MODULE 1
Reading Writing Question 1
After conducting extensive research on the effects of climate change, Dr. Williams
presented his findings to the panel of experts. His ability to __________ complex
data into easily understandable graphs and charts was crucial in conveying the
urgency of the situation.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or
phrase?
A) confound
B) elucidate
C) mitigate
D) obfuscate
Reading Writing Question 2
In her study of ancient civilizations, Dr. Ramirez uncovered a set of artifacts that
seemed to __________ the prevailing theories about early trade routes;
consequently, this sparked a reevaluation of historical narratives.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or
phrase?
A) corroborate
B) obscure
C) elucidate
D) contradict
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Reading Writing Question 3
Dr. Wilson's research into the origins of language aimed to __________ the
longstanding debate about whether it emerged gradually or resulted from a
sudden cognitive leap in early humans; thus, it shed new light on this age-old
question.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or
phrase?
A) resolve
B) exacerbate
C) confound
D) ameliorate
Reading Writing Question 4
In the field of microbiology, researchers are investigating the phenomenon of
antibiotic resistance, a challenge that arises due to the microorganisms' ability to
adapt to various drugs. As bacteria undergo genetic mutations, some develop a
heightened resilience to the antibiotics that were once effective against them. This
enhanced ________ allows these bacteria to thrive even in the presence of potent
medications, leading to concerns about the efficacy of current treatment
strategies.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or
phrase?
A) adaptability
B) persistence
C) susceptibility
D) vulnerability
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Reading Writing Question 5
The observed pattern of laterality across species, and particularly the variation
within species, is likely shaped by natural selection to suit contemporary ecological
and social conditions. Large bodied parrots that use extractive foraging
techniques tend to be strongly lateralized whereas small bodied species that graze
on grass seeds and nectar are non- lateralized. In addition, the pattern of
lateralization varies between populations subject to differential predation
pressure. Fish from high predation regions are more strongly lateralized compared
to fish from low predation regions and their pattern of laterality also differs. It has
been argued that fish from high predation locations, or those that readily rely on
schooling, show enhanced laterality so that they can keep track of their shoal
mates and other stimuli simultaneously.
Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?
A) The author discusses the characteristics of lateralization in species and its
potential causes, then evaluates the accuracy of previous research findings.
B) The author introduces various examples of lateralization in different species,
then delves into the ecological and social factors that may contribute to these
patterns.
C) The author presents observations of lateralization in parrots and fish, then
analyzes the impact of lateralization on their survival in their respective
environments.
D) The author examines the concept of lateralization in species, then questions
whether lateralization is a universally applicable trait in the animal kingdom.
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Reading Writing Question 6
Yet once more, O ye laurels, and once more
Ye myrtles brown, with ivy never sere,
I come to pluck your berries harsh and ,
And with forc'd fingers rude
Shatter your leaves before the mellowing year.
Bitter constraint and sad occasion dear
Compels me to disturb your season due;
For Lycidas is dead, dead ere his prime,
Young Lycidas, and hath not left his peer.
Who would not sing for Lycidas? he knew
Himself to sing, and build the lofty rhyme.
He must not float upon his wat'ry bier
Unwept, and welter to the parching wind,
Without the meed of some melodious tear.
Which choice best state the function of the underlined portion as a whole?
A) It introduces a contrasting perspective on Lycidas' poetic abilities and his
worthiness of song.
B) It signifies a shift in the text from describing Lycidas' death to celebrating his
poetic talents.
C) It offers a historical context to help the reader understand the significance of
Lycidas.
D) It provides a concluding remark summarizing the poem's central theme and
message.
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Reading Writing Question 7
Text 1: Traditional medical practices have been the cornerstone of healthcare in
many cultures for centuries, relying on natural remedies, herbs, and rituals to
promote healing. Modern medicine, on the other hand, is firmly grounded in
scientific research and technological advancements, often utilizing pharmaceutical
drugs and cutting-edge treatments.
Text 2: In a recent study published in a medical journal, researchers argue that
there has always been a degree of flexibility in healthcare practices. They highlight
historical instances where traditional and modern medicine coexisted, with
individuals and communities adapting their approaches based on circumstances.
Based on the texts, how would the researchers in Text 2 most likely respond to the
prevailing view presented in Text 1?
A) By advocating for the total relinquishment of conventional medical
methodologies in favor of contemporary medical practices.
B) By accentuating the deficiencies of conventional medical practices and
advocating for a steadfast reliance on modern scientific methodologies.
C) By spotlighting historical instances in which traditional and contemporary
medical practices coexisted and adjusted, thus questioning the rigid demarcation
between the two.
D) By asserting that traditional medicine lacks historical or cultural prominence in
comparison to the strides achieved in modern medical science.
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Reading Writing Question 8
In the 19th century, a brilliant but reclusive mathematician named Amelia Grace
spent most of her life in seclusion, working diligently on her theories of prime
numbers. Her groundbreaking work remained hidden from the world until her
death in 1864. However, it wasn't until a century later, in the 1960s, that
mathematicians stumbled upon her meticulously kept notebooks. At that time
when they delved into her writings, they began to realize the content of her works
closely related to number theory, identifying in many details about advances in
cryptography and computer science. Consequently, we can infer that __________
Which choice most logically completes the text?
A) despite Amelia Grace's obscurity during her lifetime, her work set as a
significant foundation for the preceding development of number theory.
B) development of cryptography in 19th century could not be attributed to the
works of Amelia Grace.
C) scholars could base on Amelia’s work to find out more profound theory
since there must have contained much more useful information for the
scientific foundation.
D) since her great contribution in identifying advances in cryptography and
computer science, the researchers could use her works as a educational
sources in university.
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Reading Writing Question 9
In the tropical rainforests of South America, researchers have been studying the
interactions between certain species of ants and the flora in their ecosystems.
Some ant species have developed a fascinating symbiotic relationship with
specific plants, known as Myrmecophytes, living within the hollow stems or
chambers of certain plants and provide protection to the plant from herbivores
and competing vegetation. In return, these plants offer the ants shelter and food
resources, such as nectar or specialized structures for feeding. However, it has
been observed that Myrmecophyte species are less successful in attracting and
maintaining ant colonies than the other species, Heliconia Rostrata. Therefore, it is
most reasonably be inferred that __________
Which choice most logically completes the text?
A. Heliconia Rostrata plants are more dominant vegetation in South American
rainforests than Myrmecophytes.
B. Ant species that form symbiotic relationships with the Myrmecophytes
plants can face challenges when ants build a colonies deep inside these
plants, as the ants are attacked by a noxious fluid released by
Myrmecophytes.
C. The H. Rostrata species are more effective in supplying essential
nourishment for the ants than the Myrmecophytes.
D. The presence of Myrmecophytes has a detrimental impact on other plant
species in the rainforest.
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Reading Writing Question 10
It is widely accepted that classical music, with its soothing melodies and
harmonious compositions, has a calming effect on individuals. To investigate this
further, a group of researchers led by Dr. Emily Harrison conducted an experiment
involving a sample of college students. In their study, they exposed the
participants to both classical music pieces and dissonant compositions from the
avant-garde genre. Concurrently, they monitored the participants' physiological
responses, including heart rate and skin conductivity, as indicators of stress levels.
The results of the study revealed a significant decrease in heart rate and reduced
skin conductivity when participants listened to classical music, providing empirical
evidence of its relaxation-inducing properties.
Which finding, if true, would most directly support the researchers’ claim?
A. Participants' heart rates exhibited a marked increase when exposed to dissonant
compositions compared to classical music.
B. Participants' preferences for classical music over avant-garde compositions were
influenced by their prior exposure to classical music.
C. Skin conductivity measurements indicated heightened stress levels in
participants when listening to classical music.
D. Both classical music and avant-garde compositions in the study were performed
by highly skilled musicians.
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Reading Writing Question 11
Maple syrup is created solely by the process of tapping maple trees and boiling
down the sap until it thickens into syrup. Absolutely nothing is introduced or
added during this transformation. Furthermore, this process exclusively involves
reducing the sap's water content, as water is the only element that evaporates
during the boiling process. The fact that maple syrup has a significantly higher
sugar concentration and a sweeter taste than the original sap is therefore
intriguing, given that no additional ingredients or sugars are incorporated. This
natural transition from watery sap to rich, sugary syrup without any additives
remains a remarkable culinary phenomenon.
Which factor, if true, would best explain for the paradox in the text?
A) The boiling process used to make maple syrup results in the conversion of
some of the sap's carbohydrates into sugars, which at first tastes no sweet.
B) Maple trees naturally produce sap with a high sugar content, which becomes
concentrated as water evaporates during syrup production.
C) Maple syrup production often involves the addition of sweeteners such as sugar
or corn syrup to enhance its taste and sweetness.
D) The natural enzymes present in maple tree sap break down complex sugars into
simpler sugars during the tapping and collection process.
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Reading Writing Question 12
In George Orwell's "1984," the protagonist, Winston Smith, rebels against the
oppressive government of Oceania. At a crucial point in the novel, Winston reflects
on his growing realization that the Party's control extends even to the realm of
thought, and he expresses his intention to resist.
Which quotation from "1984" best illustrates the author’s reflection?
A. "War is peace, freedom is slavery, ignorance is strength. It was all nonsense,
as they both knew. In reality, there was no escape. 'We are the dead,' he
said."
B. "Thoughtcrime does not entail death: thoughtcrime is death."
C. "He was conscious of nothing except the blankness of the page in front of
him, the itching of the skin above his ankle, the blaring of the music, and a
slight booziness caused by the gin."
D. "If there is hope, it lies in the proles."
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Reading Writing Question 13
The flavorists are tasked with giving a tantalizing taste to everything from soup to
juice to chewing gym, often to imitate a flavor found in nature at a fraction of the
cost of using the actual ingredient. The way how they replicate flavors found in
nature by using a minuscule amount of many ingredients is not readily apparent.
The label of Ingredients of Beef-and-Onion Flavoring demonstrates the
ingredients’ potency; apart from a glycerin and water base, ___________.
Which choice uses data from the table to complete the text?
A) Two major ingredients compose the bulk of the recipe.
B) The flavoring is a mixture of 0.10 to 5.00 percent of each of a series of
ingredients.
C) Each ingredient in the flavoring composes up to 10 percent of the recipe.
D) The three primary ingredients are onion powder, lactic acid, and salt.
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Reading Writing Question 14
The Grants’ most dramatic insights have come from watching the evolving bill of
the medium ground finch. The plumage of this sparrow-sized bird ranges from dull
brown to jet black. At first glance, it may not seem particularly striking, but among
scientists who study evolutionary biology, the medium ground finch is a superstar.
Its bill is a middling example in the array of shapes and sizes found among
Galápagos finches: heftier than that of the small ground finch, which specializes in
eating small, soft seeds, but petite compared to that of the large ground finch, an
expert at cracking and devouring big, hard seeds.
What is true about the medium ground finch’s bill observed by The Grants?
A) The Grants have ascertained that the medium ground finch's bill is an anomaly
in the spectrum of beak shapes and sizes within the Galápagos finch population.
B) The Grants have concluded that the medium ground finch's bill is
inconsequential compared to the bills of other Galápagos finches.
C) The Grants have inferred that the medium ground finch's bill is emblematic of
the insignificance of beak variations in evolutionary biology studies.
D) The Grants have hypothesized that the medium ground finch's bill is an
intermediary adaptation between the bills of small ground finches and large
ground finches within the Galápagos archipelago.
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Reading Writing Question 15
Renowned physicist Albert Einstein is primarily celebrated for his groundbreaking
theory of relativity, a revolutionary concept that redefined our understanding of
space, time, and gravity. But Einstein's contributions extend beyond theoretical
physics. He played a pivotal role in advocating for civil rights and social justice,
using his platform to denounce racial segregation in the United States and
promote equality. While Einstein's scientific genius is indisputable, his legacy is
further enriched by his activism, making him a multifaceted figure in history. His
commitment to both scientific exploration and social progress continues to inspire
generations around the world.
Which choice most accurately summarizes the central idea of the text?
A. Albert Einstein's advocacy for civil rights overshadowed his scientific
achievements.
B. Albert Einstein's scientific work and social activism complemented each other,
shaping his multifaceted legacy.
C. Albert Einstein's contributions to theoretical physics were limited in scope
compared to his contemporaries.
D. Albert Einstein's influence on theoretical physics remains unmatched in the field
of science.
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Reading Writing Question 16
When researching a topic, a student makes a following notes:
• The Great Wall of China is an ancient fortification and UNESCO World
Heritage Site.
• Construction of the wall began over 2,000 years ago during the Qin Dynasty
and continued over many dynasties.
• It stretches over 13,000 miles across northern China, making it one of the
most extensive architectural feats in history.
• The wall served various purposes, including defense against invasions,
trade regulation, and border control.
• Tourists from around the world visit the Great Wall to witness its historical
significance and breathtaking landscapes.
The student wants to demonstrate the history of The Great Wall of China in order
of time. Which choice best accomplishes the goal?
A) The Great Wall of China was constructed over 2,000 years ago is
acknowledged as an ancient fortification and UNESCO World Heritage Site.
B) The Great Wall of China served various purposes although its construction
is from over 2,000 years ago during the Quin Dynasty and the continued
dynasties.
C) Since it was built 2,000 years ago during the Qin Dynasty, The Great Wall of
China served various purposes, including the significant missions in
avoiding foreign invasion.
D) Stretching over 13,000 miles across northern China, The Great Wall of China
was built during the Qin Dynasty and continuously used for later dynasties
until becoming a modern historical significance destination.
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Reading Writing Question 17
When researching a topic, a student makes a following notes:
• Emily Harrison is a versatile actress known for her talent in both film and
theater.
• In 1998, she made her acting debut with a supporting role in the critically
acclaimed film "Echoes of Eternity."
• Her remarkable performance in the stage production of "The Glass
Menagerie" earned her widespread recognition and critical acclaim in 2005.
• Emily's dedication to her craft led to her winning the prestigious Best
Actress award at the National Film Awards in 2011 for her role in the movie
"Fading Echoes."
• She divides her time between Los Angeles, where she pursues her film
career, and London, where she often graces the stage with her extraordinary
theatrical performances.
The student wants to make a narrative about Emily Harrison’s success. Which
choice best serves as beginning of the story?
A) Winning the prestigious Best Actress award at the National Film Awards in
2011, Emily Harrison was known for her talent in both film and theater.
B) Known as a versatile actress known for her talent in various genres of
entertainment, Emily Harrison made her acting debut in 1998 by the role in
the “Echoes of Eternity.”
C) The life of Emily Harrison was divided between Los Angeles and London,
the two where she pursued her film career and graced the state with
theatrical performances.
D) Talent in both film and theater, the prestigious Best Actress award at the
National Film Awards was given for Emily Harrison, a versatile actress.
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Reading Writing Question 18
Faulty tree analysis was originally used in engineering to enhance safety practices
in high-risk fields, such as nuclear power and phamaceuticals, but other fields are
experimenting with ways to utilize this process to benefit their work. ______ fault
tree analysis is also being used in low-risk fields, such as social services and
software engineering.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A) Increasingly,
B) In addition,
C) In contrast,
D) Nevertheless,
Reading Writing Question 19
Many believed that the new company policy would boost employee morale and
productivity, initially by aiming to streamline processes and promoting a more
efficient work environment. ________ it led to dissatisfaction among the workers
and a decrease in overall performance.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A) On the contrary,
B) In contrast,
C) Besides,
D) Moreover,
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Reading Writing Question 20
In the bustling city, people from diverse backgrounds and cultures coexisted
harmoniously. _______ the vibrant neighborhoods showcased a rich tapestry of
traditions and cuisines. Each street seemed to tell a different story, with restaurants
offering a delightful array of international dishes.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A) In addition,
B) Alternatively,
C) In fact,
D) Similarly,
Reading Writing Question 21
The chef had a vast array of culinary skills, but her talent for baking was
exceptional. Her pastries were not only beautifully crafted but also infused with
unique flavors that left a lasting impression on anyone who tasted them.
__________ her raspberry-filled macarons were not just delicious; they were a work
of art.
Which choice most logically completes the text?
A) Particularly,
B) For example,
C) In fact,
D) Furthermore,
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Reading Writing Question 22
Humans made an unwitting but fateful choice 10,000 years ago as we started
cultivating wild plants: We chose annuals. All the grains that feed billions of people
today—wheat, rice, corn, and so on—come from annual plants, which sprout from
seeds, produce new seeds, and die every year. Not because annuals were better,
he says, but because Neolithic farmers rapidly made them _____ their seeds, for
instance, by replanting the ones from driving plants, year after year.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of
Standard English?
A. better – enlarged
B. better – enlarging
C. better, enlarged
D. better, enlarges
Reading Writing Question 23
The Parliament of England is at a great distance, subject to be misinformed and
misled by such governors and councils, ________ united interests might probably
secure them against the effect of any complaint from hence.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of
Standard English?
A) whose
B) who
C) which
D) where
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Reading Writing Question 24
Author James Patterson's fascination with crime fiction began when he discovered
a Sherlock Holmes novel as a teenager, and he later would become a prolific
mystery writer himself, penning 2 series like Alex Cross (2002) and Women's
Murder Club (2003). However, he's celebrated as one of the most successful
novelists since the publication of his first ____________
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of
Standard English?
A) novel Along Came a Spider (2001).
B) novel, Along Came a Spider (2001).
C) novel. Along Came a Spider (2001).
D) novel; Along Came a Spider, 2001.
Reading Writing Question 25
On its way from flight to fossil, an ancient beetle’s wings lost their color and then
their form Slow-baked and squished by sand, the glittering green wings darkend
and turned blue, then indigo, then black. That tale of insects' life, death and
fossilization sounds simple enough, but ____ took paleobiologist Maria McNamara
years of painstaking work to piece together.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of
Standard English?
A) its
B) they
C) them
D) theirs
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Reading Writing Question 26
This scientific theory, hailed as groundbreaking, delves into the mysteries of the
ocean's depths, uncovering hidden ecosystems teeming with life, ______ only
recently discovered.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of
Standard English?
A) some of them were
B) some of which
C) some were
D) some of them
Reading Writing Question 27
Fossilization is not a gentle process. To simulate it, _________ in pond water for 18
months, baking them at temperatures as high as 518 degrees Fahrenheit, hotter
than most home ovens, and pressures almost 500 times the atmosphere's to
simulate the crushing and heat that convert mud-trapped debris into subterranean
stone fossils.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of
Standard English?
A. researchers left the insect wings
B. the insect wings was left
C. research was conducted with insect wings left
D. researchers leaving the insect wings
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