II
CHSE 11h
Mathematical
Ch.1 reasoning Part-1
Important Definitions & Formulae
vThene is no v n prime numben. a(Folt)
mathemoti cod Reasoning MATHS/
or statement (These ane enam pler of stota mentr.)
Proposiion
A proposition (om matuemaftimly Exompls:
acceptoble
Statement ) is a derlan aire
uhne ane you goin9
? (a qvestion)
whieh is eon tnue on faise, hoppy bituday. Ctwither)
Sentencg i s h you
but net both. is that
flotuen ! (eatlamathin)
How brautiful
proporition: af waten, (oreden on mmano)
of
Trutu value propositien
a
a glars
i nue,e Bnim as it s meominge
when if Stodemets
sT ond
(These ane ndt
that iks tnuth value trum valus)
Soy to talk af tuaire
its
trut Valu iE
alte, denoted by Enamples
is norm
ally 5
Apnopositio
like P 2, ek. s less That
lettans
Small Roman
sintp Tuey
(These ane
also not #al emenfr
becomg tatemns
SUn,+(Tmue)
Eamples: rounol The inyolve variabler Though
v ane Speeified)
eanm moves
The (True) e vaniables
tniongle har 3 angkes5. (Falte)
when
A is 9neaten
uom
-
Two
EMamplS Comnet be Caleol a Shtpment
S
MATHS
was a CuisRman. A SntentR
Hani
ntleamatin
Ramesh is nich. 1 t is an or
uither,
i) 3t s an oncden on eqUert
pintu is un teachen. on an iniennogaive.
gooc I t is G qvetion
is a
iRaju Such ar
also not State mewr Simpe iv) I t vaniable time
involves
etr.
These ane
tomonno
wonds (inewis Tich, yestandoy today Such a r
tuey (ontaim
Thuta a n ofhuntire
v1t
mvolves Vvaniable plares
whese efr.
youn 200 in Tue Obsenee of hene,uunR,eveayukne
be
arsen tecd
Sentemer pronouns
Such a r The,he
Com not .
suth
viIt invelvas
yandstiek
any messuning
Proposifions. ede. adjectives /undefinre e m
ane caued fuzzy
vii) I t involues
or wonls
Such as Good, beautu
wise,nieh
ete
Comneelivs Compound propotitien-
MATHS
omcd
pmopositien in uhith ome en mone
Tuun re u Surh key uondr A
is catled a
(onnectives approm
Colled Canngchves, plaing
a
of tuse
hnases tr
najor rolR in Cornbining propo steicns. Conposite an Compounel pnoposHion uhile
Cons4ituents ana caue its
which anR individuod
Prime Compenents.
Tuun
Con he
moclified by tue 1 4 i*is Sumda on hunsday
APrroposifion
) as a
is leave."
alto faken the ondenly
on
whih is
wond mot iSa Compound Propositim
A o n y Connethve.
SP: I t is Sunday
Thunsday Thunsdag
on
R Itis Sunday
The Onderuy on kave
s:
( P a i m (omponends
)Nagakion: ( ) (Net) a)Conjuneion A) (and)
when tuo stotements p omd ane MATHS/
T propoSitien P
imodifiedl by ue
Combineo by e ueno and to fonm as
wend not o new Santenrg resultr.
call it fue negotion of 'p'
amol ne Sentence, Te todter is ralee) Tuin
wR
as PAg.
mbol (P). Conjunctien Gmel s uritte
dgnete iE b
P:2+3 5 P: is inaatiena
2:3 is a Comptete Szvome.
p : 2+3 ¢5 i t a empled
Png: is innafional and 3
6 is net a prime number.
2: Svone ow.
uhile Hei wrnf
pRim number. Ram Came in, Stont ane
is denk ,Thogh
iTe night
Tu a 6 i nada
Ttis not tnue shinin?
alto Cases
when and is wee
Prime numben. one
hene
but it is not a Conneetve
combinafion af r e r a
Aio Tue Coneemt is a
P Ex: instnumentu murie Aniem
ano P
n o t a Compoune
Gi t it
sdatemen? ond an
snot a ConnecHve
Disjunetion (v) (om) Nof
stadements P 2 ane mbinel ThR COmnective on is useed in both MATHS
when fwo
by t oond
on to donm a new Sentence eelusiv nd inclusive Sense.
disjunction omd eitun p
is cauel tuin enelusive, Then on 2
tue laten If PV2 i in the
writtkn as Pv2. Com be true ,not bom B u t Can be
Care befm Tu Statemet
is a holiday. inelusive tru.
) P: SUnday oddiion to eithken being
true in
Thunsdoy is a holida.
ia holicay or ) A studaw*
can
have(ceie on fontkn
rlas.
Pvg: Eiuen Sunday highen secendany
in a
os mIL
www. auntday i a halidaj. CEnelosive on)
itir
hon dive on
Tarer is greater Can ee repiler on
ii) not. n a Zoo eu
binds asyou iue.
Awion P PV (1melurve en)
Comditienad: (9s p then t) (P->2) 1n Symbet, ue anite P-2 MATHS
A proposition o type '9 P Tun 2 Man P is callrd tue onteceden
is Calkd a Conditional If Can also be Cor Aypotheris)
writtan os is CaWre ue Consequet
sufdicient fon 9 (on Conlusien)
Pis
2 i s nere ssary fon P Aniem
P 0nyif 2 P2
Gnd fo on
pnovided tuot p
F
P: Nito has ten rupees.
E:
She witl huy bottle of Jam.
P294 p Tuun 2
Tun
Nita has ten
nupees
9 bottle of Tam,
o
Sh uitt buy
Biconditicntd (P il omd oy2) Ex p: 1f tu Sum Of digit ofa umbenMATHS
isdvisib by 3 tun e numben
T Cemjunction of CondHenalp 2
i (aveo a isdivisibl b 3
omd its (onvense22
anol i unitten arP2 I f a numben is divistblg hy 3
bitendikion then tu Sum of its digitt if
divirible by 2
P is Same as ) (24P|
Pq A numben is divisible b g
oy if Tu um of itr digitr
epe sting
a
aEquivolsnt ays of fomd
bitonditienad PE2 anR
an is divisible by 3.
ond ony if 2 Antiom
PiF
P
i f Cmod oy it P
Omd Suieient
P i merestony
T
) ConversR, InvarsR and Contrapasire Condnaposikve: S
MATHS
Givn P 2 o r 9t p uen 2
Cemvente: or
fun p 94 hopal is rlenn htn he it nieh
Ex
) Invens: [P neon notp tupn
not2 P:hop i cewn
i) Comdna positi 4 p 94Pen 2
Comarta 9
tun P
94 votg Tun notP 94 hopa is
mirh
un he is
cleven
Ex nense9 notp un net2
htm
a P neft Clenn
Conens P n (w2) 94 Ghopa
h e I s n o tn i ' e h
9 7um nopJ
Inene
NP 2 Contrapor/hve: 9 notnod hun he
tith
Gopol is
9s n o t cleven
Eqvivolent statement No& S
MATHS
when two (om posite propofiions PE P)
prime Componentr
fonmed out of tuR Some
tnui valuR fon earh patike
hove the Same
of trut vls of e i n
Combination
omponets ,
ue cou Tam eqvivolt
Prrime
ond nite P EP2 on
a Pnqve) E °n2) v(Pnr)1
CPvd.
vi)Pv C2nr) =(pv) a
Sol
P2 pn
Pva P F
F
Pv E n¢P A2 )
) Tauto lo9): Implicaditm
p is MATHS
Composite_ propesifion
don a pofsible arignment onditienad P is foldolo_.
always true then we say at P impliet 2 Cnd e
valuur to its pnim Cemponents|
of t n u t unite P to indicote tuis impktatkm.
then it is caMed Toufole1y
Double implitafion:
Contra diction: T& bi tonditional P i eistoudolegy.
impliedy
-
tua implier and
Composife pmoposition p
it aluayr wR Say p
to indliraute ait
au porsible assignment of lwe unit pee
adse fon Componentr, doublk impli tafion
itr prime
tnuh valus to
Contnadictien. PA is mead ar p impl:er2
caleod
tuan it is )P2 S read os "
P implier and i
) SomR Namples of tourelo99 Tmplied 72"
P v CNP) La of em clucleel miellel Ex P v(vP)
t a of (entnadirehon) Pvop)
CP^nP)
is)P «f~p) { tato of devble negoion] T) So Pvap
is
tautolo22
a
Guantifiens- i) onivensal qvantiftun
CRR Usd
to destnibe MATHS
0uontiliens The Symbol fen univentod quanifien
rlation to a predirae.
Vaniables
ar fon o on fon evany
is , read
emit nEN +3=16
EX ) Thene .
E ,y ¬R ,
* * and i j
F o n aM ER, Sinn+ Coer = ER 2o
0f qvantifiPns
2uanfified statement
Two types Negahiom of a
i) Enistamtial qoonfhsienr
qvontifier is
ThR Pistential eR, **¬o
cs
as , Trad
symbotizeod # (3 eR ,Sinm= 0) dn
fimm <o
hene enists'
ER ,Sinno
E
an even prim n2- 29n+160 if a paime)
EX Tune enists numbe
ii) (¥nEN ,
160 not a
a capital fon even neN, n79n4
Ther Pniss E prime
stote of India.
SMATHS 99/100
B. Nihita
9100
Khek Saswat
(K.V. No-1 No-1) (DAV CDA).
Since 2001 CBSE XI(2006) CBSE XII (2009) CBSE XI(2011)
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