UNIT - 2
DIODE
APPLICATION
CONTENT
1. Diode Application
2. Rectifier
3. Clipper
4. Clamper
5. Zener Diode
6. Light Emitting Diode
7. Tunnel Diode
8. Liquid Crystal Display
DIODE APPLICATION
• 1. SERIES 2. Parallel 3. Series & parallel
• A rectifier is an electrical device that
converts alternating current (AC), which periodically
reverses direction, to direct current (DC), which flows in
only one direction. The reverse operation is performed by
the inverter.
RECTIFIER
• Half Wave Rectifier
• Full Wave Rectifier (Center tap & Bridge )
Half Wave
Rectifier
• What is Half Wave Rectifier?
• In a half-wave rectifier, one half of each a.c input cycle is rectified. When the
p-n junction diode is forward biased, it gives little resistance and when it is
reversed biased it provides high resistance. During one-half cycles, the diode
is forward biased when the input voltage is applied and in the opposite half
cycle, it is reverse biased. During alternate half-cycles, the optimum result
can be obtained.
• Working of Half Wave Rectifier
• The half-wave rectifier has both positive and negative cycles. During the
positive half of the input, the current will flow from positive to negative
which will generate only a positive half cycle of
the a.c supply. When a.c supply is applied to the transformer, the voltage
will be decreasing at the secondary winding of the diode. All the variations
in the a.c supply will reduce, and we will get the pulsating d.c voltage to the
load resistor.
Full Wave Center tap Rectifier
Full Wave Bridge Rectifier
• What is Full Wave Rectifier?
• Full-wave rectifier circuits are used for producing an output voltage
or output current which is purely DC. The main advantage of a full-
wave rectifier over half-wave rectifier is that such as the average
output voltage is higher in full-wave rectifier, there is less ripple
produced in full-wave rectifier when compared to the half-
wave rectifier.
• Working of Full Wave Rectifier
• The full-wave rectifier utilizes both halves of each a.c input. When
the p-n junction is forward biased, the diode offers low resistance and
when it is reverse biased it gives high resistance. The circuit is designed
in such a manner that in the first half cycle if the diode is forward
biased then in the second half cycle it is reverse biased and so on.
Clipper
• Definition: Clipper circuits are the circuits that clip off or removes a portion of
an input signal, without causing any distortion to the remaining part of the
waveform. These are also known as clippers, clipping circuits, limiters, slicers etc.
Clamper
Zener Diode
• A Zener diode not only allows current to
flow from anode to cathode but also, in the
reverse direction on reaching the Zener
voltage. Due to this functionality, Zener
diodes are the most commonly used
semiconductor diodes. In this article, let us
learn the function of Zener diodes along
with its construction, operation and more.
Zener Diode as a Shunt Regulator
• Zener diode is a silicon semiconductor with a p-n junction that is
specifically designed to work in the reverse biased condition. When
forward biased, it behaves like a normal signal diode, but when the reverse
voltage is applied to it, the voltage remains constant for a wide range of
currents. Due to this feature, it is used as a voltage regulator in d.c. circuit.
The primary objective of the Zener diode as a voltage regulator is to
maintain a constant voltage. Let us say if Zener voltage of 5 V is used then,
the voltage becomes constant at 5 V, and it does not change.
Light Emitting Diode [LED]
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND.
• What is LED?
• A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device
that emits light when an electric current flows
through it. When current passes through an LED, the
electrons recombine with holes emitting light in the
process. LEDs allow the current to flow in the forward
direction and blocks the current in the reverse
direction.
Varacter Diode
• Varactor Diode Characteristics
• Varactor diodes are mostly operated under reverse bias conditions; therefore, there is no
conduction. They are voltage-controlled capacitors and are sometimes known as varicap diodes,
although the word varactor is widely used.
• Varactor Diode Applications
• Some applications of varactor diode are given in the points mentioned below.
• They are used in the RF design arena and provide a method of varying the capacitance within a
circuit by applying control voltage. It provides them with special capability, due to which varactor
diodes are used in the RF industry.
• These diodes are used in many circuits and find applications in two main sectors.
• FR filters – Tuning filters using varactor diodes is possible. Tracking filters can be required in front-
end receiver circuits wherein the filters are enabled to track incoming signals’ frequency.
• Voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) – VCOs are used for many applications, and oscillators within
a phase-locked loop are the major region. VCOs are present in almost all wireless receivers and
radios.
Tunnel Diode
• What is a Tunnel Diode?
• A tunnel diode (also known as a Esaki diode) is a type
of semiconductor diode that has effectively “negative
resistance” due to the quantum mechanical effect
called tunneling. Tunnel diodes have a heavily doped
pn junction that is about 10 nm wide. The heavy
doping results in a broken band gap, where
conduction band electron states on the N-side are
more or less aligned with valence band hole states on
the P-side.
Liquid Cristal Display
• LCD
• The LCD display is commonly used in electronic digital
watch displays because of its extremely low electrical
power and relatively low-voltage requirements. The
heart of an LCD is a special liquid that is called
a twisted nematic liquid crystal. This liquid has the
capability of rotating the polarization of
linearly polarized light.
Important question
• 1. Explain the series diode configuration.
• 2. explain the working of half wave and full wave bridge rectifier.
• 3. what are the advantage of full wave rectifier over half wave.
• 4. explain working principle of full wave centre-tap rectifier.
• 5. What are difference in centre-tap and bridge rectifier.
• 6. Draw a simple clipping circuit with suitable wave for and explain
type of clipper.
• 7. How zener diode is used as shunt regulator? Explain it.
• 8. What is a lady? Give its principle of working, construction, advantage
and disadvantages.
• 9. what is varactor diode?
• 10. Explain liquid crystal display (LED).
Thankyou
Made By – AKTU WALA ( Satyam Sahu)
