Environmental Laws and Policies in India
Slide 1: Title Slide
Title: Environmental Laws and Policies in India
Subtitle: A Chemistry Seminar Presentation
Presented by: [Your Name]
Date: [Insert Date]
Slide 2: Introduction to Environmental Laws
• Definition of Environmental Laws
• Objective: Protect natural resources, public health,
and biodiversity
• Importance in the context of sustainable
development
Slide 3: Historical Background
• Early concerns: Wildlife conservation in ancient
India
• Constitutional provisions (Article 48A, 51A(g))
• Bhopal Gas Tragedy (1984): Catalyst for strict
environmental regulations
Slide 4: The Environment Protection Act, 1986
• Enacted after the Bhopal disaster
• Comprehensive framework for environmental
protection
• Empowerment of central government to take
measures
Slide 5: The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution)
Act, 1981
• Purpose: Prevent and control air pollution
• Central and State Pollution Control Boards (CPCB,
SPCB)
• Penal provisions for polluters
Slide 6: The Water (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act, 1974
• Focus: Prevention of water pollution
• Establishment of Pollution Control Boards
• Penal actions for industrial polluters
Slide 7: The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
• Objective: Protection of endangered species and
biodiversity
• Establishment of wildlife sanctuaries and national
parks
• Schedules for species classification
Slide 8: The Forest Conservation Act, 1980
• Aim: Prevent deforestation and conserve forests
• Regulation of forest land diversion for non-forest
purposes
• Penalties for illegal logging
Slide 9: The National Green Tribunal (NGT)
• Established in 2010
• Role: Expedite environmental dispute resolution
• Case study: Success in the Yamuna River clean-up
Slide 10: International Commitments
• India’s participation in global agreements:
o Paris Agreement (2015)
o Kyoto Protocol (1997)
o Montreal Protocol (1987)
Slide 11: Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016
• Banning single-use plastics
• Promoting recycling and extended producer
responsibility
• Challenges in enforcement
Slide 12: Hazardous Waste Management Rules, 2016
• Regulation of hazardous industrial waste
• Safe disposal methods
• Provisions for e-waste management
Slide 13: Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016
• Safe handling and disposal of medical waste
• Role of healthcare institutions
• Monitoring and compliance mechanisms
Slide 14: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
• Mandatory for large-scale projects
• Public consultation process
• Criticism: Concerns about dilutions in 2020 Draft
EIA notification
Slide 15: Renewable Energy Policies
• National Solar Mission
• National Wind-Solar Hybrid Policy
• Achievements in renewable energy generation
Slide 16: Role of Judiciary in Environmental Protection
• Key judgments:
o M.C. Mehta vs. Union of India (Taj Mahal case)
o Vellore Citizens’ Welfare Forum vs. Union of
India (pollution control)
• Public Interest Litigations (PILs) for environmental
issues
Slide 17: Role of Chemistry in Environmental Policies
• Monitoring pollution levels (air, water, and soil)
• Development of green chemistry techniques
• Innovations in waste management technologies
Slide 18: Challenges in Implementation
• Industrial non-compliance
• Lack of public awareness
• Insufficient funding for enforcement bodies
Slide 19: Case Study: Ganga Action Plan
• Launched in 1985 to clean the Ganga River
• Achievements and failures
• Role of Namami Gange Mission (2014)
Slide 20: Community Participation
• Role of NGOs in environmental conservation
• Promoting sustainable practices at the grassroots
level
• Examples: Chipko Movement, Narmada Bachao
Andolan
Slide 21: Future Perspectives
• Strengthening laws for climate resilience
• Encouraging public-private partnerships
• Focus on clean energy technologies
Slide 22: Summary
• Recap of key environmental laws and policies
• India’s proactive steps in international
commitments
• Role of enforcement and innovation in achieving
sustainability
Slide 23: Quiz/Interactive Session (Optional)
• Question 1: Which Act was enacted after the
Bhopal Gas Tragedy?
• Question 2: Name the schedules under the Wildlife
Protection Act.
• Question 3: What is the purpose of the EIA
process?
Slide 24: Thank You Slide
• Thank you for your attention!
• Questions and Discussions
