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Tutorial 1

The document provides an overview of the Laplace Transform, an essential analytical method for solving linear ordinary differential equations, and its applications in process control concepts. It discusses the inverse Laplace transform and partial fraction expansions for various types of poles, along with a step-by-step approach to solving ordinary differential equations using Laplace transforms. The tutorial includes examples and methods for determining inverse transforms and solving ODEs.

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Abusabah I. A. Ahmed
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16 views13 pages

Tutorial 1

The document provides an overview of the Laplace Transform, an essential analytical method for solving linear ordinary differential equations, and its applications in process control concepts. It discusses the inverse Laplace transform and partial fraction expansions for various types of poles, along with a step-by-step approach to solving ordinary differential equations using Laplace transforms. The tutorial includes examples and methods for determining inverse transforms and solving ODEs.

Uploaded by

Abusabah I. A. Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Automatic Control Theory

Tutorial 1

Laplace Transform

Dr. Abusabah I. A. Ahmed


[email protected]
Laplace Transform
❑ Important analytical method for solving linear ordinary
differential equations.
✓ Application to nonlinear ODEs? Must linearize first.
❑ Laplace transforms play a key role in important process
control concepts and techniques.
- Examples:
✓ Transfer functions
✓ Frequency response
✓ Control system design
✓ Stability analysis

where F(s) is the symbol for the Laplace transform, s is the


Laplace transform operator, and f(t) is some function of time, t.
Abusabah I. A. Ahmed 2
Inverse Laplace Transform
By definition, the inverse Laplace transform operator, 𝐿−1 ,
converts an s-domain function back to the corresponding
time domain function:
f ( t ) = L−1  F ( s ) 

Partial Fraction Expansions

Basic idea: Expand a complex expression for Y(s) into


simpler terms, each of which appears in the Laplace
Transform table. Then you can take the 𝐿−1 of both sides of
the equation to obtain y(t).

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Inverse Laplace Transform
Partial Fraction Expansions
Four Cases:

Real Non-repeated Poles

Real Repeated Poles

Complex Non-repeated Poles

Complex Repeated Poles

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Inverse Laplace Transform
Partial Fraction Expansions
Real Non-repeated Poles

Example
Use the Partial-Fraction Expansion and the Table Look-Up
Method determine the Inverse Laplace Transform of F(s).

Abusabah I. A. Ahmed 5
Inverse Laplace Transform
Partial Fraction Expansions
Real Non-repeated Poles
Start by finding Partial Fraction Expansion of F(s)

Each coefficient is determined by evaluating:

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Inverse Laplace Transform
Partial Fraction Expansions
Real Repeated Poles

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Inverse Laplace Transform
Complex Non-repeated Poles

𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛

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Inverse Laplace Transform
Complex Non-repeated Poles

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Inverse Laplace Transform
Complex Repeated Poles

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Solution of ODEs by Laplace Transforms

✓ Take the 𝐿 of both sides of the ODE.


✓ Rearrange the resulting algebraic equation in the s domain to
solve for the Y(s).
✓ Perform a partial fraction expansion.
✓ Use the 𝐿−1 to find y(t) from the expression for Y(s).

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Solution of ODEs by Laplace Transforms
Solve the ODE,
dy
5 + 4y = 2 y (0) = 1
dt
First, take 𝐿 of both sides of ODE,
5 ( sY ( s ) − 1) + 4Y ( s ) =
2
s
Rearrange,
5s + 2
Y (s) =
s ( 5s + 4 )
Take 𝐿−1 ,
−1  5s + 2 
y (t ) = L  
 (
s 5 s + 4 )
From Tables,
y ( t ) = 0.5 + 0.5e −0.8t
Abusabah I. A. Ahmed 12
Thank You

Abusabah I. A. Ahmed 13

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