1) Test your knowledge :
A. What is corruption?
Corruption is a complex social, political and economic phenomenon that affects all countries. It undermines
democratic institutions, slows economic development, and contributes to government instability. It undermines
the foundations of democratic institutions by distorting electoral processes, distorting the rule of law and creating
bureaucratic quagmires whose primary source is the demand for bribes.
B. On what day does the globe celebrate international Anti-corruption day?
The world celebrates International Anti-Corruption Day on December 9 of each year.
C. What are the causes of corruption?
Corruption is a complex issue that does not have a single cause, but rather a combination of factors that create an
environment conducive to its flourishing. Here are some of the main causes:
1. Weak institutions and governance:
Lack of rule of law: When laws are not enforced or are inconsistently enforced, it creates opportunities for corruption.
Weak judicial systems: Ineffective or corrupt courts cannot prosecute corruption cases effectively, leading to
impunity.
Lack of transparency: When government processes are opaque and information is not readily available to the public,
it becomes easy to hide corrupt activities.
Weak public administration: Inefficient bureaucracy, excessive red tape, and lack of accountability can create
opportunities for bribery and extortion.
2. Economic factors:
Monopolies and lack of competition: When a few individuals or companies control key resources or industries, they
have more power to engage in corrupt practices.
Low salaries of public officials: When public officials are underpaid, they may be more likely to accept bribes to
supplement their income.
Natural resource wealth: Countries rich in natural resources such as oil or minerals are often more vulnerable to
corruption, as these resources can generate large sums of money that can be easily misappropriated.
3. Political factors:
Lack of democracy and political freedom: Authoritarian regimes with limited political participation and freedom of
expression tend to have high levels of corruption.
Weak civil society: A vibrant civil society, including NGOs and the media, plays a crucial role in holding governments
to account. When civil society is weak, corruption can run rampant and go unchecked.
Political instability: Political instability and conflict can create fertile ground for corruption, as institutions are
weakened and oversight is limited.
4. Sociocultural factors:
Culture of impunity: When corrupt acts go unpunished, it creates a culture where corruption is tolerated or even
accepted.
Neevalence and kinship: In some cultures, it is common to favor family and friends in the awarding of jobs and
contracts, which can lead to corruption.
Lack of public awareness: When citizens are not aware of their rights and the risks of corruption, they are less likely
to report it or demand accountability.
5. Global factors:
International financial flows: Money laundering and tax evasion facilitated by global financial systems can enable
widespread corruption.
Multinational corporations: Some multinational corporations may engage in bribery and other corrupt practices to
gain an advantage in foreign markets.
D. How does the administrative corruption affects the stat’s performance?
Administrative corruption has a significant negative impact on the performance of the state, and its effects can be
summarized as follows:
Economically: It hinders growth, wastes public money, distorts competition, increases costs, and discourages
investments.
Socially: It weakens confidence in institutions, promotes favoritism, increases poverty and unemployment, and
contributes to the spread of crime.
Politically: It weakens the rule of law, degrades democracy, destabilizes, and reduces the state's international
standing.
Simply put, administrative corruption hinders the state's progress and prosperity in all areas.
2) Say whether the following statements are true or false : Correct the
falsestatement :
A. Corruption can takes different forms. true
B. Corruption is a lawful activity. false
C. Corruption is limited only to public administrations. false
D. Corruption is a recent phenomenon. false
3) Connect the term with its meaning:
5) Fill in the blanks with one word from the list:
Bribery is a form of pecuniary corruption that constitutes a crime and is defined as the offering, receiving,
or soliciting of any item of value to influence the actions of an official or other person in discharge of a
public or legal duty.
The bribe is the gift bestowed to influence the recipient's conduct. It may be any money, goods, right and
action, property, privilege, advantage, or merely a promise or undertaking to induce or influence the action,
vote, or influence of a person in an official public capacity.
Written Expression: Choose one topic.
1) Is
there corruption in your country ? If you answered yes, what are the
measures that must be taken to eliminate it?
Yes, there is corruption in Algeria in all administrations.
To eradicate corruption in Algeria, comprehensive measures must be taken,
including strengthening the legal framework by strictly enforcing and updating
laws, and supporting the independence of the judiciary. It also requires
strengthening oversight institutions and enabling them to perform their duties
independently, in addition to enhancing transparency, accountability and
disseminating information. Economically, the public procurement system must
be reformed, smuggling must be combated and natural resource management
improved. Socially, awareness of the risks of corruption must be raised and
ethical values must be promoted. Finally, international cooperation and
exchange of expertise with international organizations are necessary. These
integrated measures are essential to building a more fair and just society.
