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pH Analysis Vocabulary Guide

The document provides definitions and characteristics of key vocabulary related to pH analysis, including acids, bases, and their properties. It explains the pH scale, indicating that acidic substances have a pH less than 7, while alkaline substances have a pH greater than 7. Additionally, it describes indicators and the concept of neutrality in relation to pH levels.

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13 views2 pages

pH Analysis Vocabulary Guide

The document provides definitions and characteristics of key vocabulary related to pH analysis, including acids, bases, and their properties. It explains the pH scale, indicating that acidic substances have a pH less than 7, while alkaline substances have a pH greater than 7. Additionally, it describes indicators and the concept of neutrality in relation to pH levels.

Uploaded by

abdeeliss0409
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Vocabulary: pH Analysis

Vocabulary

 Acid – a water-soluble compound that donates protons (H+ ions) to a base.


o Acids are often sour in taste, can burn the skin and eyes, and react with a base
to produce a salt and water.
o Concentrated acids are corrosive to metals.
o The chemical formulae of acids usually begin with H. Examples are HCl (hy-
drochloric acid, found in your stomach), H2SO4 (sulfuric acid, found in car batter-
ies) and H2CO3 (carbonic acid, found in soft drinks).

 Acidic – being or containing an acid.


o Acidic substances have a pH value less than 7.

 Alkaline – being or containing a base.


o Alkaline substances have a pH value greater than 7.

 Base – a water-soluble chemical compound that accepts protons from an acid.


o Bases are often bitter in taste, have a slippery texture, and react with acids to
product a salt and water.
o Concentrated bases are corrosive to organic matter.
o The chemical formulae of bases usually end with OH. Examples are NaOH
(sodium hydroxide, found in drain cleaners), KOH (potassium hydroxide, used to
make soap) and Ca(OH)2 (calcium hydroxide, found in plaster).

 Indicator – a substance that changes color when in contact with an acid or base.
o Examples of indicators include litmus, bromthymol blue, methyl yellow, phenol
red, red cabbage juice, curry powder, and many others.

 Neutral – neither acidic nor basic.


o Neutral substances do not yield excess H+ or OH- ions when dissolved in water.
o Pure water is neutral and has a pH value of 7.0.

 pH – a measure of how many hydrogen ions there are in a solution. The greater the
number of hydrogen ions, the more acidic the solution.
o The symbol “pH” stands for “potential of hydrogen” or “power of hydrogen.”
o The pH scale is a negative logarithmic scale:
 The lower the pH, the greater the concentration of hydrogen ions, and the
more acidic the solution.

2019
 Because the scale is logarithmic, a substance with a pH of 4 is 10 times
more acidic than a substance with a pH of 5.

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