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Solo Taxonomy

SOLO Taxonomy is a framework developed by John Biggs and Kevin Collis in 1982 to classify and assess the depth of understanding in learners through five hierarchical levels: Prestructural, Unistructural, Multistructural, Relational, and Extended Abstract. It is used in assessment, curriculum design, and promoting higher-order thinking skills, distinguishing itself from Bloom's Taxonomy by focusing on the structure of responses rather than cognitive skills. The framework encourages progressive understanding and self-assessment among students.

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94 views1 page

Solo Taxonomy

SOLO Taxonomy is a framework developed by John Biggs and Kevin Collis in 1982 to classify and assess the depth of understanding in learners through five hierarchical levels: Prestructural, Unistructural, Multistructural, Relational, and Extended Abstract. It is used in assessment, curriculum design, and promoting higher-order thinking skills, distinguishing itself from Bloom's Taxonomy by focusing on the structure of responses rather than cognitive skills. The framework encourages progressive understanding and self-assessment among students.

Uploaded by

MARILOU BASILISCO
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Solo Taxonomy (Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes) is a framework developed by John Biggs and

Kevin Collis in 1982. It is used to classify and assess the depth of understanding demonstrated by learners. The
taxonomy provides a systematic way to evaluate how well students understand a topic, emphasizing the quality
and complexity of their learning outcomes rather than the quantity.

Levels of SOLO Taxonomy

The framework categorizes understanding into five hierarchical levels:

1. Prestructural (Unistructural)
o The learner is unable to grasp the task or question. Responses are irrelevant or lack coherence.
o Example: Answering a question with unrelated or incorrect information.
2. Unistructural
o The learner focuses on one relevant aspect of the task but lacks broader understanding.
o Example: Identifying a single fact or term without connecting it to the larger context.
3. Multistructural
o The learner understands several relevant aspects but treats them as disconnected pieces of
information.
o Example: Listing facts without showing relationships between them.
4. Relational
o The learner integrates multiple pieces of information into a coherent whole, showing
understanding of relationships and context.
o Example: Explaining a concept and connecting it to related ideas or principles.
5. Extended Abstract
o The learner goes beyond the given information, showing higher-order thinking by generalizing
or applying ideas to new contexts.
o Example: Using principles learned to predict outcomes in a novel situation.

Applications of SOLO Taxonomy

1. Assessment and Grading: Helps teachers design assessments and evaluate student responses based on
their depth of understanding.
2. Curriculum Design: Guides educators in creating learning objectives and activities that target deeper
levels of understanding.
3. Learner Development: Encourages students to move beyond surface-level learning to develop higher-
order thinking skills.

Comparison with Bloom’s Taxonomy

While both SOLO and Bloom’s taxonomies focus on classifying levels of learning, SOLO emphasizes the
structure of the learner's response and the complexity of understanding. Bloom’s taxonomy, on the other hand,
categorizes cognitive skills (e.g., remembering, understanding, applying).

Benefits of SOLO Taxonomy

 Encourages progressive development of understanding.


 Provides clear descriptors for different levels of understanding.
 Promotes self-assessment and metacognition among learners.

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