Group-B – Project Work

Collect information about material required and procedure of making a simple electric motor and
write a report.
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FA-4 – Project Work
NAME OF THE PROJECT: “Making of Simple Electric Motor”
OBJECTIVES:
1. By doing this project I came to know what Electromagnetism is.
2. By doing this project I came to know how a motor works.
3. By doing this project I came to know how Electric motors are useful in everyday life.
4. By doing this project I came to know how Electric Motors are made.
5. By doing this project I came to know what the parts of an electric motor are.
TOOLS REQUIRED:
1. Interview
2. Reference books
X Class Physical Science SSC Textbook
X Class CBSE Text Book
3. Electric tape, D Battery, Two paper clips, Wire strippers, 24 gauge copper wire, Ceramic Disk Magnet
PROCEDURE:
INTRODUCTION:-
An electrical current through any conductor creates a magnetic field. This was discovered by Hans
Christian Oersted in 1820 when he noticed a nearby compass needle was deflected when he turned on
his electrical equipment
An electric motor is an electromechanical converter (electric machine) that converts electrical
power into mechanical power. In conventional electric motors generate current-carrying conductor coils
magnetic fields whose mutual attraction and repulsion forces are implemented in motion.
Windshield wipers, CD players, DVD recorders, blenders, ice makers, laptops, and walking toys have
in all contain electric motors. We find many electric motors hidden in electrical devices, appliances, and
toys in every room in our house. The electric motors are not always obvious in devices, and might need
to do some background research about how the devices work to discover where their motors are
hidden. Electric motors are an important, and even vital, part of our world today.
HOW TO MAKE SIMPLE ELECTRIC MOTOR
Materials Required:
1. Electrical tape 4. Wire strippers or blade

2. D Battery 5. Copper wire (24 gauge)

3. Two paper clips 6. Ceramic Disk Magnet

Part-1:- Making the Wire Coil
1. Gather all of materials. This project require copper wire (24 to 28 gauge), a magnet, electrical
tape, a D battery, and two paper clips. Also need wire strippers or a blade if wire is insulated.
2. Roll wire around a cylindrical object like a battery to make a coil. Take the D battery and wrap
copper wire around it at least 7 to 10 times with 2 inches of wire sticking out from each end. This will
create a coil that will ultimately make up the majority of the motor.
3. Loosen the coil (if necessary) and remove the battery. Pull the battery out from the top or
bottom of the loop created with the wire and set it aside.
4. Wrap each end of the wire around the coil several times. Take one end of the wire and pull it
through the coil so it wraps around the wire and helps to hold the shape of the coil. Then repeat the
process with the other end of the wire on the opposite side of the loop of the coil. Each end wrap around
the wire 2 or 3 times.
5. Tie a knot around the coil with each loose end of wire. Press the end of the wire through the
coil one more time, then run the wire through the loop that creates to secure it like a knot around the
coil. Then repeat the process on the opposite side of the coil using the other end of the wire.
6. Add electrical tape to opposite ends of the coil if it seems loose. If the loop of the coil isn’t
holding its shape well, take a small piece of tape and wrap it around the wire on the top or bottom, where
the wire ends aren’t extending out from. Use the same size piece of tape on the other side of the coil to
keep it balanced.

Part-2:- Assembling the Motor

1. Pull the wire ends out away from the coil. The extended ends of the wire should be pointed
straight out from either side of the loop and extend for around 2 inches (5.1 cm). Make sure the coil
should be even once the motor is assembled.
2. Strip off the insulation on both ends, if present. If the wire has insulation on it, use a pair of wire
strippers or a blade to slice through the insulation layer without damaging the wire, then pull the
insulation away from the wire to expose it.
3. Coat one side of each wire end with a permanent marker. Hold the coil in one hand with index
finger and thumb so the loop is standing upright and the wires are extending out to either side. Use a
permanent marker to color in just the top of the exposed wire extending out from either side.
4. Stretch out the ends of two metal paper clips. Take paper clips and unfold the ends of them so
they are straight. Leave the remaining loop of the paper clip intact. It will hold the extended ends of the
wire coil once the motor is assembled.
5. Tape the extended ends of each paperclip to opposing sides of a D battery. Lay the battery on
its side. Place the extended end of one paper clip against the positive side of the D battery and secure it
in place with a piece of tape. Then touch the extended end of the other paper clip to the negative side of
the battery and tape it in place too.
6. Slide the ends of the coil into the paperclips like a holder. Holding the battery to prevent it from
rolling insert the extended wire from one side of the coil into one of the paper clips, and then slide the
other extended end through the other paper clip
7. Use tape to secure a magnet to the battery below the coil. Place a piece of tape over the
magnet, then pick it up and stick it onto the battery centered beneath the coil. The battery will provide a
current that flows through the coil, which when coupled with the magnet, will force the coil to rotate
Part-3:- Making the Motor Run Smoothly
1. Remove or adjust anything that prevents the coil from spinning. If the coil will run into the
magnet as it spins, remove the tape holding the paper clips to either side of the battery and move them
up until the coil can clear the battery.
2. Adjust the balance by moving the paperclips to make the motor spin freely. Squeeze paper
clips in close if the ends of the wire keep popping out or bend them out further if the clips are coming
into contact with the loop of the coil itself.
3. Give the coil a little spin if it doesn’t start on its own. If the coil doesn’t begin to spin on its own,
nudge it to get it started. If it doesn’t spin, press on the tape holding the paper clips to the battery to
ensure they’re secure.
4. Try the opposite direction if it still doesn’t spin. If the motor doesn’t start spinning when
nudged in one direction, try nudging it in the opposite direction to see if that works. This motor should
only spin one way, so may need to try both directions to find the right one.

The motor will continue to spin when pushed in the right direction. The motor will not spin when
the initial push is in the opposite direction. So in this way electric motor works.

REPORTING (TABLE):
Steps in Making of Simple Electric Motor
Part [Link] Steps Picture
Making the Wire Coil

1 Gather all of materials

Roll wire around a cylindrical object like a battery to

2
make a coil.

3 Loosen the coil (if necessary) and remove the battery.

1
Wrap each end of the wire around the coil several
4
times.

5 Tie a knot around the coil with each loose end of wire

Add electrical tape to opposite ends of the coil if it

6
seems loose.
Part [Link] Steps Picture

Assembling the Motor

1 Pull the wire ends out away from the coil.

2 Strip off the insulation on both ends, if present.

Coat one side of each wire end with a permanent

3
marker

2 4 Stretch out the ends of two metal paper clips.

Tape the extended ends of each paperclip to opposing

5
sides of a D battery.

Slide the ends of the coil into the paperclips like a

6
holder.

Use tape to secure a magnet to the battery below the

7
coil.
Part [Link] Steps Picture
Making the Motor Run Smoothly

Remove or adjust anything that prevents the coil from

1
spinning.

Adjust the balance by moving the paperclips to make

2
the motor spin freely.

3 Give the coil a little spin if it doesn’t start on its own.

4 Try the opposite direction if it still doesn’t spin.

CONCLUSION:
1. Electric motors are devices that transform electrical energy into mechanical energy.
2. The means of this transformation of energy in electric motors is the magnetic field.
3. There are different types of electric motors and each type has different components whose
structure determines the interaction of the electric and magnetic flows that cause the force or
torque of the motor.
4. So I conclude that Electric motors work due to electromagnetic interactions: the interaction of
current (the flow of electrons) and a magnetic field.

RESOURCES:
1. Reference books
X Class Physical Science SSC Textbook
X Class CBSE Text Book
2. Internet
3. Science Magazines

THANKS GIVING:
I thank the person in the Electrical shop who gave me the materials required to make a simple
electric motor. I thank my teacher who helped me to collect information about how Electric motor
works. I thank my parents who supported me to do this project work.