the Calgary tower, to one decimal place?

27  72 
100m
2. Three Alberta towns are situated such that they form a triangle. The distance between Medicine Hat and Brooks is
118 km. The distance between Brooks and Taber is 100 km. The distance between Medicine Hat and Taber is 114
km. Find the smallest angle among the highways, to the nearest degree.

3. A radar operator on a ship discovers a large sunken vessel lying parallel to the ocean surface, 150 m directly below
the ship. The length of the vessel is a clue to which wreck has been found. The radar operator measures the angles of
depression to the front and back of the sunken vessel to be 52o and 70o. How long, to the nearest tenth of a metre, is
the sunken vessel?

4. A hot air balloon is flying above a stadium. Maria is standing due north of the stadium and can see the balloon at an
angle of inclination of 64 degrees. Roy is south of the stadium and can see the balloon at an angle of inclination of 49
degrees. The horizontal distance between Maria and Roy is 500 m. Determine the distance that the hot air balloon is
from Maria.

5. A boy wants to climb a tree. He stands on one side of the tree and measures the angle of elevation to the top of the
tree to be 70  . He then walks 10 m to the other side of the tree and measures the angle of elevation to be 45  .
Calculate the height of the tree, to one decimal place.

70  45 
10 m
Unit 3: Lesson 1 – Mixed and Entire Radicals
1. Express each radical as an entire radical.

a. 4√5 b. 7√3 c. 5√5

3 3 3
d. 2√4 e. −2√3 f. −4√2

2. Express each radical as a mixed radical in simplest form.

a. √80 b. √245 c. 3√150

3 3 3
d. √108 e. 2√−40 f. √128

3. Simplify the following.

a. √2 + 3√2 − 5√2 b. 6√5 + 7√5 − 10√5 + √5

 c. 5√3 + 4√2 − 3√3 + √2 d. 2√7 − 3√6 − 5√7 + 3√6

e. √8 + 3√18 f. 2√40 − 5√48 + 3√90 + √75

3 3 3
g. √54 + 3√16 − 2 √128 h. √100 − 3√20 − 4√16 + 6√45

4. Which number is not expressed in the simplest form?

a.
b.
c.
d.
5. Which choice expresses each of these numbers in simplest form?

, , ,

a. , , ,
b.
, 7, 36,
c. , 7, ,
d. 4.5, 7, 36, 13.4

6. Which choice expresses these numbers as mixed radicals?

, , ,

a.
3 ,2 ,5 ,9
b. 13 , 17 , 19 ,6
c. 9 ,4 , 25 , 81
d. 10.8, 8.2, 21.8, 12.7

Lesson 2: Multiplying Radicals

1. Write each expression in simplest form.

a. √3 × √7 b. 2√5 × 3√6

c. √12 × √20 d. 6√10 × 2√10

2. Expand each expression and simplify.

a. 3(√5 + √6) b. 2√3(√18 + 5√2)

c. √6(2√2 − √7) d. (√2 + 8)(2√5 − 3)

2
e. (2√3 − √6)

Lesson 3: Dividing Radicals

1. Which expression is the rationalized form of

a. c.

b. d.
1. Simplify each expression.

√8 12√120
a. b.
√2 4√40

2√42 −12√50
c. − d.
√7 8√10

2. Rationalize the following expressions.

1 3 √2
a. b.
√3 √5

7 4√10
c. d.
2√6 3√5

3. Simplify each expression.

√3+√5 √18−3√3
a. b.
√2 √5
 4√12−5√6 √80+2√3
c. d.
√3 3√5

4. Determine the width of each rectangle.

𝑙 = 3√2 𝑚
a. b.

𝐴 = 24√3 𝑚2 𝑤 =? 𝐴 = 6√5 𝑚2 𝑤 =?

𝑙 = 4√6 𝑚

Lesson 4: Simplifying Radicals

1. State any restrictions on the variable in each expression.

a. 4√𝑥 5 b. √𝑥 − 3

c. 2√𝑥 6 d. √2𝑥 + 5

2. Simplify each expression. State any restrictions.

a. √20𝑥 9 b. 2√45𝑥 4
 3
c. −3√8𝑥 3 d. √𝑥 11

e. 15√2𝑥 − 7√2𝑥 + √2𝑥 f. √40𝑥 + 2√10𝑥

18√𝑥 2
g. (6√𝑥)(3√2𝑥 3 ) h.
−6√𝑥

1. √125̅̅̅̅
3
𝑚5 j. √80𝑥 5
Lesson 5: Solving Radical Equations
1. Solve each equation.

a. 12√𝑥 = 48 b. √6𝑥 = 12

c. √𝑥 + 2 = −3 d. √4𝑥 − 6 = 13

e. 3√2𝑥 + 1 = 30 f. 2√3𝑥 − 1 + 5 = 25

2. A space station needs to rotate a certain number of times each minute to create the effect of gravity. Otherwise, the
crew is weightless. A formula for determining the number of times a station needs to rotate to reproduce Earth’s
gravity is:

42 5
𝑁= √ , where 𝑁 is the number of revolutions per minute and 𝑟 is the radius of the station, in metres.
𝜋 𝑟

Suppose a station rotates 5.6 times per minute. Determine the radius of the space station.
Math 20-2 Radicals Review

2. Simplify the expression 3. Simplify the expression 4. Simplify the expression

i) 45 − 5 = 2 5 − 2 8 − 15 8 + 8 + 20 8
( ) 7 3 + 48 − 108
2
7 +3

ii) 6  12 = 6 2

80
iii) =2 5
4 6. Simplify the expression
5. Simplify the expression 7. Rationalize the expression
300 m8 n11 into a mixed 5
5 2 x  8 12 x
2 5

iv) 3
24 x = 2 x
7 3 3
6x radical. 10x
1. Which statement is
false?
8. Rationalize and fully 10. Simplify 11. Determine the restriction
9. Write 1134x8 y15 as a
( )
4
6+ 3 2 8 +7 2 −4 5 on x for 6 x + 5 9 x − 24
simplify mixed radical
15

12. Find x 13. Solve for x in the equation 14. Solve for x in the equation
15. Write 4 x 3 11 x 4 as an
4 + 3 3x − 7 = 6 . 3 4 x − 28 = 18 . State the entire radical
restriction.

16. Multiply and simplify 17. Simplify the expression 18. Rationalize the 19. The velocity, V , of a projectile can

(7 8 + 11 )( 8 − 11 ) 21 150 x y 5 8 expression be determined by the function

A− B D
7 2 x3 y V= , where D is the
B 0.03
horizontal distance in metres travelled
by the projectile. The velocity of a
projectile is measured at 24
metres/second. Determine the
distance.
Unit 4: Lesson 1 – Interpreting Rates

1. Complete the following rate conversions:

3250 cm = ____________________m 0.82 km = ________________________m

15 m = _______________________km 32.665 m = ______________________cm

25kL = ________________________ L 723 mL = _________________________ L

4.6 kg = _______________________oz 1400 g = _________________________lb

2. If it costs $3.24 for 3 pounds of oranges, what will it cost for 5 pounds?

3. If it costs $7.56 for 2.4 kg of green grapes, what will it cost for 1.0kg of green grapes?

4. Mark is shopping for some protein powder. His local health store is selling a 1.5kg container for $78. Mark looks in
Costco and it costs $147.50 for 2.5kg. What is the better deal?

Lesson 2: Solving Problems Using Rates

1. Samreen plans to travel to Australia. What Canadian dollar amount will she need to convert if she wants to travel
with $1500 Australian dollars in traveler’s cheques? ($1.00 Canadian = $1.1094 Australian)

2. Kyle is planning a trip to Amsterdam. He budgets that he will need $2160 Canadian dollars. If the exchange rate is
$1.00CND=0.6828 Euros, how many Euros will he have?

3. If you were traveling in a car moving at a constant velocity of 44km/h for 50 minutes, how many kilometers would
you have travelled?

Lesson 3: Scale Diagrams

1. Jasmine is making a kite from a 2:25 scale diagram. The area of the drawing is 20 cm2 . How much fabric will she
need for the real kite?

2. Which scale factor(s) will produce an image that is smaller than the original?
I. 37% II. 4/12 III. 9.6
a) I only
b) I and II only
c) II and III only
d) All three
3. A billboard is 5.0 m by 2.5 m. A scale diagram of the billboard must fit in a space that is 15 cm by 7.5 cm. Which scale
was used for the scale diagram?

4. Determine the scale factor used in the images below

Lesson 4/5 – Scale Factor of 2D and 3D Shapes

1. The radius of a circle with an area of 8 cm2 will be enlarged by a scale factor of 4. Determine the area of the enlarged
circle.

2. The base and height of a triangle with an area of 80 cm2 will be reduced by a scale factor of 5/8. Determine the area
of the reduced triangle to two decimal places.

3. Abby’s backyard pool has a volume of 12 m3. Determine the volume of a pool that is similar in shape by is scaled
smaller by k=2/3
Math 20-2 Proportional Reasoning Review Questions

1. An 8 kg bag of potatoes 2. It takes 7.5 hours to fill a 3. A 454 g block of butter 4. The dosage of an antibiotic 5. One way signs have a
costs $9.15. What is the unit 6000 L ornamental pond. costs $4.37. What is the price medicine for a person with a standard width of 90 cm. Use
rate? What is the rate in litres per for 100 g? mass of 90 kg is 12 mL. the scale diagram of the one
minute? Determine the amount of way sign below to determine
medicine, in millilitres, the scale factor that was used
needed for a person with a to draw it.
mass of 65 kg?

6. A 25:1 scale model of a 7. Cylinder A has a radius of 5 8. Determine the number of 9. It costs $0.3172/lb to ship 10. Determine the unit rate
garbage truck is 0.5 feet tall, mm and a height of 30 mm. kilometers that is in 64 miles. freight by barge along the and find the lower rate.
0.32 feet wide and 1.4 feet Cylinder B has a radius of 20 Round the answer to the Pacific coast. Determine the Frozen hams:
long. What are the mm and a height of 120 mm. nearest tenth. cost, in dollars, to ship 2470 $2.58/kg or $0.226/100g
dimensions of the actual How many times larger is the kg of building supplies from
garbage truck? volume of cylinder B greater Vancouver to Prince Rupert?
than the volume of cylinder Round the answer to the
A? nearest dollar.
Lesson 6: Counting Methods
1. Holly is deciding what to wear to school. She has narrowed her choices down to 3 t-shirts, 4 pants, and 2 pairs of
shoes. How many possible different outfits can she make?

2. A math test consists of 6 multiple choice questions. Each question has four choices, A, B, C, or D. Determine how
many different sets of answers are possible.

3. A number such as “5427” is a 4-digit number and a number such as “0239” is a 3-digit number.
a. How many possible 4-digit numbers are there?

b. How many odd 4-digit numbers are there?

c. How many 4-digit numbers have no repeating digits?

4. How many different computer passwords are possible if you have 3 digits followed by 4 letters? (digits and letters can
be repeated)

5. A men’s department store sells 3 different suit jackets, 6 different shirts, 8 different ties, and 4 different pairs of
pants. How many different outfits are possible?

6. A baseball manager is determining the batting order for the team. The team has 9 players, but the manager
definitely wants the pitcher to bat last. How many batting orders are possible?

7. How many eight-digit numbers can be formed if the leading digit cannot be a zero and the last number can’t be a 1?

8. How many 4-digit odd numbers can be formed if no digit can be repeated?

9. The standard configuration for an Alaska license plate is 3 letters followed by 3 digits. How many different license
plates are possible if letters and digits can be repeated?

10. A single die is rolled. How many ways can you roll a number less than 3, then an even, then an odd?

11. A single die is rolled. How many ways can you roll a number that is prime, followed by a 6?
Lesson 7: Inductive Reasoning
1. Solve the puzzle

2. Sadie, Tristan, Ursala and Tawfik all live on the same street. One is a firefighter, one is a doctor, one is a lawyer and
one is a travel agent.
• Tawfik and Ursala each lunch with the lawyer.

• Sadie and Tristan carpool with the firefighter.

• Ursala watches tennis on television with the firefighter and the lawyer.

Who is the firefighter?

3. Consider the following:

10 + 01 = 11 24 + 42 = 66 21 + 12 = 33
13 + 31 = 44 35 + 53 = 88 72 + 27 = 99

a. Create a conjecture based on the above pattern.

b. Give two more examples that support your conjecture.

4. Show that each statement is false by finding a counterexample.

a. If you live in Alberta, you live in a province that shares borders only with other Canadian provinces.

b. Any animal that has wings can fly.

c. All animals that live in the water are fish.

d. If a quadrilateral has four right angles, then it is a square.

e. The sum of two prime numbers is an even number.

Lesson 8: Deductive Reasoning
1. Prove that the following number game always gives you the original number.
• Choose a number
• Double it
• Subtract 3
• Add the original number
• Divide by 3
• Add 1

2. Prove that the following number game always gives an answer of 4.

• Choose a number
• Double it
• Add 5
• Add the original number
• Add 7
• Divide by 3
• Subtract the original number.

3. Write a statement that can be deduced from the given statements.

a. Every Saturday, Ahmed works at a restaurant. Today is Friday.

b. Jett lives in Winnipeg. Winnipeg is in Manitoba.

4. Prove deductively that the sum of any two odd numbers and an even number is an even number.

5. Prove deductively that the sum of 4 consecutive numbers is not divisible by 4.

Lesson 9: Logical Puzzles

1. Complete the following Ken Ken puzzles:
2. Complete the following STRIMKO puzzles:

3. Find the value of each shape:

4. Use the clues and grid to solve the puzzle

Five friends went to the pie shop, and each person ordered a different slice of pie. What kind of pie did each person
order?

• Colin ordered pie that starts with the same letter as his name.
• Seth and Marcy do not like coconut.
• Jordan did not order cherry pie.
• Marcy, Amy, and Jordan do not like Lemons.
• The person who ordered pumpkin pie has an N in their name.
• Marcy did not order apple pie.

Lemon Coconut Pumpkin Apple Cherry

Jordan
Marcy
Seth
Colin
Amy
1. Which conjecture, if any, could 2. Randolph made the following 3. All cats are 4. Which of the 5. Which of the
you make about the sum of two conjecture. The sum of a multiple mammals. All mammals following choices, if following choices, if
even integers of 4 and a multiple of 8 must be a are warm-blooded. any, uses inductive
multiple of 2. Which choice, if any, uses inductive
and one odd integer? Tashi is a cat. reasoning to show reasoning to show that
either, is a counterexample to this
What can be deduced an odd number and
conjecture? that the sum of three
a. The sum will be an odd 1. 4 + 8 = 12 about Tashi? an even number sum
integer.
even integers is even? to an odd number?
2. 8 + 8 = 16
b. The sum will be an even a. Choice 2 only 1. Tashi is warm- a 2x + 2y + 2z = a 3 + 6 = 9 and 4
integer. b. Choice 1 and Choice 2 blooded. . 2(x + y + z) . +5=9
c. The sum will be negative. c. Choice 1 only 2. Tashi is a mammal. b 2 + 4 + 6 = 12 b 2x + 2y + 1 = 2(x
d. It is not possible to make
d. Neither Choice 1 nor a. Choice 1 and . and 4 + 6 + 8 = . + y + 1)
Choice 2
a conjecture. Choice 2 18 c (2x + 1) + 2y =
b. Neither Choice nor c x + y + z = 2(x + . 2(x + y) + 1
Choice 2 . y + z) d None of the
c. Choice 1 only d None of the . above choices
d. Choice 2 only
. above choices
6. Determine the unknown 7. Determine the unknown 8. Xavier claims that 9. Try the following 10. The squares of
term in this pattern. term in this pattern. whenever you add calculator trick with two odd integers are
an even integer to different numbers. added together.
2, 6, 18, 54, ____, 486, 1458 17, 14, ____, 8, 5, 2, –1 the square of an Make a conjecture Develop a
even integer, the about the trick. conjecture about
a. 108 a. 14 result is an even whether the sum is
b. 162 b. 11 number. Is his • Start with your age. odd or even.
c. 216 c. 13 conjecture • Multiply it by 3. Provide evidence to
d. 196 d. 12 reasonable? • Multiply it by 7. support your
• Multiply it by 37. conjecture.
• Multiply it by 13.

11. 12. All birds have backbones. 13. Prove the number
Which number should appear in the centre of Figure 4? Birds are the only animals trick below using
that have feathers. Rosie is inductive reasoning
not a bird. What can be
and deductive
deduced about Rosie?
reasoning.
1. Rosie has a backbone.
2. Rosie does not have • Start with your age.
feathers. • Multiply it by 3.
a. Neither Choice 1 nor • Multiply it by 7.
Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Choice 2 • Multiply it by 37.
b. Choice 1 only • Multiply it by 13
c. Choice 1 and Choice
2
d. Choice 2 only
Unit 5: Quadratic Functions Lesson 1: Exploring Quadratic Functions
1. Determine the vertex, axis of symmetry and intercepts for the graphs below:

2. Determine the direction of opening, domain and range for the following quadratics:
a. 𝑦 = −(𝑥 − 3)2 + 1 b. 𝑦 = 2(𝑥 + 5)2 − 7
 Exploring Quadratic Functions Practice

For each of the following quadratic functions, use your graphing calculator to graph the function
and determine each of the following pieces of information.

Vertex: y-intercept: Axis of Symmetry: Range:

Max or Min: x-intercept(s) Domain:

1. 𝑦 = −𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5
1
Vertex: 4. 𝑦 = − 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥
2

Max or Min:
Vertex:
y-intercept:
Max or Min:
x-intercept(s):
y-intercept:
Axis of symmetry:
x-intercept(s):
Domain:
Axis of symmetry:
Range:
Domain:
Range:
2. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9
1
5. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 9
Vertex: 3

Max or Min:
Vertex:
y-intercept:
Max or Min:
x-intercept(s):
y-intercept:
Axis of symmetry:
x-intercept(s):
Domain:
Axis of symmetry:
Range:
Domain:
Range:

3. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 9

Vertex: 6. 𝑦 = −3𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 5

Max or Min:
Vertex:
y-intercept:
Max or Min:
x-intercept(s):
y-intercept:
Axis of symmetry:
x-intercept(s):
Domain:
Axis of symmetry:
Range:
Domain:
Range:
Lesson 2: Graphing Quadratic Functions
1. Use graphing technology to graph each function. Choose appropriate axis scales. Determine the equation of the axis
of symmetry and the coordinates of the vertex for each parabola.
a. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9 1
b. 𝑓(𝑥) = − 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3
2

2. The points (−1,12) and (7,12) lie on a parabola. What is the equation of its axis of symmetry?

3. A cliff has been eroded into an arch in the shape of a parabola. The heigh, y, of the arch, in meters, above the water
can be modelled by the function 𝑦 = 2.5𝑥 2 − 30𝑥 − 67.5, where x is the horizontal distance, in meters, from the
cliffs edge.
a. Determine the maximum height of the arch.

b. Determine the width of the arch where it meets the water.

c. State the domain and range of the function.

4. Rewrite the quadratic functions in standard form. Determine which direction the parabola opens and identify the y-
intercept.
a. 𝑦 = 8 − 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥
c. 𝑦 = (4𝑥 − 3)(2𝑥 + 1)

b. 𝑦 = (3𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 4)
d. 𝑦 = −3(𝑥 − 2)2 + 6
Lesson 3: Factored Form
Math 20-2 Factoring Practice (Always look for a GCF first!)
Quadratic Equations: 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎
Example 1: Example 2: Practice Problems:
𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 10 = 0 2𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 6 = 0 1. 𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 32 = 0
2. 𝑥 2 + 20𝑥 + 100 = 0
3. 𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 + 24 = 0
4. 2𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 12 = 0
5. 3𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 − 36 = 0
6. 𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 20 = 0
7. 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3 = 0
8. 2𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 10 = 0
9. 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 9 = 0
10. 2𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 4 = 0
Answers:

Quadratic Equations: 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎

Example 1: Example 2: Practice Problems:
2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 2 = 0 6𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 6 = 0 1. 2𝑥 2 − 1𝑥 − 6 = 0
2. 8𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 24 = 0
3. 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 24 = 0
4. 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8 = 0
5. 18𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 5 = 0
6. 4𝑥 2 + 26𝑥 − 48 = 0
7. 2𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 18 = 0
8. 16𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 1 = 0
9. −4𝑥 2 + 19𝑥 − 21 = 0
10. 8𝑥 2 − 44𝑥 + 48 = 0
Answers:

Quadratic Equations: Difference of squares 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 = (𝒂 − 𝒃)(𝒂 + 𝒃)

Example 1: Example 2: Practice Problems:
16𝑥 2 = 9 50𝑥 2 − 72 = 0 1. 𝑥 2 − 100 = 0
2. 121𝑥 2 = 144
3. 32𝑥 2 − 18 = 0
4. 45𝑥 2 − 20 = 0
5. 3𝑥 2 − 48 = 0
6. 36𝑥 2 = 49
7. 16𝑥 2 − 36 = 0
8. 100𝑥 2 = 36
9. 36𝑥 2 − 9 = 0
10. 81 − 𝑥 2 = 0
Answers:
1. Determine the roots of the quadratic:
a. 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 7)(𝑥 − 2) b. 𝑦 = (2𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 3)

c. 𝑦 = 𝑥(3𝑥 − 1)

2. Determine the roots of the quadratic by factoring.

a. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 4 b. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 8

3. Use the quadratic function 𝑓(𝑥) = −2(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 5) to answer the following questions.
a. State the coordinates of the x -intercepts.

b. Determine the equation of this function in standard form.

c. Identify the coordinates of the y-intercept. Explain how this point can also be determined by looking at
the factored form of the equation.

d. Use the factored form to algebraically determine the coordinate of the vertex.

e. State the range of this quadratic function.

4. Write the quadratic function for a parabola that has 𝑥 −intercepts of −3 and 8 and goes through the point (2, −72).

5. Write the quadratic function for a parabola that has 𝑥 −intercepts of −2 and 4 and a 𝑦 −intercept of −8.

Lesson 4: Vertex Form

1. Complete the table below.

Parabola opens up or
Function Vertex
down?

𝑦 = 𝑥2

𝑦 = 3(𝑥 − 4)2

1
𝑦 = − (𝑥 + 3)2
2

3
𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1)2 + 6
2

𝑦 = −4(𝑥 + 2)2 − 3

𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘

2. Match the parabola to it’s equation.

 Graph 2 Graph 3
Graph 1

Graph 4 Graph 5 Graph 6

Graph 7 Graph 8 Graph 9

Graph 10 Graph 11 Graph 12

2
A. 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 4)2 − 5
1
B. 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 4)2 − 5 C. 𝑦 = −(𝑥 + 5)2 − 2
5 3

D. 𝑦 = −3(𝑥 + 5)2 + 2 E. 𝑦 = −𝑥 2 F. 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 3)2

G. 𝑦 = 5𝑥 2 − 4 H. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 5 I. 𝑦 = −2(𝑥 + 2)2 + 3
7
J. 𝑦 = 4 (𝑥 − 1)2 − 3
5
K. 𝑦 = 4 (𝑥 + 1)2 − 3 L. 𝑦 = −0.2(𝑥 − 2)2 + 4
 1
3. Sketch the graph of 𝑦 = 3(𝑥 − 1)2 − 2 𝑦 = − (𝑥 + 2)2 + 6.
2

4. Determine the quadratic function in vertex form for a parabola with vertex at (−5, −2) and passes through
(−2, −20).

5. The vertex of a parabola is (2,1) and passes through the point (0,-3). Determine the equation in vertex form.

6. Convert the equation to standard form

𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2)2 − 5
7. Write the equation of the parabola in all 3 forms

Vertex Form

Factored Form

Standard Form

Lesson 5: Minimum and Maximum Applications

1. A skier’s jump is recorded frame by frame by his coach. The height above the ground, h, in meters at time t
seconds is given by ℎ = −4.9𝑡 2 + 15𝑡 + 1. The next day, the skier increased his speed and a new equation
to model his height was ℎ = −4.9𝑡 2 + 20𝑡 + 1. To the nearest tenth, how much longer did the skier go on
the second day compared to the first day?

2. A football kicker punts the ball so that the height of the ball, h meters, above the ground after t seconds is
given by ℎ(𝑡) = −5𝑡 2 + 22𝑡 + 1. To the nearest tenth, after how many seconds does the football reach the
maximum height?

3. A dolphin’s height, h meters, when jumping into the ocean can be modelled by the equation ℎ =
−0.65𝑡 2 + 3𝑡 where t is the time in seconds. When does the dolphin first reach a height of 3 meters?

4. On a forward somersault dive, Greg’s height ℎ meters above the water is given approximately by ℎ =
−5𝑡 2 + 6𝑡 + 3, where 𝑡 is the time in seconds after he leaves the board.
a. Find Greg’s maximum height above the water.

b. How long does it take him to reach the maximum height?

c. How long is it before he enters the water?

d. How high is the board above the ground?

5. Supermarket cashiers are required to memorize PLU codes for fruits and vegetables. A survey showed
that, on average, the percent 𝑃 of codes memorized after 𝑡 hours is given approximately by the
function 𝑃 = −40(𝑡 − 1.5)2 + 90.
a. What is the greatest percent of codes memorized?

b. How long does it take to memorize them?

Unit 6: Lesson 1: Solving Quadratics by Graphing

1. Solve the following quadratic equations by graphing.

a. 2𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 3 = 0 b. 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 6 = 0

c. 6𝑥 2 − 36𝑥 = 0 d. 7 + 5𝑥 − 18𝑥 2 = 0

1
e. 0.5𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 2 = 0 f. 𝑥 + 6 = 3 − 2𝑥 2
5
 g. 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 8 = −2𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 1 h. 3𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 17 = −4(𝑥 − 2)2 + 5

2. Determine whether the given root is a solution to the quadratic equation.

a. 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 10 = 0 b. 6𝑥 2 + 23𝑥 = −20
𝑥=2 𝑥 = −3

3. Determine the roots of the quadratic equation represented in the following graph.

4. A bridge is supported by three arches. The function that describes the arches is h(x) = –0.2x2 + 3.0x, where
h(x) is the height, in metres, of the arch above the ground at any distance, x, in metres, from one end of the
bridge. How tall is each arch?
Lesson 2: Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring
a. Determine the solutions to the following quadratic equations.

a. 2(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 7) = 0 c. (2𝑥 − 1)(3𝑥 + 7) = 0

b. −3𝑥(𝑥 + 17) = 0 d. 𝑥(4𝑥 − 1) = 0

b. Solve the following quadratic equations by factoring.

a. x 2 + 13x + 30 = 0 f. 14 x 3 − 8 x 2 = 0

b. x 2 − 11x + 30 = 0 g. 3x 2 − 3x − 60 = 0

c. 4 x 2 − 36 = 0
h. 3 x − 9 x = 0
2

d. 9 x 2 − 16 = 0 i. 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 − 20

e. 2 x 2 − 4 x − 30 = 0 j. 𝑝2 − 16𝑝 − 36
 k. 𝑚2 + 6𝑚 + 8 m. 4𝑥 2 − 28𝑥 − 32

l. 𝑚2 + 15𝑚 + 44

Lesson 3: The Quadratic Formula

−𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
1. A student was solving using the quadratic formula but didn’t complete the answers. Correctly
finish solving the following for them.
6±√16 −8±√80
a) 𝑥= b. 𝑥=
2 4

3±√45 9±√28
c. 𝑥= d. 𝑥=
6 4

16±√0 −4±√−32
e. 𝑥= f. 𝑥=
4 2
 2. Solve each quadratic equation using the quadratic formula. Leave your answer in exact values but
simplify it as much as possible.
a. 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 4 = 0 b. 𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 17 = 0

c. 4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1 = 0 d. 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3 = 0

e. 3𝑥 2 = 4𝑥 + 1 f. 4𝑥 2 − 1 = −7𝑥

g. 2𝑥(𝑥 − 3) = 4(𝑥 − 3) + 1 h. 12𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 = −25

3. What does it mean if the number under the square root sign is negative?
 Lesson 4: Solving Quadratics
1. The width of a rectangular pool is 3 m less than the length. Algebraically determine the exact value of the
dimensions of the pool if the area is 49m2.

2. The area of a rectangular sheet of paper is 300 cm2. The length is 5 cm more than the width. Write and solve a
quadratic equation to determine the length and width of the rectangle.

x+5

x
3. Ian has been hired to lay a path of uniform width around a rectangular play area, using crushed rock. He has enough
crushed rock to cover 145 m2. If Ian uses all the crushed rock, how wide will the path be?

x
24m

Play area 18m

4. An integer is two greater than twice another integer. If the product of the two integers is 24, determine the integers.

5. A picture frame has a total area of 801.15 cm3. If the length is 8.2 cm longer than the width, what are the dimensions
of the frame?
 Unit 7: Lesson 1 – Measuring Data
1. A student has exam scores of: 50, 55, 80, 80, 90, 65, 75. Determine the mean, median, mode, and range of the exam
scores.

2. A student has exam scores of: 60, 64, 66, 70 and 72. Determine the mean, median, mode and range of the exam
scores.

3. Thirty students wrote a quiz. Determine the mean, median and mode.

4. Dani works for her mom in a bakery. The times she spends after school at the bakery, in hours, over one month are
shown below.

2.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 1.0 5.0

1.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 5.0 6.0

1.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 4.0 2.0

3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 5.0

3.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 6.0

 a. Complete the frequency table for that data.

Time (h) Frequency

1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0

b. Create a histogram of the data.

Lesson 2: Standard Deviation

1. The following table represents test scores

a. What is the mean and standard deviation, rounded to the nearest tenth?

b. If all the marks are increased by 5, what is the new mean and standard deviation?
2. Determine the standard deviation for the 227g Bag and the 454g Bag as shown in the tables below

3. Three groups of students recorded the number of books read for a literary fundraiser.
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3
10, 12, 10, 9, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15 12, 8, 10, 11, 12, 9, 9, 8, 10 11, 13, 12, 10, 7, 9, 9, 9, 12

a. Determine the mean and standard deviation of each group, to the nearest tenth.

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3

𝜇 = ___________ 𝜇 = ___________ 𝜇 = ___________

𝜎 = ____________ 𝜎 = ____________ 𝜎 = ____________

b. Which group performed best? Explain how you decided.

4. Brendan and Jordan pick bushels of apples. The table shows how many bushels they each picked each hour.

Brendan 5 6 6 5 7 6 5

Jordan 6 7 8 4 5 5 6

a. Which person picks more bushels of apples per hour?

b. Who is more consistent? Explain your answer.

5. A peach orchard has 38 trees with these heights, given in metres.

1.8 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.5 2.7 1.6 1.7 1.5 2.0 2.1 1.8 1.5
2.3 2.2 2.1 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.3 2.4 1.9 1.8 3.1 2.4
3.3 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.3 3.0 2.4 2.7 2.4 2.6 3.0

a. Complete the frequency table to organize the data.

Height 1.1 – 1.3 1.4 – 1.6 1.7 – 1.9 3.2 – 3.4
(m)

Frequency

b. Create a histogram to represent the data.

c. Calculate the mean, median, mode and standard deviation for the above data using your calculator?
Lesson 3: Normal Distribution

1. The marks on a math test had a mean of 62 and a standard deviation of 3. Bob scored 71 on the test.
a. Sketch a normal curve to display the showing 5 standard deviations above and below the mean.

b. Determine the number of standard deviations that Bob’s mark is from the mean.

2. The mean of a set of data is 53 with a standard deviation of 7.

a. shade the data set b. shade the data set less than
between 46 and 60. or equal to 81

c. Shade the data set greater than d. shade the data set between
or equal to 46. 40 and 68.

3. The marks on an English test had a mean of 70 and a standard deviation of 3. The marks on the 2nd English test had a
mean of 72 and a standard deviation of 4.
a. Which set of marks is more widely dispersed?

b. Joe received 78% on both tests. Sketch both normal curves to display the data.
 c. Determine the number of standard deviations that Joe’s mark is from the mean on each test. Which appears
to be the better mark?

4. The hours students spend on their cell phones per day are normally distributed with a mean of 6 hours and a standard
deviation of 0.5 hours. What percentage of students fall within the given hours spend on their cell phones? Draw the
curve to show the solutions.

a. Between 5 and 7 hours.

b. Between 4.5 and 5 hours.

c. More than 7 hours.

d. Less than 4 hours.

5. In a dog obedience class, the masses of the 80 dogs enrolled were normally distributed with a mean of 10.3 kg and a
standard deviation of 2.6 kg. How many dogs would you expect to fall within each range of masses?

a. between 5.1 kg and 12.9 kg

b. greater than or equal to 15.5 kg

6. The ages of participants in a bonspiel are normally distributed, with a mean of 40 and a standard deviation of 10 years.
Sketch the normal curve. What percent of the curlers are between 30 and 50?
7. The ages of members in a hiking club are normally distributed, with a mean of 32 and a standard deviation of 6 years.
Sketch the normal curve. What percent of the members are between 20 and 32?

Lesson 4: Z Scores

1. Determine the z-score of the following: (to 2 decimal places)

a.  = 200,  = 25.4, x = 250 b.  = 18,  = 2.2, x = 17

c.  = 75,  = 15.2, x = 34 d.  = 350,  = 35.5, x = 50

2. If test scores are normally distributed with a mean of 68 and standard deviation of 6 marks, how many units of
standard deviation above the mean (z-score) is a score of 80? (to 2 decimal places)

3. Gasoline prices in a certain city are normally distributed with a mean of $0.78/L and a standard deviation of $0.03/L.
If a gas station sells gasoline for $0.73/L, what is the corresponding z-score? (to 2 decimal places)
4. Chris is considering a career in business, because he does well in accounting. He also does well in chemistry and has
thought of becoming an engineer. The marks for both these subjects in all classes at his school are normally
distributed.
Test Results Chris’s Marks
Subject (%) (%)
 
Accounting 75 5.2 90

Chemistry 78 6.1 92

a. Determine Chris’ z-scores for both accounting and for chemistry.

b. Which subject is Chris better in, relative to his peers? Explain.

5. Determine the value of x given the following: (to the nearest whole number)
a.  = 60,  = 10.2, z = 2.0 b.  = 195,  = 25.2, z = −1.8

c.  = 20,  = 3, z = 0.35 d.  = 300,  = 35, z = −4

6. The mean height of the girls in a grade 6 class is 150cm, and the standard deviation is 5 cm. Determine the height (
x ) that is -0.80 units of standard deviation below the mean.
7. Dwayne received a mark of 61 on his latest math test. The class mean was 56 and the standard deviation was 10. If
his teacher decided to adjust the marks by raising the mean to 60 and changing the standard deviation to 12, what is
Dwayne’s new score to the nearest tenth?
(the z-score does not change)

8. Determine the z-score intervals which represent the area or percent given. Given the mean of 0 and a standard
deviation of 1.
Hint: invNorm(area to the left, mean, standard deviation)
a. 30.25%
b. 18.97%

9. For a specific computer company, they determined that the average life of their computers is 5.4 years, and the
standard deviation is 0.75 years. The company does not want to replace any computers under warranty, more than
10% of its computers sold. How long should the company guarantee their computers for, to the nearest year?

10. The volume of the contents of a soft drink can is normally distributed about a mean of 353 mL, with a standard
deviation of 1.5 mL.
a. Calculate the z-score for a can with a content volume of 355 mL.

b. If cans containing 349 mL or less must be rejected, how many cans will be expected to be rejected in a
production run of 35 000?
Lesson 5: Confidence Intervals
1. A poll taken by doctors states that 65% of patients take vitamins every day. The results of the poll are accurate
within 5.5% points, 57 times out of 60.

a. State the Margin of Error.

b. State the Confidence Interval.

c. Describe the confidence level.

d. If all 150 people in a food court were asked if they take vitamins, determine the range of the mean number of
people who would say yes.

2. A car company advertises that 85% of their customers said they would purchase a second car from them. The results
of the poll are accurate within 3.9%, 18 times out of 20. If 50 people who have recently purchased a car from this
company were asked if they would purchase their second car from them, determine the range of the mean number
of car owners who would.

3. Forest companies bid on large tract of land in the Prince George forest district. A random sample of trees yield a
mean diameter of 48 cm and a range of mean diameter of 46.5 cm to 49.5 cm, 45 out of 50 times.
a. Determine the confidence interval for the mean diameter of the trees.

b. What is the confidence level?

4. A study of English teachers found the average time spent marking a term paper was 15.2 minutes with a margin of
error of 0.3 min. Determine the range of the 94% confidence interval of the mean time for all term papers.
5. A poll was conducted about an upcoming election. The result that 54% of people intend to vote for one of the
candidates is considered accurate within ± 7.1 percent points, 19 times out of 20. State the confidence interval.

6. In a recent survey of high school students, one third of those surveyed said they would vote for Melissa as student
council treasurer. The survey is considered accurate to within 5 percent points, 19 times out of 20. If a high school
has 1200 students, state the range of the number of votes Melissa should expect.

FINAL EXAM REVIEW

Properties of Parallel Lines Complementary Angles
- Two lines are parallel if they have the same slope. - If two angles or more angles are complementary, they
Parallel lines will never cross. will always add up to _______.

- A transversal cuts through two or more lines at

distinct points.
Supplementary Angles
- If two or more angles are supplementary, they will
always add up to _______.

- Interior angles are angles formed where the ____________________________________________

transversal intersects with two lines but lie inside the Ex. Determine the measures of the indicated angles in
lines. (𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒄, 𝒅) the diagram below.
- Exterior angles are angles formed where the
transversal intersects with two lines but lie outside the
lines. (𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒)
- Opposing angles are always equal to one another.

- Corresponding angles (“F-rule”) occur when one

exterior angle or one interior angle that are non-adjacent
are on the same side of a transversal. ____________________________________________
Properties of Triangles
- The sum of the interior angles in a triangle is _______.
Ex. Determine the measures of the indicated angles in
the following diagram.

- Alternate angles (“Z-rule”) occur when two non-

adjacent angles are on opposite sides of a transversal.
- An ISOSCELES triangle has two sides of equal length. Ex. Determine the value of “x” in the polygon below.
Therefore, it has two equal angles.

- An EQUILATERAL triangle has three sides of equal

length. Therefore, all of its angles are equal.

________________________________________________
Congruency and Proofs
- There are three ways to prove that two triangles are
congruent (the same).
____________________________________________ - Rule 1: Side-Side-Side
Properties of Polygons
- The sum of the interior angles of an n-sided polygon
can be determined using the formula

180°(𝑛 − 2)

Ex. Determine the sum of the interior angles of the - Rule 2: Side-Angle-Side
polygon below.

- Rule 3: Angle-Side-Angle

- When all of the sides and angles are equal, we have a

regular polygon.
Ex. Prove ∠𝐴 = ∠𝐸 in the diagram below.
Primary Trigonometric Ratios The Pythagorean Theorem
- The sides of a right angle triangle are labeled as - In any right angle triangle ∆ABC,
follows:
𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 = 𝒄𝟐

- For the right angle triangle above, the corresponding

trigonometric ratios are:

Ex. Determine the length of the missing side.

- The trigonometric ratios can be remembered by using

the acronym SOH CAH TOA.
Ex. Determine the length of the indicated side.

____________________________________________
The Sine Law

Ex. Determine the measure of the missing angle.

- For non-right angled acute triangles, the Sine

Law, which relates the angle of a vertex and its opposite
side length, can be used to determine missing angle or
side measures.

𝒂 𝒃 𝒄
= =
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑩 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑪
Ex. Determine the measure of the missing angle . - The Cosine Law can also be rearranged to find the
measure of a missing angle.

Ex. Determine the length of side a in the triangle below.

Ex. In ABC, angle C = 40°, angle B = 48° and c = 5.8 cm.

Calculate b to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.

Ex. Determine the measure of A in ΔABC if a = 13.2 cm,

b = 9.8 cm, and c = 10.6 cm.
____________________________________________
The Cosine Law

- There are times when the Sine Law cannot be used to

determine a missing side or angle. In the case when the
length of two sides and the contained angle are
given, the Cosine Law can be used.

𝒂𝟐 = 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 − 𝟐𝒃𝒄(𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨)
Mixed and Entire Radicals Adding and Subtracting Radicals
- An entire radical always has a numerical coefficient of - Radicals that have the same radicand and index are
one. considered like radicals.
e.g. √39, √120, or √𝑥 2 e.g. 3√5 and 7√5 are like radicals.
- A mixed radical is a simplified form of an entire - When adding and subtracting radicals, combine only the
radical. like radicals by adding or subtracting the coefficients.
e.g. 3√2, 5√10, or 3√𝑥 6√3 + 2√3 = (6 + 2)√3 = 8√3
- When simplifying radicals, it is helpful to know the
perfect square numbers and perfect cube numbers. 5√7 − 2√7 = (5 − 2)√7 = 3√7
- You cannot add or subtract unlike radicals.
Perfect Squares Perfect Cubes
12 = 1 13 = 1 e.g. 2√2 and 4√5 cannot be combined.
22 = 4 23 = 8 Ex. Simplify the following expressions.
32 = 9 33 = 27 a) 4√11 + 6√5 − 7√11 + 3√5
42 = 16 43 = 64
52 = 25 53 = 125
62 = 36 63 = 216
72 = 49 73 = 343
82 = 64 83 = 512
b) √27 + √75 − √12
Ex. Simplify √80 (convert into a mixed radical). *Hint: Simplify each radical first.

3
Ex. Simplify √40.

___________________________________________
Multiplying Radicals
- When multiplying radicals, the product of two square
roots is equal to the square root of the product.
Ex. Convert 6√2 into an entire radical. e.g. √3 ∙ √2 = √3 ∙ 2 = √6
- When multiplying mixed radicals, multiply the
coefficient by coefficient and the radical by radical.
e.g. 4√3 ∙ 5√2 = (4 ∙ 5)√3 ∙ 2 = 20√6
Ex. Simplify (−3√18)(6√3).
3
Ex. Convert 4√14 into an entire radical.
 Ex. Simplify (6 + √6)(5 + √10). Simplifying Radicals
- When an algebraic expression involves radicals, it is
important to state any restrictions on the variable.
- For any radical, the radicand must be ≥ 0 because the
radicand cannot be a negative number.
Ex. State the restriction on 𝒙 for 3√4𝑥 − 8.

____________________________________________
Dividing Radicals
- When dividing radicals, the quotient of two square roots - When simplifying radical expressions with variables,
is equal to the square root of the quotient of the there is a relationship between the index of a radical and
radicands. the exponent of a variable.

√98 98 √𝑥 ∙ √𝑥 = √𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 = √𝑥 2 = 𝑥
e.g. =√ = √49 = 7 3
√𝑥 ∙ √𝑥 ∙ √𝑥 = √𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 = √𝑥 3 = 𝑥
√2 2
- The exponent cancels out the index of the radical!
- When dividing mixed radicals, divide coefficient by
coefficient and divide radical by radical. Ex. Simplify √64𝑥 5 .
4√18 4 18
e.g. = √ = 2 √6
2√3 2 3

−9√32
Ex. Simplify .
3√8

___________________________________________
Solving Radical Equations
- Squaring a number, 𝑥 2 , and taking a square root, √𝑥,
are inverse operations.
3
- Cubing a number, 𝑥 3 , and taking a cube root, √𝑥, are
- If there is a radical in the denominator, you need to inverse operations.
rationalize the denominator in order to get rid of the
radical in the denominator. Ex. √2𝑥 + 7 − 1 = 8
- To rationalize, multiply the numerator and
denominator by the radical in the denominator.
3√6+√7
Ex. Rationalize the denominator for .
√6

3
Ex. √4𝑥 + 7 = 3
 Review Questions
1. Which of the following equations are true?
3
I. √64 = 8 II. √𝑥 3 = 𝑥 III. √−9 = 3

a) II only b) I and II
c) I, II, and III d) I only

2. Which of the following is the simplest form of √27 − 2√3 ?

a) 2√24 b) −2√30

c) √3 d) 7√3

9√7
3. Which expression is the rationalized form of ?
√5
9
a) 9√5 b)
√5

√63 9√35
c) 5
d) 5

4. Simplify √45 + 6√5 − √80. (Hint: Convert to mixed radical form first)

5. Express √18 ∙ 2√6 in entire radical form and mixed radical form.

6. Buildings in snowy areas often have steeper roofs than buildings in areas that are dry. This steepness, or “pitch,” is
expressed as the height of a roof divided by its width. Determine the pitch, in rationalized form, for a building
whose roof is 3√5 meters high and 12√7 meters wide.

7. Simplify 5𝑥√𝑥(√𝑥 − 6√𝑥 3 ).

Metric Conversions Solving Problems Involving Rates
- When dealing with rate problems, make sure that all
quantities use the same unit of measurement. If the
units of measurement are not the same, convert them
so that they are.

Ex. Justine can buy a 25 lb bag of bird seed for $21.30

at the farmers market. The pet store sells an 18 kg
bag for $24.69. Which bag is a better buy?

- When converting between metric units, the direction

and magnitude from one unit of measurement to
another is the direction and number of times the
decimal needs to be moved.

Ex. Complete the following conversions. Ex. Carmelle works 50 hours every three weeks. At
this rate, how many hours will she work in one year?
a) 45 km = ____________________ cm

b) 957 ml = ____________________ L

___________________________________________
_
c) 0.53 kg = ___________________ g Scale Diagrams and Scale Factor
- Any shape (2D or 3D) can be represented by a scale
___________________________________________ diagram (an enlargement or reduction of the
_ original).
Metric ↔ Imperial Conversions - The scale factor, k, is determined using the size of
- When converting between metric and imperial units, the original shape and the new diagram as a ratio.
use the ratios provided on your formula sheet.
𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑘=
Ex. Complete the following conversions. 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡

a) 13.9 kg = _____________________ lbs Ex. Determine the scale factor used in the following
diagrams.

b) 234 miles = _____________________ km

c) 18 feet = ______________________ cm
Area and Scale Factor Volume and Scale Factor
- A scale factor, k, can be used to relate the volumes
of two similar 3D objects.

𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚

𝑘3 =
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚

Ex. The volume of the cylinder below is 160 cm3.

Determine the volume of the cylinder if it is
enlarged by a scale factor of 130%.

- A scale factor, k, can be used to relate the areas of

two similar 2D objects.
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚
𝑘2 =
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚

Ex. Determine the scale factor used in the diagrams

below.

Ex. Determine the scale factor of the spheres below.

 Review Questions
1. The distance between two towns on a map is 16.5 cm. The map was made using a scale of 1:20000000. What is the
actual distance between the two towns in kilometers?

a) 135 km b) 825 km c) 330 km d) 165 km

2. A Ferris wheel is 57.85 meters tall and has a diameter of 54.4 meters. What are the dimensions of a scale model built
using a scale of 1:95?

a) height 64.22 cm; diameter 60.44 cm b) height 57.26 cm; diameter 53.42 cm

c) height 60.89 cm; diameter 64.22 cm d) height 60.89 cm; diameter 57.26 cm

3. A reindeer can run 133.25 km in 2.5 hours. A grizzly bear can run 12.5 km in 15 minutes. Determine the speed of
each animal in kilometers per hour. Which animal can run faster?

4. It takes Erin 5 hours and 17 minutes to decorate 200 cupcakes. How many minutes will it take Erin to decorate three
dozen cupcakes?

5. Today, gold is worth $1200.60/ounce (1 ounce = 28.3495 grams). What is the value of 0.9 grams of gold?

6. Museum curators are building scale models of antique furniture. A particular chair is 91 cm tall, 56 cm wide, and 58
cm long. They would like the scale model to be 13 cm tall. What scale factor should they use and what are the
dimensions of the model (length and width)?
7. Moneesha has two similar mixing bowls. The surface areas of the bowls are 2300 𝑐𝑚2 and 1100 𝑐𝑚2. Determine
the scale factor of the bowls.

8. A replica of the cylinder below is enlarged by a scale factor of 625%. Determine the volume of the new cylinder.
Exploring Quadratic Functions The x and y Intercepts
- A quadratic function represents the graph of a - The x-intercept(s) of a function are the points where
parabola. the graph crosses the x-axis. To determine the
x-intercept(s) algebraically, let 𝑦 = 0 and then solve for
x.
- The y-intercept(s) of a function are the points where
the graph crosses the y-axis. To determine the
y-intercept(s) algebraically, let 𝑥 = 0 and then solve for
y.
Ex. Graph the function 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 6. Then
determine the x-intercept(s) and y-intercept
algebraically. Check the intercepts using a graphing
- A quadratic function, in standard form, is written as
calculator.
𝒚 = 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄

- Note that the highest exponent (degree) of a quadratic

function is equal to 2.
____________________________________________
Domain and Range
- When 𝑎 > 0, the quadratic function will open
upwards. The resulting graph will have a minimum
value. That is, the range will always be greater than
or equal to the minimum value.

- When 𝑎 < 0, the quadratic function will open

downwards. The resulting graph will have a
maximum value. That is, the range will always be
less than or equal to the maximum value.
Properties of a Quadratic Function Ex. Convert 𝑦 = 25𝑥 2 − 49 into factored form.
- The VERTEX is the point at which a quadratic function
reaches its maximum or minimum value. The vertex
is always stated as an ordered pair: (x,y).

Ex. Convert 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 − 36 into factored

form.

- All parabolas are symmetric and therefore we can state

___________________________________________
an AXIS OF SYMMETRY of a given parabola once we
Vertex Form of a Quadratic Function
know the vertex.
- The vertex form of a quadratic function is
- The axis of symmetry is always stated as an equation in
the form x = ____. The value of the blank is the "x"
𝒚 = 𝒂(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + 𝒌
value of the vertex.
where the “h” moves the vertex left and right
(horizontal translation) and the “k” value moves the
vertex up and down (vertical translation).
- Therefore, the vertex is the coordinate (ℎ, 𝑘) and the
axis of symmetry is the line 𝑥 = ℎ.
Ex. State the properties of the quadratic function
𝑦 = 3(𝑥 + 2)2 − 4.

________________________________________________
Factored Form of a Quadratic Function
- The factored form of a quadratic function is

𝒚 = 𝒂(𝒙 − 𝒓)(𝒙 − 𝒔)

where the “r” and “s” values are the x-intercepts.

- To convert a quadratic function from standard form
to factored form, we must factor. Ex. The vertex of a quadratic function is (3,7) and
Ex. Convert 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 28 into factored form. the graph passes through the point (5, −1).
Determine the equation of the quadratic in vertex
form.
Solving Equations Graphically Ex. Solve the equation 0 = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 36 .
Case 1: Solving a quadratic equation where one side is equal
to zero
- Enter one side of the equation as 𝑦1
- Adjust window settings if necessary
- Find x-intercepts (2nd – Trace – Zero)

Ex. Solve the equation 0 = −3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 5 .

Ex. Determine the zeros of the equation 64𝑥 2 = 9.

Case 2: Solving a double-sided equation

- Enter the left side of the equation as 𝑦1 and the right Ex. Solve the equation 0 = 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 16.
side as 𝑦2
- Adjust window settings if necessary
- Find intersection points (2nd – Trace – Intersect)

Ex. Solve the equation −2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3 = 𝑥 2 − 5 .

____________________________________________
Solving Using the Quadratic Formula
- Make sure the equation is in standard form
0 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
- Determine the values of a, b, and c and substitute them
________________________________________________ into the quadratic formula
Solving Equations By Factoring
- Step 1: Arrange the equation so that one side is equal to
zero
- Step 2: Factor using the appropriate method
- Step 3: Once in factored form, 0 = (𝑥 − 𝑟)(𝑥 − 𝑠), - Simplify the solution
set each factor equal to zero and solve each - The nature of the roots of an equation can be determined
equation with the discriminant, 𝐷 = 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
- if 𝐷 > 0, there are two different solutions
- if 𝐷 = 0, there are two equal solutions
- if 𝐷 < 0, there are no solutions
 Ex. Mako dives off a 6.3 meter platform. The path of
Ex. 2
Solve 4𝑥 + 16𝑥 + 11 = 0 using the quadratic his dive is modeled by the equation
formula. ℎ(𝑡) = −4.11(𝑡 − 0.27)2 + 6.3
where ℎ(𝑡) is the height in meters and 𝑡 is
the time in seconds. How many seconds will it take
for Mako to hit the water, rounded to the nearest
hundredth?

____________________________________________
Ex. Find two consecutive whole numbers such that the
Ex. Determine the a, b, and c values of the following sum of their squares is 265.
equation. Then use the quadratic formula to solve
for 𝑥.
−2(𝑥 + 4)2 − 9 = 0

____________________________________________
Ex. Bolin has been hired to lay a path of uniform width
around a rectangular playground. He has enough
crushed rock to cover 145𝑚2 of path. Determine
the width of the path that will use all 145𝑚2 of
crushed rock.

____________________________________________
Problem Solving with Quadratic Equations
Ex. A small movie theatre sells tickets for $20. At this
price, the theatre sells 150 tickets every show. The
owners know from past years that they will sell 7
more tickets per show for each price decrease of
$0.25.
a) What function, E(x), can be used to model the
owners’ earnings, if x represents the price
decrease in dollars?

b) What should the owners charge per ticket to

earn the maximum amount of money?
Measures of Central Tendency - The standard deviation is a measure of how data
- The mean is the average of the values of a data set. It is values are scattered in relation to the mean. A low
calculated by adding up all of the numbers and dividing standard deviation indicates that most data values
it by how many numbers there are. The mean can be are close to the mean. A high standard deviation
represented by the symbols 𝒙 ̅ or 𝝁. indicates that most data values are scattered farther
from the mean.
- The median is the middle value of a data set after it
has be organized in ascending order. If there is an even Finding Standard Deviation (Calculator method)
number of values, the median is the average of the two Step 1: [STAT] → [EDIT]
middle values. Step 2: Enter data values into 𝐿1
Step 3: [STAT] → [CALC] → [1 − Var Stats]
- The range is the difference between the highest and Step 4: The following screen should appear.
the lowest values in a data set.

- The mode is the most frequent value (appears the

most often).

- A frequency table is constructed by arranging

collected data values in ascending order with their
corresponding frequencies.
Normal Distribution
- A normal curve is a symmetrical curve that
- A histogram is a graph of a frequency distribution.
represents the normal distribution (bell curve).
Ex. The table below shows the heights (in cm) of 15
students in a Gr. 4 classroom.

Mean: ____________ Median: ____________

Mode: ____________ Range: _____________

Frequency table:
Height (cm) Frequency
70-80
- The midline is always represented by the mean of the
81-90
data.
91-100 - We move up (right) the bell curve by adding
standard deviations to the mean and down (left) the
Histogram: bell curve by subtracting standard deviations.
Ex. For a Math 20-2 final exam, the mean was 64% with a Ex. The weights of a shipment of pumpkins are normally
standard deviation of 8%. Given that the data was normally distributed with a standard deviation of 1.4 kg. The
distributed, draw the normal curve that represents this weight of one pumpkin picked at random is 3.6 kg
data. with a z-score of −1.31. What is the mean to the
nearest tenth of a kg?

What percentage of students scored between 48% and Confidence Intervals

72%? - The margin of error is the possible difference
between the estimates of the value you are trying to
determine.
What percentage of students scored below 72%? - A confidence interval is usually expressed as a
survey result plus or minus the margin of error,
e.g. 55𝑘𝑔 ± 3%.
Z-Scores - The sample size affects the margin of error. A larger
- A z-score is the measure of standard deviations away sample results in a smaller margin of error.
from the mean on a normal distribution curve. - A confidence level is the likelihood that the results
- A z-score can be determined using the following will lie within the range given by the confidence
formula: interval.
𝑥 − 𝑥̅
𝑧= Ex. In a recent survey, 72% of post-secondary graduates
𝜎 indicated that they expect to get a job within a year
𝒛 : z-score of graduating. The survey is considered accurate
𝒙 : data value within ±5.2%, 19 times out of 20.
̅ : mean
𝒙
𝝈 : standard deviation a) Determine the confidence interval for this
data if 1400 students were surveyed.
Ex. The average grade on an English exam was 71%
with a standard deviation of 6%.

a) Determine the z-score for a grade of 62%.

b) What is the confidence level expressed as a

b) Determine the z-score for a grade of 85%. percent?
 Review Questions
1. Leon keeps track of the amount of money he spends, in dollars, on weekly lunches during one semester:
$25 $19 $36 $19 $17 $10 $24
$28 $25 $31 $28 $26 $29 $18
Determine the mean, mode, range and standard deviation of the data. Round answers to the nearest hundredth.

2. Joel researched the average daily temperature in his town of Lloydminster, SK.
Month Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.
average daily –10.0 –17.5 –5.0 3.7 10.7 14.3 20.1 14.0 9.8 4.8 –5.8 –14.8
temperature (°C)
Determine the median of this data.

3. Determine the z-score using the following values:

𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 510, 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 93, and 𝑥 = 412

4. A teacher is analyzing the class results for a Chemistry test. The marks are normally distributed with a mean (𝜇)
of 77.4 and a standard deviation (𝜎) of 4.2.
a) Draw the normal distribution curve that represents this data.

b) Determine Sahara’s mark if she scored 𝜇 + 2.5𝜎.

5. Jackson raises Siberian husky sled dogs at his kennel. From the data that he has collected over the years, he knows that
the masses of adult male dogs are normally distributed, with a mean of 23.6 kg and a standard deviation of 1.8 kg.
 a) If one of the dogs has a mass with a z-score of 1.4, what is the weight of this particular dog?

b) If Jackson has 48 puppies this year, how many of them could he expect to have a mass greater than 20 kg when they
grow up? (Hint: Draw a normal distribution curve)

6. In a recent survey, 72% of participants indicated that they use Instagram. The survey is considered accurate within a
margin of error of ±2.4% , 21 times out of 25.
a) Determine the confidence interval if 500 people were surveyed.

b) Determine the confidence level as a percent.