A MINI PROJECT REPORT

ON

“SOFTWARE PERSONAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM”

SUBMITTED TO

TELANGANA UNIVERSITY , DICHPALLY, NIZAMBAD

In Partial fulfilment of the Requirement for the award of the post Graduate Degree

MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

BY

PAMMI POOJA

(5174-23-862-082)

Under the esteemed guidance of

SHIRISHA
 DEPARTMENT OF

MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

NISHITHA DEGREE COLLEGE

(Affiliated to Telangana university,Dichpally,Nizambad)
Nishitha Degree college,Beside S.P Office,Nizambad,503001

2023-2025
 INDEX
ABSTRACT 1
1. INTRODUCTION 2-3
1.1 EXISTING SYSTEM & DISADVANTAGES
1.2 PROPOSED SYSYTEM &ADVANTAGES
1.3 MODULES
2. SYSTEM ANALYSIS 4-8
2.1 SDLC METHODOLOGIES (WATERFALL MODEL)
2.2 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
3. FEASIBILITY REPORT 9-10
3.1 ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY
3.2 OPERATIONAL FEASIBILTY
3.3 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY
3.4 SOCIAL FEASIBILITY
4. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION 11
4.1 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
4.2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
5. SELECTED SOFTWARE 12-30
5.1 CLIENT SERVER
5.2 JAVASCRIPT
5.3 HTML
5.4 JDBC
5.5 JSP
6. SYSTEM DESIGN 31-37
6.1 UML DIAGRAMS

7. OUTPUT SCREENS 38-42

8. SYSTEM TESTING 43-47

8.1 TYPES OF TESTING

9. CONCLUSION 48

10. REFERENCE 49
ABSTRACT:
• Software personnel management system allows employees to record time-
card electronically and automatically generates pay slips based on number
of hours worked and total amount of sales.
• The system will run on individual employee desktops where the employee
can access and edit only their personal details.
• The system will maintain information on the employee in the company in
order to calculate the payroll. The employees will also be able to know from
the system, the number of hours worked per day and total of all hours
spent on a project and total pay received year-to-date etc.
• Payroll administrators keep track of all the information including adding
new employees, deleting employees, and edit information and run reports.
The system will generate records and performance report of the
employees.

1
1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Existing System:

In Present system employee need to go to office and make attendance through
swiping or physical attendance. But in pandemic situation It’s not possible so we
required automated attendance system.

Disadvantages:
1. It’s not transparent
2. Need to go to office physically
1.2 Proposed System:
Software personnel management system allows employees to record time-card
electronically and automatically generates pay slips based on number of hours
worked and total amount of sales. The system will run on individual employee
desktops where the employee can access and edit only their personal details. The
system will maintain information on the employee in the company in order to
calculate the payroll. The employees will also be able to know from the system,
the number of hours worked per day and total of all hours spent on a project and
total pay received year-to-date etc. Payroll administrators keep track of all the
information including adding new employees, deleting employees, and edit
information and run reports. The system will generate records and performance
report of the employees.

Advantages:
1. It provides better and transparent system
2. We can easily track the payroll
3. It automates the process

2
1.3 Modules:
The entire project is divided into three modules, and they are

Admin Module
The admin will monitor the website from anywhere. He can see the details of all
employees, and payroll details. Admin can see the website after login.

Employee Module

Employee, login into the machine then he can update the profile, he can see the
payroll details.

• Software personnel management system allows employees to record time-

card electronically and automatically generates pay slips based on number
of hours worked and total amount of sales.

• The system will run on individual employee desktops where the employee
can access and edit only their personal details.

• The system will maintain information on the employee in the company in

order to calculate the payroll. The employees will also be able to know from
the system, the number of hours worked per day and total of all hours
spent on a project and total pay received year-to-date etc.

Reports

• In this module can view the reports. In this module both employee and
admin can view the payroll reports date wise and employee wise

• This will mainly focus on generating reports on requirement

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2. SYSTEM ANALYSIS

2.1 Process Model - WATERFALL MODEL

Waterfall model indicates that all the SDLC steps will be going on step by step. In
this model once one stage completed then only it will start another process. This
will be implemented when the requirements well known and clearly defined.

In this model we can implement all the steps one by one. First, we will do
requirements gathering i.e., in this step business analyst will collect the all-
functional requirements from the client and will discuss with the manager and
development team. Second step is analysis where people can analyse the
requirements so that they will do risk basement, risk mitigation, risk controlling
steps. And also, they will do the cost-time analysis to estimate the cost. They will
also do the detail feasible study over the requirements of project.

In third phase called design page generally people will design the project i.e.
represent will prepare the uml diagrams and prototypes for project. And then
developers will start programing or coding based on design. Finally testing team
will test the content to identify and fix the bugs. After successful user acceptance
testing application will be deployed and maintained in the client machine.

The waterfall model was selected as the SDLC model due to the following reasons:

 When the requirements are very clear and not changed.

 Available technology is enough to implement.
 Project is easy and simple to understand to finish.

4
 And if we don’t have any confusion in requirements.
 We can easily manage the review process and task management.
 Every stage defined clearly and with timelines

5
2.2 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
INPUT DESIGN
The input design is the link between the information system and the user. It
comprises the developing specification and procedures for data preparation and
those steps are necessary to put transaction data in to a usable form for
processing can be achieved by inspecting the computer to read data from a
written or printed document or it can occur by having people keying the data
directly into the system. The design of input focuses on controlling the amount of
input required, controlling the errors, avoiding delay, avoiding extra steps and
keeping the process simple. The input is designed in such a way so that it provides
security and ease of use with retaining the privacy. Input Design considered the
following things:

 What data should be given as input?

 How the data should be arranged or coded?
 The dialog to guide the operating personnel in providing input.
 Methods for preparing input validations and steps to follow when error
occur.

OBJECTIVES

1. Input Design is the process of converting a user-oriented description

of the input into a computer-based system. This design is important to avoid

6
errors in the data input process and show the correct direction to the
management for getting correct information from the computerized system.

2. It is achieved by creating user-friendly screens for the data entry to

handle large volume of data. The goal of designing input is to make data entry
easier and to be free from errors. The data entry screen is designed in such a way
that all the data manipulates can be performed. It also provides record viewing
facilities.

3. When the data is entered it will check for its validity. Data can be
entered with the help of screens. Appropriate messages are provided as when
needed so that the user will not be in maize of instant. Thus, the objective of
input design is to create an input layout that is easy to follow

OUTPUT DESIGN

A quality output is one, which meets the requirements of the end

user and presents the information clearly. In any system results of processing are
communicated to the users and to other system through outputs. In output
design it is determined how the information is to be displaced for immediate
need and also the hard copy output. It is the most important and direct source
information to the user. Efficient and intelligent output design improves the
system’s relationship to help user decision-making.

1. Designing computer output should proceed in an organized, well

thought out manner; the right output must be developed while ensuring that
each output element is designed so that people will find the system can use easily
7
and effectively. When analysis design computer output, they should Identify the
specific output that is needed to meet the requirements.

2. Select methods for presenting information.

3. Create document, report, or other formats that contain information

produced by the system.

The output form of an information system should accomplish one or

more of the following objectives.

 Convey information about past activities, current status or projections of

the
 Future.
 Signal important events, opportunities, problems, or warnings.
 Trigger an action.
 Confirm an action.

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3. Feasibility Report
A significant result of starter examination is the assurance that the framework
solicitation is attainable. “The possibility of the venture is broke down in this stage
and strategic agreement is advanced with a general arrangement for the task and
some cost evaluations. During framework investigation the attainability
investigation of the proposed framework is to be done. This is to guarantee that
the proposed framework isn't a weight to the organization. For attainability
investigation, some comprehension of the significant necessities for the
framework is essential”. This is conceivable just in the event that it is practical
inside restricted asset and time. The prime feasibility considerations are:

3.1 Economical feasibility:

This investigation is done to check the financial effect that the framework will
have on the association. “The measure of reserve that the organization can fill the
innovative work of the framework is restricted. The uses must be defended. In
this manner the created framework also inside the spending limit and this was
accomplished in light of the fact that the vast majority of the innovations utilized
are openly accessible. Just the modified items must be bought”.

3.2 Operational feasibility:

This area of feasibility makes sure that the project satisfies all the requirements
that were discusses during initial requirement analysis phase. Our project met all
the requirements proposed earlier. It made sure that the modules discussed

9
during the proposing of the system were implemented with stable accuracy and
without any errors.

3.3 Technical feasibility:

This examination is done to check the specialized practicality, that is, the
specialized necessities of the framework. “Any framework created must not have
an intense interest on the accessible specialized assets. This will prompt levels of
popularity on the accessible specialized assets. This will prompt levels of
popularity being put on the customer. The created framework must have a
humble necessity, as just negligible or invalid changes are required for actualizing
this framework”.

3.4 Social feasibility:

The part of study is to check the degree of acknowledgment of the framework by

the client. “This incorporates the way toward preparing the client to utilize the
framework productively. The client must not feel undermined by the framework,
rather should acknowledge it as a need. The degree of acknowledgment by the
clients exclusively relies upon the strategies that are utilized to instruct the client
about the framework and to make him acquainted with it. His degree of certainty
must be raised with the goal that he is additionally ready to make some useful
analysis, which is invited, as he is the last client of the framework”.

10
4. Software Requirement Specifications
4.1 Software Requirements:
 Operating System - Windows
 Coding Language - Java/J2EE(JSP, JDBC)
 Front End - HTML, CSS
 Server - Apache Tomcat
 IDE - -Eclipse
 Back End - My SQL, SQLYOG

4.2 Hardware Requirements:

➢ Processor -Intel

➢ RAM - 4 GB (min)

➢ Hard Disk - 160 GB

➢ Key Board - Standard Windows Keyboard

➢ Mouse - Two or Three Button Mouse

➢ Monitor - SVGA

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5. Selected Software
5.1 Client Server
Over view:
With the varied topic in existence in the fields of computers, Client Server is one,
which has generated more heat than light, and also more hype than reality. This
technology has acquired a certain critical mass attention with its dedication
conferences and magazines. Major computer vendors such as IBM and DEC, have
declared that Client Servers is their main future market. A survey of DBMS
magazine revealed that 76% of its readers were actively looking at the client
server solution. The growth in the client server development tools from $200
million in 1992 to more than $1.2 billion in 1996.
Client server implementations are complex but the underlying concept is simple
and powerful. A client is an application running with local resources but able to
request the database and relate the services from separate remote server. The
software mediating this client server interaction is often referred to as
MIDDLEWARE.
The key client server idea is that client as user is essentially insulated from the
physical location and formats of the data needs for their application. With the
proper middleware, a client input from or report can transparently access and
manipulate both local database on the client machine and remote databases on
one or more servers. An added bonus is the client server opens the door to multi-
vendor database access indulging heterogeneous table joins.

What is a client Server?

Two prominent systems in existence are client server and file server systems. It is
essential to distinguish between client servers and file server systems. Both
provide shared network access to data but the comparison dens there! The file
server simply provides a remote disk drive that can be accessed by LAN
applications on a file-by-file basis. The client server offers full relational database
services such as SQL-Access, Record modifying, Insert, delete with full relational
integrity backup/ restore performance for high volume of transactions, etc. the

12
client server middleware provides a flexible interface between client and server,
who does what, when and to whom.

Why Client Server

Time-sharing changed the picture. Remote terminal Client server has evolved to
solve a problem that has been around since the earliest days of computing: how
best to distribute your computing, data generation and data storage resources in
order to obtain efficient, cost effective departmental and enterprise-wide data
processing. During mainframe era choices were quite limited. A central machine
housed both the CPU and DATA (cards, tapes, drums and later disks). Access to
these resources was initially confined to batched runs that produced
departmental reports at the appropriate intervals. A strong central information
service department ruled the corporation. The role of the rest of the corporation
limited to requesting new or more frequent reports and to provide hand written
forms from which the central data banks were created and updated. The earliest
client server solutions therefore could best be characterized as “SLAVE-MASTER”.

Front end or User Interface Design

The entire user interface is planned to be developed in browser specific

environment with a touch of Intranet-Based Architecture for achieving the

Distributed Concept.

The browser specific components are designed by using the HTML standards, and

the dynamism of the designed by concentrating on the constructs of the Java

Server Pages.

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Communication or Database Connectivity Tier
The Communication architecture is designed by concentrating on the Standards of

Servlets and Enterprise Java Beans. The database connectivity is established by

using the Java Data Base Connectivity.

The standards of three-tier architecture are given major concentration to keep

the standards of higher cohesion and limited coupling for effectiveness of the

operations.

Features of The Language Used

In my project, I have chosen Java language for developing the code.

About Java
Initially the language was called as “oak” but it was renamed as “Java” in 1995.
The primary motivation of this language was the need for a platform-independent
(i.e., architecture neutral) language that could be used to create software to be
embedded in various consumer electronic devices.
 Java is a programmer’s language.

 Java is cohesive and consistent.

 Except for those constraints imposed by the Internet environment,

Java gives the programmer, full control.
Finally, Java is to Internet programming where C was to system programming.

14
Java has had a profound effect on the Internet. This is because; Java expands the
Universe of objects that can move about freely in Cyberspace. In

Java can be used to create two types of programs

Applications and Applets: An application is a program that runs on our computer
under the operating system of that computer. It is more or less like one creating
using C or C++. Java’s ability to create Applets makes it important. An Applet is an
application designed to be transmitted over the Internet and executed by a Java –
compatible web browser. An applet is actually a tiny Java program, dynamically
downloaded across the network, just like an image. But the difference is, it is an
intelligent program, not just a media file. It can react to the user input and
dynamically change.

Features of Java
Security
Every time you that you download a “normal” program, you are risking a viral
infection. Prior to Java, most users did not download executable programs
frequently, and those who did scanned them for viruses prior to execution. Most
users still worried about the possibility of infecting their systems with a virus. In
addition, another type of malicious program exists that must be guarded against.
This type of program can gather private information, such as credit card numbers,
bank account balances, and passwords. Java answers both these concerns by
providing a “firewall” between a network application and your computer.

Portability

For programs to be dynamically downloaded to all the various types of platforms

connected to the Internet, some means of generating portable executable code is
needed. As you will see, the same mechanism that helps ensure security also

15
helps create portability. Indeed, Java’s solution to these two problems is both
elegant and efficient.

The Byte codes

The key that allows the Java to solve the security and portability problems is that
the output of Java compiler is Byte code. Byte code is a highly optimized set of
instructions designed to be executed by the Java run-time system, which is called
the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). That is, in its standard form, the JVM is an
interpreter for byte code.

Translating a Java program into byte code helps makes it much easier to run a
program in a wide variety of environments. The reason is, once the run-time
package exists for a given system, any Java program can run on it.

Although Java was designed for interpretation, there is technically nothing about
Java that prevents on-the-fly compilation of byte code into native code. Sun has
just completed its Just In Time (JIT) compiler for byte code. When the JIT compiler
is a part of JVM, it compiles byte code into executable code in real time, on a
piece-by-piece, demand basis. It is not possible to compile an entire Java program
into executable code all at once, because Java performs various run-time checks
that can be done only at run time. The JIT compiles code, as it is needed, during
execution.
Java, Virtual Machine (JVM)
Beyond the language, there is the Java virtual machine. The Java virtual machine
is an important element of the Java technology. The virtual machine can be
embedded within a web browser or an operating system. Once a piece of Java
code is loaded onto a machine, it is verified. As part of the loading process, a class
loader is invoked and does byte code verification makes sure that the code that’s
has been generated by the compiler will not corrupt the machine that it’s loaded
on. Byte code verification takes place at the end of the compilation process to

16
make sure that is all accurate and correct. So, byte code verification is integral to
the compiling and executing of Java code.

Overall Description

Java Source Java byte code JavaVM

Java . Class

Picture showing the development process of JAVA Program

Java programming uses to produce byte codes and executes them. The first box
indicates that the Java source code is located in a. Java file that is processed with
a Java compiler called javac. The Java compiler produces a file called a. class file,
which contains the byte code. The. Class file is then loaded across the network or
loaded locally on your machine into the execution environment is the Java virtual
machine, which interprets and executes the byte code.

Java Architecture
Java architecture provides a portable, robust, high performing environment for
development. Java provides portability by compiling the byte codes for the Java
Virtual Machine, which is then interpreted on each platform by the run-time
environment. Java is a dynamic system, able to load code when needed from a
machine in the same room or across the planet.

Compilation of code
When you compile the code, the Java compiler creates machine code (called byte
code) for a hypothetical machine called Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The JVM is
supposed to execute the byte code. The JVM is created for overcoming the issue
of portability. The code is written and compiled for one machine and interpreted
on all machines. This machine is called Java Virtual Machine.

17
Compiling and interpreting Java Source Code

Java
PC Compiler Interpreter
Java (PC)
Source
Code Byte code
………..
……….. Macintosh Java
Compiler Interpreter
(Platform (Macintosh)
……….. indepen
dent)

SPARC
………… Java
Compiler Interpreter
(Sparc)

During run-time the Java interpreter tricks the byte code file into thinking that it is
running on a Java Virtual Machine. In reality this could be a Intel Pentium
Windows 95 or Sun SARC station running Solaris or Apple Macintosh running
system and all could receive code from any computer through Internet and run
the Applets.

Simple
Java was designed to be easy for the Professional programmer to learn and to use
effectively. If you are an experienced C++ programmer, learning Java will be even
easier. Because Java inherits the C/C++ syntax and many of the object oriented
features of C++. Most of the confusing concepts from C++ are either left out of
Java or implemented in a cleaner, more approachable manner. In Java there are a
small number of clearly defined ways to accomplish a given task.

18
Object-Oriented
Java was not designed to be source-code compatible with any other language.
This allowed the Java team the freedom to design with a blank slate. One
outcome of this was a clean usable, pragmatic approach to objects. The object
model in Java is simple and easy to extend, while simple types, such as integers,
are kept as high-performance non-objects.

Robust
The multi-platform environment of the Web places extraordinary demands on a
program, because the program must execute reliably in a variety of systems. The
ability to create robust programs was given a high priority in the design of Java.
Java is strictly typed language; it checks your code at compile time and run time.

5.2 JAVASCRIPT

JavaScript is a script-based programming language that was developed by

Netscape Communication Corporation. JavaScript was originally called Live Script

and renamed as JavaScript to indicate its relationship with Java. JavaScript

supports the development of both client and server components of Web-based

applications. On the client side, it can be used to write programs that are

executed by a Web browser within the context of a Web page. On the server side,

it can be used to write Web server programs that can process information

submitted by a Web browser and then updates the browser’s display accordingly

19
Even though JavaScript supports both client and server Web programming, we
prefer JavaScript at Client-side programming since most of the browsers supports
it. JavaScript is almost as easy to learn as HTML, and JavaScript statements can be
included in HTML documents by enclosing the statements between a pair of
scripting tags

<SCRIPTS>. </SCRIPT>.

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE = “JavaScript”>

JavaScript statements

</SCRIPT>

Here are a few things we can do with JavaScript:

 Validate the contents of a form and make calculations.

 Add scrolling or changing messages to the Browser’s status line.
 Animate images or rotate images that change when we move the
mouse over them.
 Detect the browser in use and display different content for different
browsers.
 Detect installed plug-ins and notify the user if a plug-in is required.
We can do much more with JavaScript, including creating entire application.

Java Script Vs Java

JavaScript and Java are entirely different languages. A few of the most glaring
differences are:
20
  Java applets are generally displayed in a box within the web
document; JavaScript can affect any part of the Web document itself.
 While JavaScript is best suited to simple applications and adding
interactive features to Web pages; Java can be used for incredibly
complex applications.
There are many other differences but the important thing to remember is that
JavaScript and Java are separate languages. They are both useful for different
things; in fact, they can be used together to combine their advantages.

A D V A N T A G E S
 JavaScript can be used for Sever-side and Client-side scripting.
 It is more flexible than VBScript.
 JavaScript is the default scripting languages at Client-side since all the
browsers supports it.

5.3 HTML
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), the languages of the World Wide Web
(WWW), allows users to produces Web pages that include text, graphics and
pointer to other Web pages (Hyperlinks).

HTML is not a programming language but it is an application of ISO Standard

8879, SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language), but specialized to
hypertext and adapted to the Web. The idea behind Hypertext is that instead of
reading text in rigid linear structure, we can easily jump from one point to
another point. We can navigate through the information based on our interest

21
and preference. A markup language is simply a series of elements, each delimited
with special characters that define how text or other items enclosed within the
elements should be displayed. Hyperlinks are underlined or emphasized works
that load to other documents or some portions of the same document.

HTML can be used to display any type of document on the host computer, which
can be geographically at a different location. It is a versatile language and can be
used on any platform or desktop.

HTML provides tags (special codes) to make the document look attractive. HTML
tags are not case-sensitive. Using graphics, fonts, different sizes, color, etc., can
enhance the presentation of the document. Anything that is not a tag is part of
the document itself.

Basic HTML Tags:

<! -- --> Specifies comments

<A>………. </A> Creates hypertext links

<B>………. </B> Formats text as bold

<BIG>………. </BIG> Formats text in large font.

<BODY>…</BODY> Contains all tags and text in the HTML document

<CENTER>...</CENTER> Creates text

<DD>…</DD> Definition of a term

<DL>...</DL> Creates definition list

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<FONT>…</FONT> Formats text with a particular font

ADVANTAGES

 A HTML document is small and hence easy to send over the net. It is
small because it does not include formatted information.
 HTML is platform independent.
 HTML tags are not case-sensitive.

5.4 Java Database Connectivity

What Is JDBC?

JDBC is a Java API for executing SQL statements. (As a point of interest, JDBC is a

trademarked name and is not an acronym; nevertheless, JDBC is often thought of

as standing for Java Database Connectivity. It consists of a set of classes and

interfaces written in the Java programming language. JDBC provides a standard

API for tool/database developers and makes it possible to write database

applications using a pure Java API.

Using JDBC, it is easy to send SQL statements to virtually any relational database.
One can write a single program using the JDBC API, and the program will be able
to send SQL statements to the appropriate database. The combinations of Java
and JDBC lets a programmer write it once and run it anywhere.

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What Does JDBC Do?

Simply put, JDBC makes it possible to do three things:

 Establish a connection with a database
 Send SQL statements
 Process the results.

JDBC versus ODBC and other APIs

At this point, Microsoft's ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) API is that probably
the most widely used programming interface for accessing relational databases. It
offers the ability to connect to almost all databases on almost all platforms.

1. ODBC is not appropriate for direct use from Java because it uses a C
interface. Calls from Java to native C code have a number of drawbacks in
the security, implementation, robustness, and automatic portability of
applications.
2. A literal translation of the ODBC C API into a Java API would not be
desirable. For example, Java has no pointers, and ODBC makes copious use
of them, including the notoriously error-prone generic pointer "void *". You
can think of JDBC as ODBC translated into an object-oriented interface that
is natural for Java programmers.
3. ODBC is hard to learn. It mixes simple and advanced features together, and
it has complex options even for simple queries. JDBC, on the other hand,
was designed to keep simple things simple while allowing more advanced
capabilities where required.

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Two-tier and Three-tier Models
The JDBC API supports both two-tier and three-tier models for database
access.

In the two-tier model, a Java applet or application talks directly to the database.
This requires a JDBC driver that can communicate with the particular database
management system being accessed. A user's SQL statements are delivered to the
database, and the results of those statements are sent back to the user. The
database may be located on another machine to which the user is connected via a
network. This is referred to as a client/server configuration, with the user's
machine as the client, and the machine housing the database as the server. The
network can be an Intranet, which, for example, connects employees within a
corporation, or it can be the Internet.

In the three-tier model, commands are sent to a "middle tier" of services, which
then send SQL statements to the database. The database processes the SQL
statements and sends the results back to the middle tier, which then sends them
to the user. MIS directors find the three-tier model very attractive because the
middle tier makes it possible to maintain control over access and the kinds of
updates that can be made to corporate data. Another advantage is that when
there is a middle tier, the user can employ an easy-to-use higher-level API which is
translated by the middle tier into the appropriate low-level calls. Finally, in many
cases the three-tier architecture can provide performance advantages.

Until now the middle tier has typically been written in languages such as C or
C++, which offer fast performance. However, with the introduction of
optimizing compilers that translate Java byte code into efficient machine-
25
 specific code, it is becoming practical to implement the middle tier in Java. This
is a big plus, making it possible to take advantage of Java's robustness,
multithreading, and security features. JDBC is important to allow database
access from a Java middle tier.

JDBC Driver Types

The JDBC drivers that we are aware of at this time fit into one of four
categories:

 JDBC-ODBC bridge plus ODBC driver

 Native-API partly-Java driver
 JDBC-Net pure Java driver
 Native-protocol pure Java driver

JDBC-ODBC Bridge
If possible, use a Pure Java JDBC driver instead of the Bridge and an ODBC
driver. This completely eliminates the client configuration required by ODBC. It
also eliminates the potential that the Java VM could be corrupted by an error
in the native code brought in by the Bridge (that is, the Bridge native library,
the ODBC driver manager library, the ODBC driver library, and the database
client library).

What Is the JDBC- ODBC Bridge?

The JDBC-ODBC Bridge is a JDBC driver, which implements JDBC operations by
translating them into ODBC operations. To ODBC it appears as a normal
application program. The Bridge implements JDBC for any database for which
an ODBC driver is available. The Bridge is implemented as the

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 Sun.jdbc. ODBC Java package and contains a native library used to access
ODBC. The Bridge is a joint development of Intersolv and Java Soft.

5.5 Java Server Pages (JSP)

Java server Pages is a simple, yet powerful technology for creating and
maintaining dynamic-content web pages. Based on the Java programming
language, Java Server Pages offers proven portability, open standards, and a
mature re-usable component model. The Java Server Pages architecture
enables the separation of content generation from content presentation. This
separation not eases maintenance headaches, it also allows web team
members to focus on their areas of expertise.

Features of JSP
Portability:
Java Server Pages files can be run on any web server or web-enabled
application server that provides support for them. Dubbed the JSP engine, this
support involves recognition, translation, and management of the Java Server
Page lifecycle and its interaction components.

Components

It was mentioned earlier that the Java Server Pages architecture can include
reusable Java components. The architecture also allows for the embedding of a
scripting language directly into the Java Server Pages file. The components
current supported include Java Beans and Servlets.

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Processing
A Java Server Pages file is essentially an HTML document with JSP scripting or
tags. The Java Server Pages file has a JSP extension to the server as a Java Server
Pages file. Before the page is served, the Java Server Pages syntax is parsed and
processed into a Servlet on the server side. The Servlet that is generated outputs
real content in straight HTML for responding to the client.

Access Models:
A Java Server Pages file may be accessed in at least two different ways. A client’s
request comes directly into a Java Server Page. In this scenario, suppose the page
accesses reusable Java Bean components that perform particular well-defined
computations like accessing a database. The result of the Beans computations,
called result sets is stored within the Bean as properties. The page uses such
Beans to generate dynamic content and present it back to the client.

In both of the above cases, the page could also contain any valid Java code. Java
Server Pages architecture encourages separation of content from presentation.

Steps in the execution of a JSP Application:

1. The client sends a request to the web server for a JSP file by giving the
name of the JSP file within the form tag of a HTML page.

2. This request is transferred to the Java Web Server. At the server side Java
Web Server receives the request and if it is a request for a JSP file server
gives this request to the JSP engine.

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 3. JSP engine is program which can understands the tags of the JSP and then it
converts those tags into a Servlet program and it is stored at the server
side. This Servlet is loaded in the memory and then it is executed and the
result is given back to the Java Web Server and then it is transferred back to
the result is given back to the Java Web Server and then it is transferred
back to the client.

JDBC connectivity
The JDBC provides database-independent connectivity between the J2EE platform
and a wide range of tabular data sources. JDBC technology allows an Application
Component Provider to:

 Perform connection and authentication to a database server

 Manager transactions
 Move SQL statements to a database engine for preprocessing and
execution
 Execute stored procedures
 Inspect and modify the results from Select statements.

Tomcat 6.0 web server

Tomcat is an open-source web server developed by Apache Group. Apache

Tomcat is the servlet container that is used in the official Reference
Implementation for the Java Servlet and Java Server Pages technologies. The Java
Servlet and Java Server Pages specifications are developed by Sun under the Java
Community Process. Web Servers like Apache Tomcat support only web

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components while an application server supports web components as well as
business components (BEAs Weblogic, is one of the popular application server).To
develop a web application with jsp/servlet install any web server like JRun,
Tomcat etc to run your application.

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 6. SYSTEM DESIGN
This section consists of the UML diagrams related to the modules developed such
as Activity diagram, Sequence diagram and Use case diagram.

UML stands for Unified Modelling Language. UML is a standardized general-

purpose modelling language in the field of object-oriented software engineering.
The standard is managed, and was created by, the Object Management Group.

The goal is for UML to become a common language for creating models of object
oriented computer software. In its current form UML is comprised of two major
components: a Meta-model and a notation. In the future, some form of method
or process may also be added to; or associated with, UML.

The Unified Modeling Language is a standard language for specifying,

Visualization, Constructing and documenting the artifacts of software system, as
well as for business modeling and other non-software systems.

GOALS:
The Primary goals in the design of the UML are as follows:

 Provide users a ready-to-use, expressive visual modeling Language so that

they can develop and exchange meaningful models.
 Provide extendibility and specialization mechanisms to extend the core
concepts.
 Be independent of particular programming languages and development
process.
 Provide a formal basis for understanding the modeling language.

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  Encourage the growth of OO tools market.
 Support higher level development concepts such as collaborations,
frameworks, patterns and components.
 Integrate best practices.

6.1 UML DIAGRAMS

Sequence Diagram
A grouping outline in UML is a sort of association chart that shows how
procedures work with each other and in what request. “It is a build of a Message
Sequence Chart. Succession outlines are now and again called occasion charts,
occasion situations, and timing graphs”.

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Use Case Diagram

An utilization case outline in the UML is a sort of conduct graph characterized by

and made from a Use-case examination. Its motivation is to introduce a graphical
diagram of the usefulness given by a framework regarding on-screen characters,
their objectives (spoke to as use cases), and any conditions between those
utilization cases. The fundamental motivation behind an utilization case outline is
to indicate what framework capacities are performed for which on-screen
character. Jobs of the on-screen characters in the framework can be delineated”.

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 Use case diagram

Activity Diagram

“Movement charts are graphical portrayals of work processes of stepwise

exercises and activities with help for decision, emphasis and simultaneousness. In
the Unified Modeling Language, movement graphs can be utilized to depict the
business and operational bit by bit work processes of parts in a framework. A
movement chart demonstrates the general progression of control”.

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Component Diagram

The component diagram is a special purpose diagram, which is used to visualize

the static implementation view of a system. It represents the
physical components of a system, or we can say it portrays the organization of
the components inside a system. The components, such as libraries, files,
executables, etc.

Component diagram

Deployment Diagram

A deployment diagram is a UML diagram type that shows the execution

architecture of a system, including nodes such as hardware or software execution
environments, and the middleware connecting them. Deployment diagrams are
typically used to visualize the physical hardware and software of a system

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7. OUTPUT SCREENS

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8. SYSTEM TESTING
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The purpose of testing is to discover errors. Testing is the process of trying to
discover every conceivable fault or weakness in a work product. It provides a way
to check the functionality of components, sub assemblies, assemblies and/or a
finished product It is the process of exercising software with the intent of
ensuring that the Software system meets its requirements and user expectations
and does not fail in an unacceptable manner. There are various types of test. Each
test type addresses a specific testing requirement

8.1 TYPES OF TESTS

Unit testing

Unit testing involves the design of test cases that validate that the internal
program logic is functioning properly, and that program inputs produce valid
outputs. All decision branches and internal code flow should be validated. It is the
testing of individual software units of the application .it is done after the
completion of an individual unit before integration. This is a structural testing,
that relies on knowledge of its construction and is invasive. Unit tests perform
basic tests at component level and test a specific business process, application,
and/or system configuration. Unit tests ensure that each unique path of a
business process performs accurately to the documented specifications and
contains clearly defined inputs and expected results.

Integration testing

Integration tests are designed to test integrated software components to

determine if they actually run as one program. Testing is event driven and is
more concerned with the basic outcome of screens or fields. Integration tests
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demonstrate that although the components were individually satisfaction, as
shown by successfully unit testing, the combination of components is correct and
consistent. Integration testing is specifically aimed at exposing the problems that
arise from the combination of components.

Functional test

Functional tests provide systematic demonstrations that functions tested are

available as specified by the business and technical requirements, system
documentation, and user manuals.
Functional testing is centered on the following items:

Valid Input: identified classes of valid input must be accepted.

Invalid Input: identified classes of invalid input must be rejected.

Functions: identified functions must be exercised.

Output: identified classes of application outputs must be exercised.

Systems/Procedures: interfacing systems or procedures must be invoked.

Organization and preparation of functional tests is focused on

requirements, key functions, or special test cases. In addition, systematic
coverage pertaining to identify Business process flows; data fields, predefined
processes, and successive processes must be considered for testing. Before
functional testing is complete, additional tests are identified and the effective
value of current tests is determined.

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System Test
System testing ensures that the entire integrated software system
meets requirements. It tests a configuration to ensure known and predictable
results. An example of system testing is the configuration-oriented system
integration test. System testing is based on process descriptions and flows,
emphasizing pre-driven process links and integration points.

White Box Testing

White Box Testing is a testing in which in which the software tester

has knowledge of the inner workings, structure and language of the software, or
at least its purpose. It is purpose. It is used to test areas that cannot be reached
from a black box level.

Black Box Testing

Black Box Testing is testing the software without any knowledge of the inner
workings, structure or language of the module being tested. Black box tests, as
most other kinds of tests, must be written from a definitive source document,
such as specification or requirements document, such as specification or
requirements document. It is a testing in which the software under test is treated,
as a black box .you cannot “see” into it. The test provides inputs and responds to
outputs without considering how the software works.

Unit Testing

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 Unit testing is usually conducted as part of a combined code and unit test phase
of the software lifecycle, although it is not uncommon for coding and unit testing
to be conducted as two distinct phases.

Test strategy and approach

Field testing will be performed manually and functional tests will

be written in detail.
Test objectives
 All field entries must work properly.
 Pages must be activated from the identified link.
 The entry screen, messages and responses must not be delayed.

Features to be tested
 Verify that the entries are of the correct format
 No duplicate entries should be allowed
 All links should take the user to the correct page.
Integration Testing

Software integration testing is the incremental integration testing of

two or more integrated software components on a single platform to produce
failures caused by interface defects.

The task of the integration test is to check that components or software

applications, e.g. components in a software system or – one step up – software
applications at the company level – interact without error.

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Test Results: All the test cases mentioned above passed successfully. No defects
encountered.

Acceptance Testing

User Acceptance Testing is a critical phase of any project and requires significant
participation by the end user. It also ensures that the system meets the functional
requirements.

Test Results: All the test cases mentioned above passed successfully. No defects
encountered.

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9. CONCLUSION:

• Software personnel management system allows employees to record time-

card electronically and automatically generates pay slips based on number
of hours worked and total amount of sales.
• The system will run on individual employee desktops where the employee
can access and edit only their personal details.
• The system will maintain information on the employee in the company in
order to calculate the payroll. The employees will also be able to know from
the system, the number of hours worked per day and total of all hours
spent on a project and total pay received year-to-date etc.
• Payroll administrators keep track of all the information including adding
new employees, deleting employees, and edit information and run reports.
The system will generate records and performance report of the
employees.

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10. BIBLIOGRAPHY:

• R efe r enc es fo r th e Pr oj e ct D eve lop ment w er e t aken f ro m

the fol low ing B ooks and Web Si te s .
• Oracle
• PL/SQL Programming by Scott Urman
• SQL complete reference by Livion
• JAVA Technologies
• JAVA Complete Reference
• Java Script Programming by Yehuda Shiran
• Mastering JAVA Security
• HTML
• HTML by w3schools

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