LAB
REPORT
ROAD ALIGNMENT
Lab Instructor: Sir Hamza Khalid
Syndicate 3 | BECE-21-A
19 December 2022
INDEX
S/No Contents Annex Pages
1 Report - 2-3
2 Volume and Cost Evaluation Annex-A 4-5
2 Plan View Annex-B Attached
3 Longitudinal View Annex-C Attached
4 Cross Section Annex-D Attached
1
Road Alignment
Aims and Objectives
The aim of the task was to find the elevation of the site of the road before construction and the
procedure to convert the said area to a smooth road. We also had to calculate the land area
(site of road) for cutting and filling according to requirement. Thus, calculating the cost of our
procedure.
Brief Description of Task
In this task, we located our total station position using resection method by sighting D and E
points, and we measured the height of the total station by back-sighting at point E. Then, we
were able to find elevations, eastings, and northing by placing cones at points and using a total
station. Each of the noted values were used to plot a graph and then calculate the volume of
cut and fill.
Instruments Used
➢ Total station
➢ Cones
➢ Rods
➢ Reflectors
➢ Tripod stand
➢ Prism
➢ Plumb bob
➢ Measuring Tape
Scheme of the Exercise
First, we had set the total station on random point and find the height of play station by back-
sighting. Then at the centre line, we had to put cones on 20ft on either side of centre line and
each. Then, we set two cones on either side i.e., L1, L2 and R1 and R2. Finally, we had to plot a
graph of elevation vs. distance and easting vs. northing of the set points and then find cut and
fill volumes of each. A detailed explanation of this is given in the procedure.
2
Procedure
1. First, we had set the total station at any random point which had a plane sight view of
known traverse points of D and E.
2. Then after setting the total station via centring and levelling, we back sighted at point E
and found the current height of our set total station as well as its eastings and Northings.
3. Later, we placed cones on the centre line of our given road section of 320’× 40’.
4. Next, we marked the points on the right and left of our set cones as R1 and R2 or L1 and
L2 separately. Each of them was 10 ft apart.
5. Using a total station, a prism reflector, and a rod, we measured the Eastings, Northings,
elevation, and distances of each of our point on the centre line and around it.
6. All these points were noted on a proforma and compiled.
7. Later we had to sketch an elevation-distance graph and Eastings Nothings graph of the
said Road Section.
8. We done made multiple section graphs of each 20 ft distance point on an Elevation
distance graphs.
9. Finally, we had drawn a line of designed road which reduced the error of natural road
progression.
10. The area of the designed road fill and cut was calculated and finally, equated to have a
small difference.
11. Our total cost on the project was equal to Rs. 7650.
Analysis of Resulting Sketch
The slope of our road alignment was 5.9,2.5 and 0.625 percent. This implies that our road site
was steep at the start, then started to straighten out at the end. The steeper part would require
evacuation of soil, while the flat portion would need to be filled.
To reduce the project cost further, our slope should account for equal amounts of fill and cut
volumes on both sides.
Conclusion
The levelling process carried out at the grid intersection points helped us determine elevations
at these points. The plan view showed us a view of the road from the top, while the longitudinal
view showed us the elevation of the longitudinal section of the road. The cross sections were
plotted at 20 ft. This process was carried out to determine the location of a new road to be
constructed as well as the cut and fill volumes of the project. Our total cost on this project was
estimated to be Rs. 7650, which Is quite economical.
3
Annexure A
Volume Calculations:
Volume of Cut
(𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑢𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 + 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑢𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
=
2
∗ 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠
Volume of fill
(𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 + 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
=
2
∗ 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠
Point Area of Area of Fill
Volume of Cut Volume of Fill
Cut (ft2) (ft2) Section
(ft3) (ft3)
A 0.00 0.00
B 26.75 0.00 AB 267.50 0.00
C 23.5 0.00 BC 502.5 0.00
D 6.875 0.00 CD 303.75 0.00
E 0.00 25 DE 68.75 250
F 0.00 59.25 EF 0.00 842.5
G 0.00 57.25 FG 0.00 1165
H 0.00 19.625 GH 0.00 768.75
J 0.00 0.00 HJ 0.00 196.25
K 0.00 6.5 JK 0.00 65
L 0.00 9.5 KL 0.00 160
M 2.4375 7.75 LM 24.375 172.5
N 0.00 0.00 MN 24.375 77.5
O 0.875 13.59375 NO 8.75 135.9375
P 22.75 5.5 OP 236.25 190.9375
Q 8.53125 0.25 PQ 312.8125 57.5
R 0.00 0.00 QR 85.3125 2.5
Sum 1834.375 ft3 4084.375 ft3
4
Cost Evaluation:
• Volume of Cut Required = 1834.375 ft3
• Volume of Fill Required = 4084.375 ft3
• Excavation Charges / ft3 = Rs. 3000
• Fill Charges / ft3 = Rs. 3400
• Excess = 4084.375 – 1834.375 ft3
= 2250.00 ft3 (to be borrowed)
As most of our volume is to be borrowed, our charges will be:
Fill Charges = Volume of Borrowed Fill x Fill Charge / ft3
= 2250.00/1000 x 3400 Rupees
= 7650.00 Rupees
