Quasi-Judicial – The power to apply the laws Commission on Elections – Has jurisdiction over all
inside the administrative, investigate the facts and contests relating to the elections, returns ad
also to assess the evidence in the cases submitted qualification of all elective regional, provincial, and
to them city officials and appellate jurisdiction over all
contests involving elective municipal officials
- Term applied to the action, discretion of officers decided by trial courts of general jurisdiction or
wo are required to investigate facts, or ascertain involving elective barangay officials decided bu
the existence of facts and draw conclusion as a trial courts of limited jurisdiction.
basis for their official action, and to exercise
discretion of a judicial nature. Commission on Audit – Has jurisdiction to
examine, audit, and settle all accounts pertaining
Power of adjudication under Administrative Code to the revenue and receipts of and expenditures or
- Power in which the respondent has the power to uses of funds and property, owned or held in trust
determine what the law is and what the legal by, the Government or any of its subdivisions,
rights of the parties are. Agency process for the agencies or instrumentalities, including GOCC
formulation of a final order Commission on Human Rights – To promote and
Two conditions to comply with the proper protect human rights, particularly civil and political
exercise of Quasi Judicial functions rights, ensuring that every individual’s dignity is
respected and upheld.
1. Jurisdiction must be properly acquired by the
administrative body 1. Investigate
2. Adopt operational guidelines
2. Due process must be observed in the conduct of 3. Provide Legal Measure
the proceedings 4. Visitorial Powers
5. Education
The administrative agency has its unique 6. Recommendations
jurisdiction as conferred upon it by the specific 7. Monitoring Compliance
provisions of its charter and may vary considerably 8. Grants Immunity
as the discretion of the lawmaking body may 9. Request Assistance
dictate. 10. Appointment
11. Perform other duties
Jurisdiction – Defined as the competence of an Unlike courts, whose jurisdiction is uniformly
office or body to act on a given matter or decide a defined, administrative bodies have specific
certain question. Without jurisdiction, jurisdictions set by their enabling statutes, which
determination made by an administrative body are can be adjusted by the legislature.
considered null and without legal effect.
Carino v. CHR
The administrative agency has its unique
jurisdiction as conferred upon it by the specific - The Supreme Court ruled that the CHR does not
provisions of its charter and may vary considerably have the power to adjudicate cases or exercise
as the discretion of the law-making body may quasi-judicial functions. Adjudication is a judicial
dictate. function that requires the authority to apply the
law to the facts and make a final decision, which
Civil Service Commission – Has jurisdiction over all the Commission does not possess.
employees of all branches, subdivision,
instrumentality and agencies of the Government PCGG v. Pena
including GOCC with original charters. - RTC and COA doesn’t have jurisdiction on the
Hidalgo v. Republic orders set by PCGG in the act of exercising powers.
The Courts is co-equal body to the commission and
- The Supreme Court ruled that the CSC has doesn’t have power to control or interfere with its
jurisdiction over illegal dismissal complaints, not jurisdiction.
the NLRC. The petitioners are considered civil
service employees and their complaints should be
filed with the CSC.
Rules of Procedure - refer to the established Investigation vs. Adjudication
guidelines and processes that administrative
bodies must follow when making decisions, Investigation - The purpose of investigation is to
enforcing regulations, or resolving disputes. discover, find out and obtain or learn new
information.
Where the statute does not require any particular
method of procedure to be followed by an Adjudication - To settle or pass decision in the
administrative agency, the agency may adopt any exercise of juridical authority
reasonable method to carry out its function. Pascual v. Board of Medical Examiners
Presumption of Validity: It must not violate - Constitutional Rights can be invoke in
fundamental rights or encroach upon Administrative Proceedings. The administrative
constitutional prerogatives. proceeding against him, which could result in
DARAB v. Lubrica forfeiture or loss of a privilege, being quasi-
criminal in character.
- DARAB doesn’t have jurisdiction for certiorari
petition. For an agency to have jurisdiction, it must Manalo v. Roldan
be conferred by an enabling statute. - All administrative determinations require only
PHIS v. Chinese Gen substantial proof and not clear and convincing
evidence.
- Administrative rules of procedure are not strictly
enforced in administrative disputes. Rules of Contempt Power - The authority granted to
procedure should be construed liberally in order to certain administrative agencies and quasi-judicial
promote their object and carry out their functions bodies to enforce compliance with their rulings,
and assist the parties in obtaining a just speedy orders, or directives.
and inexpensive determination of their claims and
defences. Contempt - Penalty of being disobedient to or
disrespectful of a court of law and its officers.
Angara v. Electoral Commission Must always seek assistance of the court for the
- Settled rule of construction that where general enforcement of its order.
power or duty is conferred, every particular power
Direct Contempt – contempt that occur within the
necessary for the exercise of its performance is
also conferred. immediate view of an administrative body, such as
disruptive behavior or refusal to follow orders
The provisions of the Rules of Court, however, during a hearing.
should be applied suppletorily too the rules of
procedure of Administrative Agency Indirect Contempt - Addresses disobedience to the
body’s lawful orders outside its direct presence.
This can include actions like failing to comply with
Subpoena Power - The power of an administrative orders or ignoring a subpoena.
agency to order someone to appear and give
Section 12 of Rule 71 of the Rules of Civil Pro
evidence or documents before the court.
- Quasi-judicial agencies that have the power to
Ad Testificandum – Used to compel a person to
testify cite persons for indirect contempt can only do so
by initiating them in proper regional trial court.
Duces Tecum – Used to compel the production of
books, records, things or documents
Agency only has subpoena power if:
1. It is duly allowed by the law upon
- Upon showing of general relevance
2. It is in connection with the matter they are
authorized to investigate.
Bedol v. COMELEC 5. Decision must be based on evidence presented
at the hearing
- COMELEC has the authority to conduct
investigations as part of its constitutional duty to - Must be based solely on the evidence presented
enforce and administer election laws, as outlined at the hearing or contained in the official record.)
in Section 2, Article IX of the 1987 Constitution
6. Independent Consideration of Facts and Law
Simon v. CHR
- Tribunal or body or any of its judges must act on
- The Court emphasized that the CHR is not a its or his own independent consideration of the
quasi-judicial body and does not have adjudicative law and facts of the controversy)
powers. Its powers are limited to investigating
7. Clear and Informative Decision
human rights violations involving civil and political
rights. - The body or judges must render the decision in a
manner that the parties to understand the issues
Notice and Hearing
involved and the reasons for the decision.
Notice - The right to be informed of the nature and
Ang TIbay v. CIR
grounds of the accusations, and be timely notified
of all relevant processes and proceedings. - Although not strictly bound by the Rules of Court,
Administrative Bodies like CIR must comply with
Hearing - An opportunity to defend their rights,
the requirements of due process (Cardinal Rights)
submit evidence on their behalf, and contest any
evidence presented against them. Inclusion of Observance of Procedural Due
Process in Administrative Proceedings; Requisites
Denial of the right t notice and hearing will render
supplementing the 7 Cardinal Rights
the administrative proceedings null and void for
denial of due process. 1. The right to actual or constructive notice of the
institution of proceedings which may affect a
Padilla v. NLRC
respondent’s legal rights;
- Highlights the importance of due process,
2. A real opportunity to be heard personally or
particularly through notice and hearing, in
with the assistance of counsel, to present
fostering a just labor environment for both the
witnesses and evidence in one’s favor, and to
employer and employee.
defend one’s rights;
3. A tribunal vested with competent jurisdiction
7 Cardinal Rights (Principles to be observed) and so constituted as to afford a person charged
administratively a reasonable guarantee of
1. Right to Hearing
honesty as well as impartiality; and
- This fundamental right encompasses the ability
4. A finding by said tribunal which is supported by
to present one's case and submit supporting
substantial evidence submitted for consideration
evidence)
during the hearing or contained in the records or
2. The tribunal must consider the evidence made known to the parties affected.
- Body must carefully review all evidence
presented by both parties)
3. Decision must have something to support itself
- Must be grounded in evidence and not arbitrary
or capricious.)
4. Evidence must be substantial
- Reasonable and sufficient
Minimum Standards of Procedural Due Process in
School Administrative Proceedings
1. The students must be informed in writing of the
nature and cause of any accusation against them
2. They shall have the right to answer the charges
against them and with the assistance if counsel, if
desired
3. They shall be informed of the evidence against
them
4. They shall have the right to adduce evidence in
their own behalf
5. The evidence must be duly considered by the
investigating committee or official designated by
the school authorities to hear and decide the case
Doctrine of Primary Jurisdiction
- The principle of primary jurisdiction holds that if
a case is such that its determination requires the
expertise, relief must first be obtained in an
administrative proceeding before a remedy is
supplied by the courts.
- The objective of the doctrine of primary
jurisdiction is to guide the court in determining
whether it should refrain from exercising its
jurisdiction until after an administrative agency
has determined some question.
Doctrine of Exhaustion of Administrative
Remedies
- The doctrine of exhaustion of administrative
remedies says that a person challenging an agency
decision must first pursue the agency’s available
remedies before seeking judicial review.
