Demo Teacher: Dominic E.

Dominguez Grade Level: 11

Teaching Date and Time: September 9, 2023 Quarter: 1st
9:30 – 10:30
.

DDETAILED LESSON PLAN ON EARTH SCIENCE

I. OBJECTIVES

The learner demonstrates understanding of:

A. Content Standards
1. the three main categories of rocks
2. the origin and environment of formation of common minerals and rocks
The learners shall be able to make a plan that the community may use to conserve and
B. Performance
protect its resources for the future generations.
Standards

The learners should be able to classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
C. Most
S11/12ES-Ic-6
Essential
Learning
Competencies
The learners should be able to classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
D. Learning
S11/12ES-Ic-6
Competencies /
Objectives.

II. CONTENT MINERALS AND ROCKS

III. LEARNING
RESOURCES

A. References K to 12 Senior High School Core Curriculum – Earth Science Curriculum Guide

1. Textbook pages Teaching Guide for Senior High School (Earth Science)
Textbook: (1) Carlson, D.H., Carlson, Plummer, C.C., and Hammersley, L., 2022.
Physical Geology 17th Edition: pg. 389-397
B. Other Learning Rock samples
Resources

V. PROCEDURES

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY

Activity (10 minutes)
I. Preliminary Activities

Good morning, class! Good morning, Sir!

Kindly stand for the opening prayer.

Marian, please lead the prayer. (Marian will lead the opening prayer.)

Before taking your seats, please arrange

your chairs and pick up any trash under
them. (Students do as told.)

Do we have any absentees today? Class

secretary, kindly list down the names of the
absentees and give it to me later.
(The class secretary checks the attendance.)
II. MOTIVATION

To start today's lesson, let's have a short

activity. We will call this “Rock Quest:
Analyze and Classify!”

I will divide the class into three groups

using a team randomizer and provide each
group with a set of rock samples. After that
you'll observe the rocks closely take down
notes regarding its the color, texture, and
appearance of each rock. After that, a
representative from your group will present
your answers.

Is that clear everyone?

Yes, Sir

Are you ready?

Yes, Sir

Here are your groups: Yes, Sir! We’re ready.

Group 1 is assigned with igneous rock,

group 2 with sedimentary rock, and group 3
with metamorphic rock.

For Group 1:

Diorite

For Group 2:

Halite
For Group 3:

Quartzite

You may now proceed with your

groupings.
(Students do as told)

Okay, let us now check your works.

(Students are given 2 minutes to present
and discuss their work in front of the class.)

Possible answers:

For Group 1:

- Typically light to dark gray, but

can also have brownish, greenish,
or bluish tints.
- Composed of visible mineral
grains of moderate size
- Speckled or mottled texture

For Group 2:

- Typically colorless, transparent, or

translucent. However, impurities
can give it a variety of colors,
including white, gray, blue, pink, or
even yellow.
- Crystalline, with a cubic crystal
structure.
- Appears glassy or waxy.

For Group 3:

- Typically white, gray, pink, red,

purple, or brown, depending on
impurities.
- Fine-grained, often with a glassy or
vitreous luster.
- Can have a banded or layered
appearance.
Great job, everyone. Give yourselves a
round of applause.

Based on this activity, what do you think

would be our topic for today?

Is it about Types of Rocks, Sir?

That’s precisely correct. Today’s topic is
about the types of rocks.
 With our new topic in mind, let us be
guided by the lesson objective:
(Everybody will read the objective)
1. classify rocks into igneous,
sedimentary, and metamorphic

III. LESSON PROPER

When we say rocks, it is basically the solid

collection of minerals. Does anyone of you
still remember what mineral means?

- Composed of visible mineral Mineral is a solid chemical element or

grains of moderate size compound that occurs naturally in the form
- Typically light to dark gray, but of crystals and results from inorganic
can also have brownish, greenish, processes.
or bluish tints.
- Speckled or mottled texture

Yes sir

That is correct. When minerals coagulate,

they form a solid mass known as a mineral
aggregate or, simply, a rock. Is that clear?
Analysis TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY
(20 minutes).
(Discussion questions and performing the
answer)

Let's return to the responses from our

activity and let’s start with group one.

Group one is responsible for igneous rock,

specifically diorite. You noted that diorite
usually ranges in color from light to dark
gray but can also exhibit brown, green, or
blue shades. Additionally, it consists of
moderate-sized mineral grains and has a
speckled or mottled texture based on its
texture and appearance.

What do you think contributes to the

appearance of this rock?
The appearance of igneous rock is mainly
due to the type of magma it cooled from
and the conditions it cooled under.
Exactly! And that is how igneous rocks are
formed. Igneous rock forms when magma
(molten rock) cools and solidifies.

This can happen either above the Earth's

surface or below the Earth's surface, and
that is why we have two types of igneous
rock, and what are those?
Intrusive and Extrusive Igneous rock
Correct! Intrusive rocks are formed when
magma cools slowly beneath the Earth's
surface, allowing for larger crystals to
form. Example of which is diorite and
granite.

While, Extrusive rocks are formed when

magma erupts onto the Earth's surface as
lava and cools quickly, resulting in smaller
crystals or even a glassy texture. Examples
of extrusive rocks include basalt and
obsidian.

Is the difference clear everyone? Yes, Sir!

Let’s move forward to group 2 -assigned
with sedimentary rocks. Based on your
answers. You said that halite is usually
colorless or translucent, but impurities can
produce various colors, and it has a
crystalline structure with a glassy or waxy
appearance. What makes halite have this
appearance? In the case of halite, the sediments are salt
crystals that form when seawater
evaporates. Over time, these salt crystals
accumulate and become compressed to
form halite rock.
You’re absolutely right. Halite is created
through the accumulation of salt crystals
that compact over time, resulting in what is
commonly referred to as rock salt.

Speaking of accumulation, that is how

sedimentary rocks are formed.

Erosion breaks down rocks and soil into

smaller particles, which are then
transported by wind, water, or ice to new
locations. These particles settle in layers,
often in water bodies, where they undergo
compaction from overlying layers and lose
water. Finally, minerals dissolved in water
precipitate between the particles, cementing
them together to form solid sedimentary
rocks. Common example of sedimentary
rocks are limestone, sandstone, shale, and
coal.

Do you understand, class?

Yes, Sir!

Any questions?
None so far, sir!

Okay, for our last group, they are assigned

with metamorphic rock, specifically
quartzite. You said that quartzite typically
appears in colors like white, gray, pink, red,
purple, or brown due to impurities, has a
fine-grained texture with a glassy luster,
and may exhibit a banded or layered look.
Why is that? Would you care to explain
your answer?
Quartzites appear in those colors due to the
presence of impurities such as iron oxides,
manganese, or other minerals. Their fine-
grained texture and glassy luster result from
the extreme heat and high-pressure
conditions.
That’s precisely correct! That is because of
extreme heat and pressure. And the process
of transforming an existing rock into a
metamorphic rock is known as
metamorphism.

Metamorphic rocks form when existing

rocks are subjected to high heat and intense
pressure, leading to the recrystallization or
rearrangement of their minerals and
resulting in a new rock with different
properties. Gneiss, quartzite, soapstone, and
phyllite are common examples of
metamorphic rocks.

Is that clear, class?

 Yes, sir!

To fully understand how rocks are formed,

Abstraction we have this thing called rock cycle. I know
it’s sound familiar to you all. Can someone
(10 minutes).
share some insights about this process?

The rock cycle is a continuous process

where rocks are constantly changing from
one type to another over millions of years.
It involves three main types of rocks:
igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.

The rock cycle is a continuous process that

describes the transformation of rocks
through various geological processes. It
illustrates how igneous, sedimentary, and
metamorphic rocks are formed, broken
down, and reformed over time.

The rock cycle is a cyclical process,

meaning that any type of rock can be
transformed into another type through
various geological processes. For example,
an igneous rock can be weathered and
eroded to form sediments, which can then
be compacted and cemented to form a
sedimentary rock. If this sedimentary rock
is subjected to high heat and pressure, it can
be transformed into a metamorphic rock.
Additionally, any type of rock can be
melted to form magma, which can then
cool and solidify to form a new igneous
rock.

Is everyone clear on the rock cycle?

Yes, sir!
Do we have any questions or clarifications?
None, sir
Application
(10 minutes).
 TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY

Let us further extend our lesson by

answering this learning check. What you’ll
do is to classify each rock as igneous,
sedimentary, or metamorphic.

Are you ready?

Yes, Sir!

Let’s begin with the first rock, what is it?

Igneous
Correct, next rock

Sedimentary
Correct, how about our next image?

Igneous
Very good, how about last image?

Metamorphic

Great job, everyone!

Rocks have been integral to human
civilization for millennia. From the earliest
tools to modern infrastructure, rocks have
played a vital role in shaping our world.
Their applications span a wide range, from
building materials to industrial processes
and even art and jewelry.

Like in this image, you might not know that

your houses contain, uses, and are made up
of rocks.

Rocks provide a stable foundation for the

house, ensuring its structural integrity. In
this image, we can identify different types
of rocks that can be found in our homes.

Can you identify the rocks in the image and

its purpose?
Students Answers:

- Limestone is a popular building

material used in structures. It is easily
cut and carved making it a popular
choice for construction.

- Marble is used for decorative features

such as on countertops and floorings.

- Slate has been traditionally cut and

used for roofing.

- Coal is a sedimentary rock used for

electricity.

- Hematite used for pipes and steels for

household objects.

- Basalt is commonly used for road

construction.

- Granite is an igneous rock and is

often used for more decorative
features such as lintels and window
sills.

- Sandstone is a sedimentary rock and

is easy to cut and carve. Sandstones
can be used as building stones for
walls, both interior and exterior.
 - Concrete blocks are now the most
common material for the construction
of walls however, stone cladding has
now become a popular practice. The
wall is constructed using concrete
blocks but thin layers of cut rock are
used to cover the surface.

Great job! Aside from construction and

infrastructure, what other application can
you think of that involves rocks?
Possible answers:

- Precious stones, such as rubies, and

sapphires, are used in jewelry
making.

- Rocks, especially marble and granite,

are popular materials for sculpting.

- Rocks are often used for decorative

purposes in gardens, landscaping,
and interior design.

- Crushed rocks are used to improve

soil drainage and fertility in
agriculture.

- Rocks like granite are used in X-ray

machines to generate the necessary
radiation.

- Rocks like sandstone and limestone

can be used as natural filters to
purify water.

- Rocks are used to study the history

of civilizations and ancient cultures.

- Rocks are often used in spiritual and

religious rituals and ceremonies.

Assessment TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY

(10 minutes) For our quiz, kindly get a whole sheet of Students do as tell
paper (crosswise).

PART 1: MULTIPLE CHOICE

Direction: Select the letter the corresponds

to your answer.

1. Which of the following is classified as

an igneous rock?

a) Limestone
b) Granite
c) Shale
d) Slate
2. What is the primary process by which
sedimentary rocks are formed?

a) Cooling and solidification

b) Compression and cementation
c) Heat and pressure
d) Weathering and erosion

3. If you find a rock that contains fossils,

which type of rock can you conclude it
is?

a) Igneous
b) Sedimentary
c) Metamorphic
d) None of the above

4. Which rock type can form from the

cooling and solidification of lava?

a) Metamorphic
b) Sedimentary
c) Igneous
d) All of the above

5. Which of the following rocks is

typically associated with high heat and
pressure?

a) Basalt
b) Marble
c) Conglomerate
d) Obsidian

PART 2: SHORT-ANSWERED
QUESTIONS

Direction: Answer each question in short

paragraphs

6-7. Compare and contrast igneous and

metamorphic rocks in terms of their
formation processes.

8-9 You are given a sample rock with a

glassy texture and no visible grains, would
you classify it as igneous, sedimentary, or
metamorphic? Justify your classification.

10. Cite one application of rocks in the real-

world.

ANSWER KEY:

1. b) Granite
2. d) Weathering and erosion
3. b) Sedimentary
4. c) Igneous
5. b) Marble
 6-7. Igneous rocks form from the
cooling and solidification of magma or
lava, while metamorphic rocks
develop from the alteration of existing
rocks under high heat and pressure.
The key difference is that igneous
rocks originate from molten material,
whereas metamorphic rocks are
transformed solid rocks.

8-9. I would classify the rock as

igneous because a glassy texture with
no visible grains typically indicates
rapid cooling of lava, preventing
crystal formation. This characteristic is
common in extrusive igneous rocks
like obsidian.

10. – construction of buildings

- jewelry
- sculpting
- designing
- drainage and fertility
- x-ray machines
- natural filters
- studying history
- spiritual and religious
ceremonies

Assignment 1. Rock Collection and Identification:

a) Collect 3 different rock samples from your local environment.

b) For each sample, observe and note the texture, color, grain size, and any
other visible characteristics.
c) Classify each rock as either igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic based
on your observations.
d) Justify your classification by explaining the characteristics that led to
your conclusion.

2. Describe the process of how fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) are formed.
Include the role of organic matter, burial, heat, and pressure in your
explanation.

3. Explain how heat from inside the Earth is harnessed to generate geothermal
energy. Describe how geothermal power plants work and the process of
converting heat into usable energy.

4. Compare fossil fuels and geothermal energy as sources of energy. Discuss their
environmental impact, sustainability, and which one you believe is more
beneficial for long-term energy use, providing reasons for your opinion.