BIOLOGY
Boiolgy wodr Lamark site Travinerious APeTT Te 180277
Pon Gerck alnguage no coad Eut Bais sit Logos )e aT E
l
Boi →living
Logos +oT study
Boiolgy →
oT sutdy about living
charaderstics fovilnig 01@RNutrition
espiation
©Dgieositn
© Reproduction
• Excretion
osme Mnai Branches of Boiolgy
→Book →The History of Animelia
@Boatny →
study of Plants
eh Historia of Planterum.
T
|heophrastis » Book →
father of Botany →
@Microbiology → study of Mcirobes
father fo Microbiology AV.. Leeuwanharah →
discovered first Bacteria
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
• Human Heart
Human Blood
Blood Vessels
Lymph
sutdy of circulatony sysetm si caled A ' ngoiolgy!
W
' iliam Harvey father of Angroolgy /circulatory sysetm.
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Opne Circulatony sysetm closed circulatory sysetm
Blood Vessels 7 Blood &
ex. Humans
Insects, Butterfly, snail
HUMAN BLOOD
→
m ael - 5,5-6 litre 7 7rfo tatal bodywegiht
femael →5-55 litre
Blood formation →bone Marrow/ Rde Bone Marsow
Embryo phase it Bolod liver Aartal dI
Ti spleen
p" of Bolod → 74. (Basic 4Alhaline)
a ndl eBea t edotee r fmpurel ada
→ Bolod si measured yb Hemocytometer
our body Increases. I
Al E
R 4-51 fo uT
B
Kdiney →Erythropoitin release orat &PARt C
* Average Temperautre of Human Bolod si 38C.
→Process of formation of Bolod cels si known as Haematopiesis.
→Bolod si a mesodermal ongon
rm
Ectode
W
m
ob A
t 3ytpes Aalyer atat &
O Endoderm →skin
Mesoderm
Endoderm
@Mesoderm →Blood, Cardiac Muscles (Heart)
@Ecotderm →Lvies, Kdiney, ulngs, Thyodi gland, Thymus galnd, ect.
Red colour of Human Bolod si due ot Harmoglobin pgiment
Haemoglobin H
(B)
Globin
Mematin/ Haem
tein
Iron Compound Globulor Pro
fe'* (ferrous)
HB male →14-16 gm1/00 ml of Bolod
female →10-12 gm/ 100ml of Bolod.
Oxygenated Blood →R de ni colour
eDoxygenated Bolod →Bule ni colour.
Cockroach →wheti colour Bolod →Hm i oylmph piment
Ocotpus →B
uel coolur Bolod →Hm
i ocynni Dgiment (presence foCoba)tl
components of Bolod
Liquid part solid part
55 % 45%
Plasma RBC (Red Blood Cells) 99%.
WBC (White Blood Cells) 0.2%
Blood Platletes 0•8%
Plasma →
Coolur→ Pale Yelow/ Yelow (due ot Bilizubin Pigment)
→Glucose +Minerals &Salt →
%
1
(Nat, K+, HCO5)
→ Protein → 71.
Albumin (Diver at dald *)
Globulin
Mani protein for fibrinogen
Bolod Cloting Pro-thrombin →Hepls ni Bolod Cloting
•Thrombin
Ablumni →Osmoregulation (Ions &Mnieral Balancing) CAdI E
Globulin →Antibodies dalla E
dT OTt aral El
Junctions →Blood di M
P ant maintain cheat El
Antibodies dollar
Body temp. at maintain aral dI
Bolod cloting
Note + Blood - RBC = Plasma
Plasma - Fibringgen =serum
SOLID PART
OR
B
C (Red Blood Cells)
aslo known sa Erythrocytes
Quantity: R
B
C >Pl >W
BC
male →5-5.5 million/ 10 ml H
B
Female →4 - 4 5 million/ 100 ml H
B
Size: RBC <L
P <W
BC
R
B
C aer mnai cels fo Bolod R
(ed coolur due ot Hacmogolbni)
Jarmation →
Bone marow feman aite Backbone A u41 and €)
Thgih bone
Lfie span →
120 days
Dehat →liver &spelen (Graveyard foR
B
C
→ viles, splen)
spleen →Bolod Bank fo Human Body
-splen
R
B
C are measured yb Hemocyot meetr
Raoil fo Bolod Palsma ot C
B
R si known sa aematocrit
R
B
C aer discovered yb AV
.. Leewanhawk.
w
hti Ogryon without Oygen
shape → Biconcare shape / Oral
Nucleus is absent ni Mature RBC.
aa
m
Girafe, Cam,el D
exupoitn →
largest C
B
Rni Onviese →Ampheuma (Ampihbieen t)
largest C
B
R ni Mammsel →Eelphant
smallest R
B
C ni Universe →Musk deer
& Mammels
C
B
Junctions of R
O It transport 0, 4 C
O
2
ar)
B + 02 —
H
→Or yhaemoglobin(100%Tranportatter
bi n( 2755%1. Trampertbo
oglodicht
H B+Ce →Carboryhaem
1B
H Cna Carry 4 molecule of Oxygen &CO2. CO2 +H20 2C03
→
C onbo n ic Aci d
4 also known sa respiratory pigment.
O
Most soluble gas ni Human Bolod →C [carbon Monoxdie)
Vitamin eB si Helful ni R
B
C formation.
(Pyrodoxin) (vitamin oB AarAl Mali Anemai)
C
B
Discases of R
→RBC at cret → Anemia
→
R
B
C der utral →
Poyle htemai so Polycyphonia.
→sickle cell Anemia →Genetic disease
R
B
C Shope = Half moon ¿boomal. siciled den biood celis
@WBC (White Blood (ells)
tes l
aslo known sa leucoyAndra & Addison.
→W
C
B are discovered yb
→Quartity → 8000 -10000/100 m
l of Bolod
→They are olngest bolod cels
RBC : WBC
600: 1
Bone Masow
→ formation →
@SSe →appros 21 days
→Nucleus si present ni W
BC
.
→Shape →Isseguler or Amoeba shaped.
→Dead &Regensates ni Lives/ Bolod.
+W
C
B provdies Immunyti ot het Humon Body.
→Ohter Names foC
W I mune cells, soldier cell, Bodyguard cal,
B →m
fighter cell, Scuanger cell, Phagocytic cel.
cells which do phagocytosess.
gytou
s proe
c s→utt m
Aocbpodt
i k
e s
eaa t1
P rg
TYPES O F WHITE BLOOD CELLS
dos
t Present I dotaosent
(6) Granulocytes Agranulocytes
1. Neutrophi l 2. Eosinophil 3. Basophil 4. Lymphocyte 5. Monocyte
Helps ni Fighis Against Produces inflammatory P r o d u c e s specific Fights off bacteria,
phagocytosis parasitic infection and allargic reactions i m mu ne r e s p o n s e s v ir u s e s a n d f un g i
тахітим minimum
)
(60-65 %
) (0-1-0'5%
8 Lymphooyte T Lymphocyte Natural Killer Cell
→Monocyets si hte largest W
C
B
*Lymphocyets si het smalest W
B
C
.
Basophil &Eosinophil Neutrophil Monocyet +Lymphocyet
Ist level Immunity Ind Devel Immunyti
→
nonliving (infection) Lvinig infection) level Immunyti
Advance(future)
Voccination
Bassphil +Esniophali→ Alergy, dust, polutant, Pani,t et.
Lidentify anal &Outside particle la eS
ti Hsiatmnie Chemcial release and IE
a rBilarti bepileadi dei tofato ne s
tI inflamentry Radoin and El
Redness →pain →cellsdead →
Heat
slap.
example →
4H
ipajnedarat&1
Anit cloting factor
Neutrophils →Lvinig infection (Bacteria, fungi, Protozoan
Virus
Monocyet &Lymphocyet →
Advance level m
I unyti (Impure living)
ner"
f atherofVocci nati on+'"Edwerd4Tensmall Pox ant Vaccine
SMALLPOX→ Varilo Visus # dA EI
Lymphocyet
Thymus Galnd Atax mautre ad $1
→
I S →Tlymphocyte dei ti uat 1&
I AD
HV
Disease →W
C
B t arit →
"Leucopenai" Immunyti olv
W
BC ded 4141 →Leukemia (Blood Cancer)
.3 Blood Platletes!
also known as Thrombocyles
Quantiy = 4-5 lakh/100 em BH (15 !lakhงrim-um55. lakh)
formation → orfm het megakanytes present ni Bone Maso.
Life span →8 -01 Days
Death → Blood/Spleen
shape →Ianegular shaped.
function →Bolod Cloting
cloting Aregunied cacluim adi
(Plama d) (dengadcat #)
Prothrombin + Thromboplastin (facotr )a
Thrombin
(de-actuated) Autivem
oref
tI deactivates "Hiperin"
@factor I ACa" aer catalyst for reaction.
L,It si discovered yb Chistmas os known sa Chistmas factor.
› fibrin
@ Fibrinagen
@ Fibrin +Platletes x Bolod Cloting. /Bolod Cogulation
Thrombin/Pepsin →Catalyst for @ reaction.
V
am
tini →alyt ofr @reacoin.
oã d a A dua Afacton Is" Al dadi at Dsicase al Haemophail E
T
Royal dsicase odo dI
Cloting m
Tie →
3-5 m
ni
Clating inside Body →Thrombosis ( 4141 Pletetes)
Platletes dit →oNBolod Cloting
RBC: WBC : Platletes
600: 1 : 4 0
BLOOD G R O U P
A
(BO sysetm)
, , )0
(AB 8 Blood Group da di
B
oold Gorup ft discovery "Calr Landsteinnes 1900 ts d 2A,
stãn Pro 1930d sãè Medicine DNobel Prize Pael JRTI
B
A Bolod Group 1902 F Decastelo site Adriano stusli Aa et,
Blood Group Antigen Anbitody Donate Accept
A
, A
B A, 0
b B, A
B B, 0
AB a, b AB A, B, AB, 0
A
B 1 A, BA
, B, 01
R
re agannaeed P
Aann sein ssiteasottr i &kes ti usdene
gite
Angiten A
t ed nd aà &,AB
→R
B
C ni surface R E fT E
A ne Angiten d aet E
H
R
T Bolod Gorup IE
AAngiten A t Bolod Group A
B Antigen At Bolod Group B
B
A, (Hai)Antigen A
t Bolod Group B
A
anst Angiten adt A
t Bolod Gorup 0
→
C
B
Rhd saofue eTD
eti epT
ynaAnzedi Eat &uert oppanti A
oilraidy
Group A Group B Group AB Group O
Red blood
AB
cell type
Antibodies
ni plasma
Anti-B Anti-A None Anti-A and Anti-B
Antigens ni
red blood
B antigen A and B
cell Aantigen None
antigens
1940 Ä Landitnnes Seti wnines i RHfacolr atf dncovery A
tI
L"Phesus Monkey" fa C
B
R RT SE7HT
E
d cli Angiten Te PRl D-Angiten
h Antigen aed d1
TI R
Aet Human AC
B
R FT D-Angiten Present &H
JA
T
h Bolod Group +ev -ve.
3T
H Group
öR D-Anligen Absent dì Blood
Rh+ deraet → Rh+ Rh Erte → Rhi/Rh+
Rh+ Aeett
→Rht/Rh Acsept →Rhi
ABt is universal reciever Blood Group.
0 is universal doner Blood Group.
Q
: 3JR Parents onl Bolod Group At, B'Édt dert no Bolod Gorup Get dAral
Aox le lo datnd aot sual den te addantat)
AO → A Blood Group
Bo → B Blood Group
AB AO BO 0 0
25%. 25% 25 / 25%
00 → 0 Blood Group.
One has A
B Blood Group other has OBlood Group.
AB X 00
А
О, АО, Во, О
В
50% →ABlood Group
50% → B Blood Group
Eryhtro blastoris foetalis.-
351al first Baby →live
Treatment →Anit D Durg
Bombay Blood Group
O Blood Group al dee Behave dadi El
INRA Blood Group →seven people ni susat India
EXTRA INFORMATION
• Kymograph si used ot measure Bolod pressure.
• Blood Bank A "Cacluim Citrati" a "Sodium Oxalate" use far cat t
aid, Bolod I Cloting TI dI
Artificial Hpianri → f savila fo lech)
Harudni (obatnied orm
• Thalassemia is a type of Hereditary Bolod disorder
→ Body produces oto little or on Hemogolbni
