TECHNICAL REPORT

ON

STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)

HELD AT

MARYAM ABACHA WOMEN AND CHILDREN HOSPITAL

BY

ADEKOLA ESTHER
FPT/KND/SST/SLT/ND/00048

SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE LABORATORY

TECHNOLOGY, SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,
FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC KAURA NAMODA ZAMFARA STATE

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT TO THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE

AWARD OF NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN SCIENCE LABORATORY
TECHNOLOGY (S.L.T)

DECEMBER, 2023

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

All praise be to Almighty God the beneficent and the most merciful, appreciation to God
Almighty the creator of Heaven and Earth for his infinite and steadfast love, mercy, goodness
and faithfulness that are new every morning for seeing through this 4 solid months in my IT.

Finally I regard my gratitude thanks to my beloved sisters and brothers for encouraging me
throughout my four months IT may the almighty God bless them Ameen.

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1.1 INTRODUCTION

The student Industrial Work Experience (S.I.W.E.S) is accepted skills training

programme, which forms part of the approved minimum academic standards in
various programmes in both Nigerian Universities and Polytechnics.
It is an effort to bridge the gap existing between theory and practice of engineering
and technology, sciences, agriculture, medical, management and other professional
educational programmes in Nigerian tertiary institutions.
It is aimed at exposing students to machines and equipment, professional work
methods and ways of safe-guarding the work areas and workers in industries and
other organisations.
For S.I.W.E.S to be effectively implemented in the various requisite disciplines, job
specifications peculiar to various disciplines need to be clearly and uniquely outlined
to make it possible for students to profit adequately from the exercise, job
specification therefore, is the breakdown of, or packaging of, a discipline into various
tasks and task elements, which would serve as a major guide not only for the students
in industrial attachment but also for the industrialists (NUC, 1988). Thus, job
specification involves the itemisation of the tasks the university or polytechnic
students are expected to perform while on industrial attachment along the lines of the
theoretical knowledge imparted in the classroom.
1.2 Historical Development of S.I.W.E.S
The government decree No. 478th October, 1971 as amended in 1990 highlighted the
capacity building of human resources in industry, commerce and government through
training and retraining of workers in order to effectively provide much needed high
quality goods and services in dynamic economy as ours. This decree led to the
establishment of Industrial Training Fund (ITF) in 1973/1974.
The growing concern among our industrialists that graduates of our institutions of
higher learning, lack adequate practical background studies preparatory for
employment in industries led to the formation of student industrial work experience
scheme (S.I.W.E.S) by ITF in 1993/1994. The Industrial Training Fund (ITF) came
out with a study in 1973 and in the study it discovered that there was a wide gap
existing between the theory and practice of engineering technology and allied
disciplines in Nigeria schools. To bridge the gap, Industrial Training Fund (ITF)
established a cooperative industrial partnership programme between industries and

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 institutions of higher learning. The programme provides the need for on the job
practical experience for students undergoing courses that demand exposure to
industrial skills. The programme called “Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme
(SIWES)” is designed to expose students of professional studies to enable them
appreciate the real life situation and operational techniques of their various course of
studies.
1.3 Definition of SIWES
The student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) is a skill training programme
which form part of the approved minimum academic standard Degree/Diploma/NCE
programme, it seeks to bridge the gap existing between the theory and practical aspect
of Engineering, Technology, Science and other professional programmes in the
Nigerian tertiary institutions.
1.4 Bodies under SIWES
The bodies under SIWES are:
i. The Government
ii. Industrial Training Fund (ITF)
Other supervising agencies are:
i. National Universities Commission (NUC)
ii. National Board for Technical Education (NBTE)
iii. National Council for Colleges of Education (NCCE)
The functions of these agencies above include among others to:
i. Ensure adequate funding of the scheme
ii. Establish SIWES and accredited SIWES unit in the approved institutions.
iii. Supervise students at their places of attachment and signing their log book and
ITF forms.
iv. Ensure payment of allowances for the students and supervisors.
1.5 Purpose of the SIWES
i. The purpose of SIWES is to give students the opportunity to learn more
about their field of specialization.
ii. To get more practical experience and exposure at their work places in their
relevant fields.
iii. It encourages technical education and man power development in a developing
country like ours.

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 iv. It is also aimed at exposing students to machines and equipment, professional
work methods and ways of safe guarding the areas of their work and workers
in industries and organisations.
1.6 Objectives of SIWES
Specifically, the basic objectives of SIWES are to:
i. To expose students to modern challenges relating their course of study and
equipment that may not be available in the institution.
ii. To inspire students about their earning and grants them the opportunity of
updating their knowledge.
iii. To prepare the students for the work situation they are likely to meet after
graduation.
iv. Make transition from the polytechnic to make work easier and thus enhance
students contact for later job placement after graduation.
v. Expose students to work methods and machinery that may not be available in
the institution.
vi. To provide an avenue to students in the institution for higher learning to
required industrial skills and experiences in their course of study.
1.7 Importance of the SIWES
i. it strengthen links between the employers, universities and industrial training
fund (ITF).
ii. It exposes students to more practical work methods and techniques.
iii. It also prepares the students for the labour market after graduation.
iv. It provides students with an opportunity to apply their theoretical knowledge
in real life situation.
1.8 History and background of Anoor Clinic
Anoor Clinic was established in the year 2011 and was registered with CAC and
ministry of health Katsina state.
The Clinic as 15 beds capacity with pharmacy, medical laboratory and diagnostic
section, ultrasound section the services rendered including antenatal, delivery and
surgery, company and family medical retain ship, internal medicine and admissions.
No. 5 Kofar Sauri Behind custom Office Katsina state
.

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 Objective of Anoor Clinic
1 It is a registered hospital so therefore it is used to conduct clinical diagnostic
analysis.
2 Routine and reference and laboratory test.
3 They conduct appropriate and stand to ensure compliance with standards
pecifications

ORGANOGRAM

DIRECTOR OFFICE

CONSULTANT CONSULTANT
WARD 1 WARD 2

Female Male- Amenity Children Post-

-ward ward -ward -ward natal

Treat Labour- Lab.- Theatre

ment room room -room

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2.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE WORKERS AND DIFFERENT SECTIONS AND
WARDS IN THE HOSPITAL
The lab. Scientist introduced us to the staffs in the hospital and different
Sections in the hospital. The staffs include 4 medical doctors, 5 nurses, 2 lb
technicians, a pharmacist and various domestic staffs.
We were also introduced to different sections which include:
1. Amenity ward: they are also known as private ward, meant for single patients.
2. Child ward: are wards mainly for chidren(infants)
3. Female ward: are wards for female sexes
4. Male ward: are wards for the male sexes
5. Postnatal: is a ward meant for patient after delivery
6. Theatre: this is where surgeries are been done
7. Treatment ward: is where patients are been treated.
8. Procedure ward: is where patients do domestic things e.g. changing of clothes
e.t.c.
9. Consulting room: this u where the doctor attends to the patients.
10. Labour room: this is where delivery is done(baby delivery)
2.2 RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THE ORGANIZATION
We were further introduced to the rule and regulations of the hospital and some safety
rules of the laboratory
They include:
 Wear protective clothes (laboratory coat gown) over normal clothing preferably. Wear
closed shoes and not walk barefooted in the laboratory
 Avoid eating, drinking, or chewing gums in the laboratory
 Specimens and infected material should be handked with care.
 Nothing should be pipette with the mouth gummed labels should not be licked either.
Nor should pens or pncils should be put in thr mouth, or stuck in the air
 Protective gloves or plastic aprons should be worn when collecting blood samples for
hepatitis, AIDS, or viral hemorrhagic fever investigation
 Used needle should be inserted back into it guard immediately after used.
 Process specimens or cultures containing highly infectious pathogens in the safety
cabinet.
 Any cuts/insect bites, open sore or wounds should be covered with water prove
adhesive dressing.
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  Finger nails should be kept short
 In case of any spillage or disinfectant solution should be proved to cover the spilled
and left for 15 minutes before cleaning up.
Laboratory safety rules:

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3.1 INTRODUCTION TO LABORATORY
Laboratory Equipments, Apparatus and Reagents
Laboratory equipments can be defined as the materials or apparatus used to carry
out laboratory test or laboratory experiments, which may be made up of glass plastic,
rubber or wooden materials.
They include:

1. Pipette
2. Needle and syringe
3. Centrifuge
4. Specimen bottle
5. Microscope
6. Haematocrit reader
7. Refrigerator
8. Glass slide
9. Cotton wool
10. Spirit or acetone
11. Tourniquet
12. Beaker
13. Widal kit
14. Capillary tube
15. Test-tube/test rack
16. Alcoholic swab
17. Glucometer
18. Blood bag
19. EDTA bottle
20. Test strip
21. Cover slip
22. Rubber pipette e.t.c

Syringe: they are non-pyrogenic and non toxic, they are intended for single use. They
are used to collect blood samples.

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  Test Tube/Test-Rack: These are used for keeping blood before configuration.

 EDTA Bottle: This is use for the collection of blood sample to prevent the blood
from clotting.

Glass Slide: This is used for making blood films and in preparation of other samples to be
view under microscope.

 Cover Slip: This is used to make blood smear.

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 Test Strips: These are of various types; they are used for different kind of test such as
SPT, RVS, VDRL and HBsAg/HCV e.t.c depending upon the request.

 Capillary Tube: This is a thin narrow tube used for collecting specimen for PCV
(Packed Cell Volume).

 Microscope: microscope is used to magnify a small object or to magnify the fine

details of a larger object in order to examine minute specimens that cannot be seen by
the naked eye.

 Swab: This is the combination of cotton wool and spirit for sterilize.

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 Tourniquet: used to stop bleeding by stopping flow of blood through a large artery in
the limb.

Glucometre Machine: This is used for measuring blood glucose, it utilize magnetic
code test strip for its measurement.

 Blood bag/Blood bank: These bags are used for storing donated blood and kept in
blood bank

 Centrifuge Machine: It is used for spinning blood i.e obtaining deposit from liquid
substance e.g blood from serum.

 Refrigerators: It is used for storing specimen for further usage and keeping them in a
moderate temperature.

 Haematocrit reader: A hematocrit reader for providing an indication of the ratio of

packed cell volume relative to the plasma volume in a blood sample in a
microhematocrit capillary tube wherein the blood sample has undergone
centrifugation to produce a separation between the packed cell volume and the plasma

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  Rubber pipette: It is used to pick liquid samples e.g. blood, urine and water

 Beaker: It is used to accumukate substance or mixing (both liquid and solid) water or
reagents during preparation

And Some of the reagents include:

I. Widal kits(salmonella antigen set)
II. Immersion oil
III. Agglutinating antisera(A,B&D)
IV. Buffer solutions
V. Field stain A&B

Aggultinating Antisera
Salmonella Antigen set
field-stain A&B

Immersion oil

3.2 BLOOD SAMPLE COLLECTION

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 Aim: to learn how to collect blood sample from a patient.
Apparatus/Reagents: syringe&needle, tourniquet, EDTA bottle, cotton wool, swab.
Method/procedure:
 The patient was relaxed and asked to sit.
 The patient arm/wrist was tied with a tourniquet.
 The region of the blood collection was cleaned with an alcoholic swab to make the
veins more visible
 The needle was fixed in the syringe and the upper part of the needle was used to
collect to carefully pirce through the vein seen on the site
 The syringe was gently drawn so as to let the blood into it
 After enough blood was withdrawn, the needle was withdrawn from the site, and
the site was cleaned with cotton wool and covered immediately.
 The blood was filled in an EDTA bottle as it was meant for a biology test. But if it
is required for a chemistry test, it might be left n the syringe.

Diagram:

Precautions:
 It was ensured that all safety measure were adhered to.
 It was also ensured that the specimen was handled with care.
Conclusion:
At the end of the experiment, the aim which was to learn how to collect blood
samples was achieved successfully.

3.3 RVS

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 This is an abbreviation which means “retroviral screening”. It is the test for HIV
antibodies in the blood. The test can determine whether the patient has HIVfrom 3-12
after infection.
Title: RVS
Aim: to test for HIV antibodies in a iven sample
Materials needed: centrifuge, rubber pipette, RVS strip........
Procedure:
 The blood sample collected was spinned in a centrifuge machine for a few
minutes so as to obtain its serum.
 A few drops of the serum were dropped on an identified part of the strip.
 The strip was left for a few minutes to allow the serum flow through
Diagram:

Observation/result:
The result would be read based on the appearance of the control and test line.

Precaution:
 It was ensured that the result was clear before reading and recording.
 It was ensured that hand-gloves were worn o avoid infection.
Conclusion:
At the end of the experiment, the aim which was to test for HIV antibodies was
achieved successfully
3.4 BLOOD GROUPING
This is the classification of blood based on the presence or absence of substance on
the surface of red blood cells(RBCs). These antigen may be protein, carbonhydrate,
glucose-protein, glocol-lipids, depending on the blood system.
In other words, it is the process of grouping of blood i.e. to determine what blood
group a blood belongs to.
Title: blood grouping
Aim: to determine the blood group of a given blood sample.
Materials needed: lancet, white clean tiles, mixer, cotton wool, antiserum A,B,&D.

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 Method or procedure:
 The left thumb of the patient was pricked with a lancet
 A few drops of blood was dropped in 3 different portions
 Antiserum A,B&D was dropped on each portion of the blood on the tiles.
 It was then mixed and rocked for a few minutes to notice the agglutination.
 The agglutination was observed carefully.
DIAGRAM:

Observation/result:
Antisera A Antisera B Antisera D Results
AB+ve

AB-ve

A-ve

B-ve

B+ve

O+ve

O-ve

Keys:
----- Agglutination.
------- No agglutination

Precaution:

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  It was ensured that handgloves were worn yo aavoid infection
 It was ensured that sterilized and sealed needle was used to collect the lancet
 It was ensured that blood sample clotted was treated with anticoagulant for it
to liquidify.
Conclusion:
At the end of the experiment, the aim which wa to determin the blood group of a
blood specimen was achieved successfully
3.5 WIDAL TEST
Aim: to perform widal test for a given blood sample of a patient.
Apparatus/materials needed: syringe/needle, tourniquet, cotton wool, swab, EDTA
bottle, centrifuge, white clean tiles, rubber pipette, widal kit, rod.
Procedure:
 The blood of the patient was collected an filled in an EDTA bottle
 It was spinned in a centrifuge to obtain its serum
 The serum was dropped in a white clean tile in 8 different portions with the
rubber pipette.
 Each surface antigen was dropped respectively on the portions of blood
dropped.
 It was mixed with the rod and rocked for a few minutes.
Diagram:

Observation:
The agglutination of Widal test ranges from 20, 40, 80, 160 &320. Depending on how
much te agglutination is.
Results:
20- normal
40- normal
80- Significant titre
160- high

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 320- Dangerous

Precautions:
 It was ensured that the agglutination was observed carefully.
 It was ensures that gloves were worn to avoid infection.
Conclusion:
At the end of the experiment, the aim which was to perform widal test for a given
blood sample was achieved successfully.
3.6 PCV (PACKED CELL VOLUME)
This is used to measure the amount of RBCs(red blood cells) present in the blood. It is
also used to diagnose polychthemia, anemia and dehydration. The test is used to
determine whether an individual is fit to have blood transfusion . the test may also be
repeated to check whether the blood transfusion has worked effectively.
Principle:
When whole blood is subjected to a v ery high centrifugal force in a capillary tube,
the cellular and non cellular components are separated. The portion occupied by the
red blood cells(cellular components) is measure and expressed as a percentage of the
whole blood.
Materials needed:
Blood sample, cotton wool, plasticine/flame, heparinised capillary tube,
microhaematocrit reader, needle/syringe, EDTA bottle.
Method/procedure:
 Tourniquet was used to tighten ghe upper arm of the patient.
 Swab was used to clea the upper arm
 Needle/syringe was inserted into the vein and blood was drawn out
 The blood sample was poured in an anticoagulant container(EDTA bottle)
 Heparinised capillary tube was filled with blood to three-fourth level of the tube.
 One edge of the capillary tube was sealed with flames.
 The capillary tube was slot into the groove of the centrifuge with the sealed end
touching the rubber lining with the open end face the centre core of the machine
 The centrifuge was spinned at a predetermined speed of 12,000 revolution(12,000
rpm) for 5 minutes
 The centrifuge was allowed to stop after spinning the capillary tube.
 The volume of the PCV w as read by using haematocrit reader.
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 Diagram:

Conclusion:
At the end of the experiment, the aim was successfully achieved.
3.5.1 Blood PT (Pregnancy Test)
Pregnancy test is a psychological test to determine whether a woman is pregnant or
not.
A pregnancy test measures hormones in the body called H.C.G.(human chorionic
gonadotropin). It appears in the blood or urine of pregnant woman as early as 10days
after conception.
Aim: To perform pregnancy test for a given specimen
Apparatus/materials:
Blood sample, electric centrifuge, needle/syringe, tourniquet, EDTA bottle, pregnancy
strip, cotton wool.
Procedure/method:
 The swab was used to clean the site, tourniquet was used to tighten the upper arm.
 The blood sample was collected in an EDTA bottle.
 The blood sample was arranged in a centrifuge.
 The centrifuge was switched on and the blood was spinned.
 The centrifuge was allowed to stop and the spinned sample was removed.
 Few drops of serum was dropped on an identified part of the pregnancy strip.
 Control line and test line were observed.
 And the results was recorded

Diagram:

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 Precautions:
 It was ensured that handgloves were worn to prevent infection
 It was ensured that the specimen was handld with care to avoid spillage.
Conclusion:
At the end of the experiment, the aim was achieved successfully.
3.5.2 HBsAg(hepatitis B surface antigen)
HBsAg strip: HBsAg test strip is a rapid, qualitative test for the detecton of hepatitis
B surface antigen in the whole of serum, blood and plasma to aid the diagniis of
hepatitis B viral infection.
Hepatitis B
Is a serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus(HBV). for some people,
hepatitis B infection becomes chronic, meaning it lasts more than 6 months. Having
chronic hepatitis B increases your risk of developing liver failure, liver cncer,
cirrhosis- a condition that causes permanent scarring of the liver.
Most people infected with hepatitis B as adults recover fully, even if their signs and
symptom are several, infants and children are more likely to develop a chronic
hepatitis B infection. Its symptoms include: abdominal pain, dark urine, fever, joint
pain, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, weakness and fatigue, yellowing of your
skin and the white of your eyes(jaundice).
Aim: to test for HBsAg in a given blood sample
Apparatus/materials needed:
Blood sample, centrifuge, needle/syringe, tourniquet, EDTA bottle, cotton wool,
HBsAg strip.
Procedure/method:
 Swab was used to clean the site, tourniquet was used to tie upper arm.

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  The blood sample was collected in an EDTA tube with the coupled
needle/syringe.
 The blood sample was arranged n the centrifuge and spinned fr about 5
minutes.
 A few drops of serum obtained was dropped on the HBsAg strip
 It was left for a few minutes.
 The result was read afterwards.
Diagram:

Precaution:
 It was ensured that hand-gloves were worn to prevent infection.
Conclusion:
At the end of the experiment, the aim which was to test for hepatitis B virus was
successfully achieved
3.6 RBS&FBS TEST
Random blood sugar is a sugar test done randomly(at random interval), while fasting
blood sugar is a sugar test done after the patient have been starved for a period of time
and it is mostly done in the morning before having breakfast.
Apparatus/materials needed:
Glucometer, lancet, strip, cotton wool, swab.
Procedure:
 The swab was used to clean the left thumb of the patient.
 The left thumb of the patient was pricked with a lancet.
 A drop of blood was dropped on the strip attached with the glucometer.
 After ten seconds, the result would be shown on the glucometer.

Diagram:

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 Precautions:
 It was ensured that hand-gloves were worn
 It was ensured that the site was cleaned with a cotton wool.
Conclusion:

At the end of the experiment, the aim which was to test for the blood sugar of the
patient was achieved successfully.

3.6.1 MPS(malaria parasite screening)

Malaria parasite screening tests for plasmodium species in the blood. There are two
different ways of carrying out this test. Namely:
 Using strip
 microscopy
Title: MPS
Aim: to test for plasmodium species in a given blood specimen using strip.
Apparatus/materials needed):
MP strip, picker, buffer, syringe/needle, tourniquet, EDTA bottle, swab, cotton wool.
Diagram:

Method/procedure:
 The patient’s blood was collected using the syringe and needle and was filled in
an EDTA bottle to avoid clotting.
 A few drops of blood was picked and dropped on an identified part of the strip.
 About 2 drops of buffer was dropped on the strip also.
 It was allowed to flow through for a few minutes and the result was read based on
the appearance of the control and test line.
Observation;
The result was read based on the appearance of the control and test ine.

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Conclusion:
At the end of the experiment, the aim which was to execute MPS was achieved
successfully.
MPS(Microscopy)
Microscopy is the process of viewing micro-organisms or substance under the
influence of a microscope.
In other words, this method of malaria test helps knowing the type of plasmodium
specie present by viewing them under the microscope.
The plasmodium species that infect humans for malaria include: plasmodium
falciparum, plasmodium malariae, plasmodium vivox, plasmodium ovule and
plasmodium knowlesi.
Title: MPS
Aim: to perform MPS for a given sample using microscopy.
Apparatus:
Tourniquet, EDTA bottle, glass-slide, syringe/needle, swab, cotton wool, glass-slide,
immersion oil, microscope, field stain A and B.
Method/procedure:
 The blood sample was collected using a needle/syringe.
 A few drops of blood was spread on the glass-slide, and was left to dry.
 It was stained with field stain A and field stain B and was rinsed after each
stains with water.
 It was left to dry.
 A drop of immersion oil was dropped on the specimen on the slide.
 The specimen was now vied under the influence of an electronic microscope.
Diagram:

Blood film for microscopy

Precaution:
 It was ensured that hand-gloves were won to avoid infection.
 It was also ensured that the plasmodium specie was observed carefully.
Conclusion:

xxiii
 At the end of the experiment, the aim which was to perform widal test using
microscopy was achieved successfully.
3.6.2 HCV
Title: hepatitis C virus
Aim: to pest for hepatitis C virus in a give sample.
Apparatus/materials needed: HCV strip, rubber pipette, tourniquet, syringe/needle,
EDTA bottle, swab, cotton wool, centrifuge.
Diagram:

Method/procedure:
 The blood of the patient was collected with syringe/needle and was immediately
filled in an EDTA bottle.
 The blood pecimen was spinned in the centrifuge for a few minutes.
 A few drop of serum was dropped on the pad of the strip.
 It was left to flow for a few minutes.
 The result was read based on the appearance of the control and test line.
Precautions:
 It was ensured that hand-gloves were worn to avoid infection.
 It was also ensured that the blood specimen was handled with care.
Conclusion:
At the end of the experiment, the aim which was to test for HCV was achieved
successfully.

3.6.3 Anticoagulants
Anticoagulants are chemical substances that prevents blood from clottingeven when
been kept for a long period of time.

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 In other words they prevent the blood from coagulating.

Diagram:

3.6.4 Urinalysis
Urinalysis is said to be the urine analysis. It is defined as an examination of the urine
to determine the general health of the body and specifically, kidney function, usually
including measurement of PH, test for protein, gucose, ketones, blood e.t.c. and
microscopic evaluation of sediment obtained by centrifuge.
Title: urinalysis
Aim: to examine the urine of the patient.
Apparatus: urinalysis strip, urinalysis reader(container).
Procedure:
 The patients urine was collected in a urine container.
 The urinalysis strip was completely dipped into the urine and was left to dry.
 The result would be read according to the colour chart.
Diagram:

Precaution:
 It was ensured that the colours were observe carefully.

xxv
  It was also ensured that hand-gloves were worn to avoid contact with the
urine.
Conclusion:
At the end of the experiment, the aim which was to examine the patient’s urine was
achieved successfully.

3.6.5 VDRL
Venereal disease research laboratory(VDRL) is the test for syphilis. It is designed to
assess whether you have syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection(STI). The test
doesn’t require to fast or stop taking any medication.
Title: VDRL
Aim: to test for syphilis in a given specimen.
Apparatus: tourniquet, swab, cotton wool, syringe/needle, EDTA bottle, rubber
pipette, VDRL strip, centrifuge.
Method:
 The patient’s blood was collected with needle/syringe and was filed in an EDTA
bottle.
 It was spinned in a centrifuge for about 5minutes.
 A few drops of serum was dropped on an identified part of the strip and was
allowed to flow.
 The result was recorded based on the appearance of the control and test line.
Diagram:

Precaution:
 it was ensured that hand-gloves were worn to avoid infection.
 It was also ensured that the blood specimen was handled with care.

Conclusion:

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 At the end of the experiment, the aim which was to test for syphilis for a given
specimen was achieved successfully.

3.6.6 Cross-matching:
This is the process of transferring/donating of specimen from one person to another.
This include series of tests to be done to a donor when he/she wants to donate
specimen(blood) to a patient or to an hospital or blood bank. The tests are done to
know whether the donor is fit and legible to donate.
These tests include PCV, HCV, HBsAg, VDRL, RVS e.t.c.
3.6.7 H.pylori test strip(ulcer).
Helicobacter pylori is a gram negative microaerophilic spiral bacterium usually found
in the stomach. Its helical shape is thought to have evolved in order to penetrate the
mucoid lining of the stomach and thereby establish infection. Pylori inflame and
irritate the stomach lining(gastritis) untreated, long-time H.pylori infection can lead to
stomach cancer.
Title: H.pylori
Aim: to test for ulcer.
Apparatus: Tourniquet, swab, cotton wool, syringe/needle, EDTA bottle, centrifuge,
H>pylori strip.
Method:
 The blood of the patien was collected with needle/syringe and was filled in an
EDTA bottle.
 The blood specimen was then spinned n a centrifuge for about 5 minutes
 A few drops of the serum was dropped on the pad of the strip.
 After a few minutes, the result was read based on the appearance of the control
and test line.
Diagram:

Precaution:

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  It was ensured that hand gloves were worn to avoid infection.
 It was also ensured that the test and control line were observed carefully.
Conclusion:
At the end of the experiment, the aim which was to test for ulcer for a given patient
was successfully achieved.
3.6.8 ANC test:
Antenatal care involve some series of tests to be done to assess the general health of a
pregnant mother and also helps the doctor monitor the growth of the foetus and
provide treatment if required. The tests required include PCV,RVS, HCV, HBsAg,
VDRL & urinalysis.

4.1 CONCLUSION

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 The four months SIWES at Bright Way Medical Clinic Kaduna was not only
educative but it was also interesting because of the SIWES, I achieved objectives set
up at its inception.

The achievement of these objectives could be justified by going through the report. It
also forged fresh challenge and refreshed my mind with greater enthusiasm of moving
ahead while building my career.

To my industrial base coordinator, college supervisors, friends and families, I thank

you all for your endless support, assistance, comment and suggestions throughout the
course of my industrial training.

4.2 RECOMMENDATIONS
I appreciate the efforts of ITF towards organizing the industrial training and making it
a compulsory program in compliance for the award of National Diploma and Degree.

Indeed, ITF has been doing a great job, but I recommend the ITF to make more efforts
in order to help assist students financially through out the course of their training to
make things easier for them.

More industries should also be established for training students, especially students
studying Science Laboratory Technology (SLT) in Kaduna state and the nation as a
whole.

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