What is EARTHQUAKE
An earthquake is the
sudden, rapid shaking
or rolling of the Earth.
Earthquakes happen
when rocks break or
slip along fault lines in
the Earth's crust,
releasing energy that
causes the ground to
move.
FAULT
• What is FAULT ?
A fault is a fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of
rock. Faults allow the blocks to move relative to each other. This
movement may occur rapidly, in the form of an earthquake - or may
occur slowly, in the form of creep. Faults may range in length from
a few millimeters to thousands of kilometers.
A NORMAL FAULT
a normal fault is a
type of dip-slip
fault where the
hanging wall moves
downwards from
the footwall. The
average dipping
angle of a normal
fault ranges from
45 to 90 degrees.
Normal faults are
the opposite of
reverse faults.
A REVERSE FAULT
In a reverse fault,
the block above the
fault moves up
relative to the block
below the fault. This
fault motion is
caused by
compressional
forces and results in
shortening
A STRIKE-SLIP FAULT
Strike-slip faults
are vertical (or
nearly vertical)
fractures where
the blocks have
mostly moved
horizontally. The
fault motion of a
strike-slip fault is
caused by
shearing forces
DIFFERENT FORCES PRODUCE OF FAULT
TENSION
- causes rocks to
stretch and also break
to. produce a fault.
COMPRESSION
- causes rocks to fold and
ultimately. break to
produce a fault.
SHEARING
- is a force tending to
cause deformation of a
material by slippage along
a plane or planes(areas)
parallel to the imposed
stress.
ACTIVE FAULT
An active fault is a fault that is
likely to become the source of
another earthquake sometime in
the future.
INACTIVE FAULT
Inactive faults are structures that
we can identify, but which do no
have earthquakes.
TECTONIC PLATES
A tectonic plate (also called lithospheric plate) is a massive,
irregularly shaped slab of solid rock, generally composed of both
continental and oceanic lithosphere. Plate size can vary greatly,
from a few hundred to thousands of kilometers across; the
Pacific and Antarctic Plates are among the largest.
SEISMOGRAPH
A Seismograph or Seismometer is an instrument that responds
to ground noises and shaking such as caused by earthquakes,
volcanic eruptions, and explosions. They are usually
combined with a timing device and a recording device to form
a seismograph
EARTHQUAKE DISASTER
An earthquake is a violent and abrupt shaking of the ground,
caused by movement between tectonic plates along a fault
line in the earth's crust. Earthquakes can result in the ground
shaking, soil liquefaction, landslides, fissures, avalanches,
fires and tsunamis.
TSUNAMI
A tsunami is a series of waves in a water body caused by the
displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean
or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other
underwater explosions above or below water all have the
potential to generate a tsunami.
LANDSLIDE
Landslides, also known as landslips, are several forms of
mass wasting that may include a wide range of ground
movements, such as rockfalls, deep-seated slope failures,
mudflows, and debris flows.
