Unix & Linux Shell Scripting:
Special Files:
/dev/null
echo "hello" > /dev/null
/dev/tty
cp file > /dev/tty
Variables:
1. Predifined
2. User defined
- Null Variables
- unsetting a varaible
- Storing File Names ( Wild Cards ? & *)
- Storing File contents to a varaible
- Storing Commands to a variable
- Exporting Variables
Which shell you are currently in
ps -p $$
echo $$
echo $0 ( it wont work for csh)
tcsh - set var=name
- Echo/print command & formats "\t \n \\ \b"
Perment assigning the variables
Reading A variable:
- less arguments
- More i/p than arguments
- reading from a file
- exit status ?
Note: read -p "hi enter a vallue:" a
Bash Shell Scripting:
#! (shebang) & Importance
# comments
; & \n importance
Executing a script
Expressions:
Mathametical
ex: take a,b & explain +,/,*,%,-
Decision Making :
if
if-then-else
elif-ladder
ex: take three variables & explain all the 3 conditions
Relational operators
<,>,<=,>=,!=
ex: take 2 values & explain them the use of releations
File expressions
-f ,-d ,-x & etc
Logical Operations
&&,!!
ex: student score example
Command Controled Loops:
while loop
case
ex: take +,/,%,*,- operators
for loop
select loop
ex: calculator program
Loop Direction:
Input Redirection:
while
output Redirection:
while
for
Input Piping:
while
ex: cat serverslist |while read data;do echo $data;done
output piping:
while
ex: cat serverslist |while read data;do echo $data;done|wc -l
Other Controled Loops:
break
continue
sleep
Special Parameters & Values:
Arguments & Positional Parameters
$1 .. $9
$0 , $#,$@,$*
All parameters with out quotes
All parameters with quotes
Argument Validation:
Debuggin scripts:
ksh -o xtrace *.scr
-x
set -x
Realtime examples ::
1. Write a code that should accept only 3 arguments oprend1,oprend2 & operator
based on operator it should
return output
2. Login in to multiple servers & collect the below information
uname -a
df -hT
syntax: ssh servername 'bash -s' <./mycommands.sh
3. Write the code which accepts only two arguments source & target buckets it
should copy data from source to target bucket.
4. Collect the server data as per the question 2 & send one email to your manager
([email protected])
aws --region us-east-1 sns publish --topic-arn "arn:aws:sns:us-east-
1:353664852275:Billing" --message "serverinformation"
aws sns publish --topic-arn "arn:aws:sns:us-west-2:0123456789012:my-topic" --
message file://message.txt
5. Automate the process of uploading server logs to s3 bucket by 4AM everyday
ex path:
/var/logs/
6. Checking the server connectivity & preparing reachable & not reachable servers
list
[root@shellscript day2]# cat ping.sh
#!/bin/bash
for i in $(cat serverslist)
do
#timeout 2 ping -c 1 $i
timeout 2 ssh $i "exit 0"
if [[ $? == 0 ]]
then
echo $i >> workingservers.txt
else
echo $i >> notworkingservers.txt
fi
done
7. Updating packages based on the current version
Getting all the avaiable versions of a pacakge:
yum --showduplicates list httpd | expand
Installing a particular version of package.
yum install httpd-2.4.39-1.amzn2.0.1 -y
[root@shellscripting ~]# cat mycode.sh
#!/bin/bash
#checking which pacakge installed
httpd_version=$(rpm -qi httpd|grep Version|awk '{print $3}')
case $httpd_version in
"2.4.43") echo "httpd is already with latest version";
exit 0;;
*) echo "Installing Latest package";
yum update httpd -y;
exit 0;;
esac
