GRID CODE

TRANSMISSION DIVISION
CEYLON ELECTRICITY BOARD

July 2024 (Grid Connection Code)

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 GENERAL CODE ................................................................................ 1

1.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 1
1.2 APPLICABILITY ............................................................................................... 1
1.3 OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................. 1
1.4 RESPONSIBILITIES ......................................................................................... 1
1.4.1 PUCSL ........................................................................................................... 1
1.4.2 TRANSMISSION LICENSEE ............................................................................... 1
1.4.3 USERS .......................................................................................................... 1
1.5 HIERARCHY OF AUTHORITY ............................................................................. 1
1.7 ACTION IN UNFORESEEN CIRCUMSTANCES ....................................................... 2
1.8 PARTIAL INVALIDITY ....................................................................................... 2
1.9 ACCURACY OF INFORMATION........................................................................... 2
1.10 CONDITIONS OF DISCLAIMER ................................................................................. 3
1.11 CONFIDENTIALITY .................................................................................................. 3
1.12 PROCEDURE FOR SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES ............................................................ 3
1.13 COMMUNICATION BETWEEN TRANSMISSION LICENSEE AND USERS ............................ 3
1.14 INTERPRETATION ................................................................................................... 4
1.14.1 DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................... 4
1.14.2 AMENDMENT OF STANDARDS ............................................................................ 4
1.14.3 INFORMATION AND DATA .................................................................................. 4
1.14.4 GENDER .......................................................................................................... 4
1.14.5 INCLUDING...................................................................................................... 4
1.14.6 PARTY, PERSON OR ENTITY ............................................................................... 4
1.14.7 SINGULARITY AND PLURALITY ........................................................................... 4
1.15 NOMINAL VOLTAGE, NOMINAL FREQUENCY ............................................................... 4
1.16 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................... 4
3 GRID CONNECTION CODE .............................................................. 14
3.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 14
3.2 APPLICABILITY ............................................................................................. 14
3.3 OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................ 14
3.4 TRANSMISSION SYSTEM PERFORMANCE CRITERIA ........................................... 14
3.5 DECLARED VOLTAGE ..................................................................................... 14
3.5.1 VOLTAGE LEVEL ........................................................................................... 15
3.6 SYSTEM POWER QUALITY .............................................................................. 15
3.6.1 FREQUENCY VARIATIONS .............................................................................. 15
3.6.2 VOLTAGE VARIATIONS .................................................................................. 15
3.6.3 VOLTAGE WAVEFORM DISTORTION ................................................................ 15
3.6.4 VOLTAGE FLUCTUATIONS .............................................................................. 15
3.6.5 VOLTAGE UNBALANCE ................................................................................... 16
3.7 EQUIPMENT STANDARDS ............................................................................... 16
3.7.1 BASIC IMPULSE LEVEL .................................................................................. 16
3.7.2 POWER FREQUENCY WITHSTAND VOLTAGE ..................................................... 16
3.7.3 SHORT CIRCUIT LEVEL .................................................................................. 16
3.8 CURRENT DISTORTION LIMITS....................................................................... 16
3.9 EMISSION LIMITS OF FLUCTUATING LOADS .................................................... 16

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 ii

 3.10 PROTECTION ARRANGEMENTS AND FAULT LEVEL CONSIDERATIONS ......................... 17
3.11 NEUTRAL GROUNDING .......................................................................................... 17
3.12 METERING........................................................................................................... 17
3.13 SCADA & COMMUNICATION ................................................................................... 17
3.14 SAFETY ............................................................................................................... 18
3.14.1 EQUIPMENT NUMBERING ................................................................................. 18
3.15 MAINTENANCE ..................................................................................................... 18
3.16 SPECIAL CONNECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR GENERATING UNITS .............................. 18
3.16.1 FREQUENCY VARIATION CAPABILITY ................................................................ 18
3.16.2 VOLTAGE VARIATION CAPABILITY .................................................................... 18
3.16.3 POWER FACTOR VARIATION CAPABILITY ........................................................... 18
3.16.4 UNBALANCED LOADING CAPABILITY ................................................................. 18
3.16.5 LOAD FOLLOWING CAPABILITY ........................................................................ 19
3.16.6 FAULT RIDE-THROUGH CAPABILITY .................................................................. 19
3.16.7 BLACK START CAPABILITY ............................................................................... 19
3.16.8 LINE CHARGING CAPABILITY ........................................................................... 19
3.16.9 EXCITATION SYSTEM ...................................................................................... 19
3.16.10 GOVERNOR RESPONSE .................................................................................. 19
3.16.11 PERFORMANCE MONITORING FACILITY ........................................................... 19
3.16.12 REMOTE MONITORING FACILITY ..................................................................... 20
3.16.13 PROTECTION RELAYING................................................................................. 20
3.16.14 SYNCHRONISING .......................................................................................... 20
3.17 SPECIAL CONNECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR INVERTER BASED RENEWABLE ENERGY
TECHNOLOGIES (IBRE) ................................................................................................ 20
3.17.1 REQUIREMENTS FOR ACTIVE POWER CONTROL AND FREQUENCY SUPPORT ..... 20
3.17.2 REQUIREMENTS FOR REACTIVE POWER CONTROL AND VOLTAGE SUPPORT ..... 27
3.17.3 FAULT RIDE THROUGH / LOW VOLTAGE FAULT RIDE THROUGH (LVRT) ........... 31
3.17.4 REQUIREMENTS FOR CONTROL ................................................................... 33
3.17.5 REQUIREMENTS FOR CONTROL AND PROTECTION PARAMETERS AND
SETTINGS 34
3.17.6 DATA AND INFORMATION EXCHANGE BETWEEN POWER PARK MODULE OWNER
AND THE Transmission Licensees ............................................................................... 35
3.17.7 REQUIREMENTS FOR POWER SYSTEM RESTORATION .................................... 38
3.17.8 TESTING, MONITORING AND COMPLIANCE REVIEW ...................................... 38
3.17.9 HANDLING DEVIATIONS ............................................................................ 39
3.17.10 ANNEX I.I ................................................................................................ 39
3.17.11 ANNEX I.II ............................................................................................... 42
3.18 SPECIAL CONNECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EMBEDDED GENERATING UNITS ............. 45
3.19 SPECIAL CONNECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR DISTRIBUTION LICENSEES .................... 45
3.19.1 UNDER-FREQUENCY LOAD SHEDDING............................................................... 45
3.19.2 CURRENT DISTORTION LIMITS......................................................................... 45
3.19.3 EMISSION LIMITS OF FLUCTUATING LOADS ...................................................... 45
3.20 SPECIAL CONNECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR TRANSMISSION CUSTOMERS ................. 45
3.20.1 UNDER-FREQUENCY LOAD SHEDDING............................................................... 45
3.20.2 CURRENT DISTORTION LIMITS......................................................................... 45
3.20.3 EMISSION LIMITS OF FLUCTUATING LOADS ...................................................... 45
3.21 PROCEDURES FOR APPLICATION FOR GRID CONNECTION ........................................ 45
APPENDIX A – CRITERIA ............................................................................... 46
APPENDIX C – PROCEDURE FOR APPLICATION FOR GRID CONNECTION ....... 52
APPENDIX D: FORECAST DATA....................................................................... 54
APPENDIX E: DATA TO BE PROVIDED BY IBRE ............................................... 55

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 iii

 The Grid Code of Transmission Licensee
Introduction

The Grid Code of the Transmission Licensee, Ceylon Electricity Board, (hereafter referred to as the
“Grid Code”) has been formulated in terms of the provisions of Clause 3.1 (c) and 17(f) of the Sri
Lanka Electricity Act, No 20 of 2009 (SLEA20), which require the licensees to implement and
maintain technical or operational codes in relation to the Transmission System.

Physical laws that govern the behaviour of electrical power systems do not recognise Licensee
boundaries. To plan and operate the system, it needs to be studied and analysed without regard to
such boundaries. The Grid Code sets out the operating procedure and principles governing the
Transmission Licensee and all Users of the Transmission System. It specifies the procedures for both
planning and operational purposes to cover both normal and exceptional circumstances.

The Grid Code has to be revised and amended from time to time, as and when the situations
Demand, to reflect the development of the transmission network, to comply with legislations, and
to adopt appropriate good industry practices.

The primary objectives of the Grid Code are to establish an effective, transparent, non-
discriminatory and coordinated approach for Planning and Operation of the Transmission System,
and to ensure equitable management of technical matters in the interest of all the parties connected
to the grid including Distribution Licensees, Transmission Customers, Generation Licensees and any
other Users.

In the Grid Code, Users are categorised into,

(a) Generation Licensees with generation from conventional resources
(b) Generation Licensees with generation-based on intermittent resources
(c) Generation Licensees with embedded generators
(d) Distribution Licensees
(e) Transmission Customers

This Grid Code has to be read in conjunction with the Distribution Codes of each Distribution
Licensee, if any, for complete and appropriate understanding of the requirements where applicable,
especially with respect to interconnected or overlapping matters.
Currently, the Grid Code consists of (but not limited to) the following Codes, which individually and
collectively form the framework of policies, procedures, practices and requirements of this Grid
Code.

1. General Code
Cites the legal and regulatory framework for the implementation and maintenance of the Grid Code,
and also specifies the general terms and conditions, and definitions applicable to the Grid Code.

2. Grid Planning Code

Describes the technical criteria, planning criteria and planning procedures followed by the
Transmission Licensee in the planning and development of the Licensee’s Transmission System. The
Grid Planning Code also specifies the data and information the Users or Parties seeking connection
to the Transmission System shall supply, for the Transmission Licensee to undertake planning and
development of the Transmission System.

3. Grid Connection Code

Specifies the minimum technical criteria and procedures with respect to connection requirements
that needs to be complied with by the Transmission Licensee and all Users or parties seeking
connection to the Transmission System.

4. Grid Operations Code

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 iv

Specifies operations criteria, guidelines, and procedures to be followed by the Transmission
Licensee, and requirements to be followed by all Users of the Transmission System for coordinated
operation of the Transmission System.
5. Generation Dispatch Code
Specifies rules and procedures to be followed by the System Operator to optimise the system
Dispatch, the role of other Licensees and the role of the Transmission Licensee in this optimisation,
the mechanisms to coordinate the real time operation of the system, and reporting requirements.

6. Grid Metering Code

Specifies technical criteria and procedures for tariff metering between the Transmission Licensee
and all Users or parties seeking connection to the Transmission System.

Annex 1
Annex 1 to the Grid Code gives Rules and Procedures for the Grid Code Enforcement and Review
Panel (GCERP). The Transmission Licensee will ensure that the GCERP is functional within 03 months
from the notification of the concurrence of Public Utilities Commission of Sri Lanka (PUCSL) to the
Grid Code submitted for approval of PUCSL.

The Transmission Licensee is committed to improve the efficiency and the effectiveness of the
Transmission System. The Grid Code has been prepared to reflect power industry international best
practices adapted to Sri Lanka. Therefore, as international norms and best practices evolve, the
contents of the following Appendices too are subject to change. The latest version of each appendix
will be available with the Transmission Licensee, and will be published in the Transmission Licensee’s
website.

Appendix A - Criteria
Appendix A specifies technical criteria of the Transmission System which maybe relevant to Users.

Appendix B – Data
Appendix B specifies technical information and data to be made available by Users to the
Transmission Licensee, and information and data to be made available by the Transmission Licensee
to the Users.

Appendix C – Procedure for Application for Grid Connection

Appendix C specifies the procedure for an application for a connection to the Transmission System.

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 v

1 GENERAL CODE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

This code contains provisions of a general nature that apply to the entirety of the Grid Code. These
include legal and regulatory provisions, and definitions of common terms.

1.2 APPLICABILITY

The General Code is primarily applicable to the Transmission Licensee and to all Users.

1.3 OBJECTIVES

Primary objectives of the General Code are to,

(a) cite the legal and regulatory framework for the implementation and maintenance of the Grid
Code,
(b) define procedures for revising/amending the Grid Code,
(c) define common terms and abbreviations used in the Grid Code,
(d) specify general rules for interpreting provisions in the Grid Code , and
(e) specify rules on communication between the Transmission Licensee and Users.

1.4 RESPONSIBILITIES

1.4.1 PUCSL
PUCSL shall be responsible for approving the Grid Code and amendments there to, as required from
time to time. The Grid Code and amendments will be developed by the Transmission Licensee as and
when necessary to reflect the changes in the regulatory framework and the development of the
transmission network to comply with legislations and good industry practices, and the inspection
functions for the implementation of the Grid Code.

1.4.2 TRANSMISSION LICENSEE

The Transmission Licensee will be responsible for the implementation and maintenance of the Grid Code
in relation to the Transmission System, and to act in accordance with the established good industry
practices.

1.4.3 USERS
Users shall be required to abide by the Grid Code, comply with the instructions and requests of the
Transmission Licensee that may require in discharging Transmission Licensee’s duties in implementation
of the provisions of the Grid Code, and act in accordance with good industry practices.

Specific responsibilities of all parties, the Transmission Licensee, Users and PUCSL, in respect of each
code, have been clearly specified and listed under each code.

1.5 HIERARCHY OF AUTHORITY

The authority of the Grid Code is derived from a hierarchy consisting of parliamentary legislation,
Ministerial regulations and rules, Licenses and guidelines issued by the PUCSL. The hierarchy is
presented in top-down order below:

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 1

 i. Legislation
(a) The Public Utilities Commission of Sri Lanka (PUCSL)
Act, No. 35, 2002
(b) Sri Lanka Electricity Act, No 20, 2009 ii.
Regulations issued by the Minister iii. Rules issued by PUCSL
iv. Grid Code
v. Distribution Code
vi. Contracts between parties
(a) Power Purchase Agreements (PPA) between Generation Licensees and the Transmission
Licensee
(b) Power Sales Agreements (PSA) between the Transmission Licensee, Distribution Licensees and
other Users
(c) Terms and conditions of delivery and acceptance of electricity between Generation Licensee
and the Transmission Licensee
(d) Terms and conditions of delivery and acceptance of electricity between the Transmission
Licensee and Distribution Licensees
(e) Connection agreements between Distribution Licensees and customers
(f) Internal codes of the Transmission Licensee and Distribution Licensees

The above hierarchy shall be applicable to the technical functions, in normal or emergency
circumstances, covered by the Grid Code, but excluding matters of commercial nature, which have no
technical implications.

1.7 ACTION IN UNFORESEEN CIRCUMSTANCES

In unforeseen and extraordinary circumstances, the Transmission Licensee will act in pursuance of any
one or a combination of the following general requirements.

(a) Preservation or restoration of the integrity of the Transmission System.

(b) Avoidance of breakdown, separation or collapse (total or partial) of the Transmission System.
(c) Requirements of safety in all circumstances, including prevention of personal injury.
(d) Prevention of serious damage to Plant and/or apparatus.

The above shall also apply in the event of emergencies such as abnormal weather conditions, fuel
shortages, war, national calamities and abnormal law and order situations.
1.8 PARTIAL INVALIDITY

If any provision or part of a provision of the Grid Code should become or be declared unlawful for any
reason, the validity of all remaining provisions or parts of provisions of the Grid Code shall not be
affected.

1.9 ACCURACY OF INFORMATION

The Transmission Licensee and all Users have a duty to provide such information as are necessary to
facilitate compliance with requirements of the Grid Code. All parties are responsible to ensure accuracy
of such information and data provided by them in accordance with the requirements of the Grid Code.

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 2

The Transmission Licensee has the right to verify such information and data provided by Users, and to
request calculation methodologies, references and error estimations, where necessary, to ensure
proper planning and operation of the Transmission System.

Failure of any party to provide reasonably accurate information and data, or any deliberate attempt to
withhold such information and data or provision of inaccurate information and data, shall be considered
to be non-compliance with the requirements of the Grid Code.

1.10 CONDITIONS OF DISCLAIMER

The Transmission Licensee, in planning and operating the Grid and in contributing to the planning and
operation of the Grid, is required to rely on information provided by Generators, Distribution Licensees,
and other Users, regarding their requirements and intentions. The Transmission Licensee will not be
held responsible for any consequence arising from its reasonable and prudent actions on the basis of
such information and data supplied by any of the Users.

Generators, Distribution Licensees and other Users shall not be held responsible for any consequence,
which arises from the usage of any accurate information and data supplied by them to the Transmission
Licensee.

1.11 CONFIDENTIALITY

Under the terms of the Grid Code, the Transmission Licensee will receive information and data from
Users and vice versa. The Transmission Licensee or any User shall not, other than as required by the
Grid Code or applicable rules, disclose such information and data to any other person without the prior
written consent of the provider of the information and data.

1.12 PROCEDURE FOR SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES

In the event of a dispute between the Transmission Licensee and another Licensee or any other party,
on a matter covered in the Grid Code, the following procedure shall be followed.
The concerned parties shall discuss and attempt to arrive at an amicable settlement in terms of
applicable rules/regulations. If an agreement cannot be reached, parties shall, after deliberations,

(a) formulate and implement a provisional working arrangement, which shall be implemented until
a valid ruling is issued by PUCSL in accordance with the Electricity (Dispute Resolution
Procedure) Rules,
(b) keep the GCERP informed of the provisional working arrangement within three days from the
day such a provisional working arrangement has been implemented. (The GCERP shall submit
its observations to PUCSL), and
(c) follow the applicable rules and regulations, and refer the unresolved dispute to PUCSL.

1.13 COMMUNICATION BETWEEN TRANSMISSION LICENSEE AND USERS

All communication between the Transmission Licensee and Users shall be in accordance with the
provisions of the relevant section of the Grid Code.
Unless otherwise specifically required by the Grid Code, all communications shall be in writing, except
where operation time-scales require oral, facsimile or electronic communication.

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 3

1.14 INTERPRETATION

1.14.1 DEFINITIONS
When a word or a phrase that is defined in the “Definitions and Abbreviations” is more particularly
defined in another code of the Grid Code, and if there is any inconsistency between the two definitions,
the latter of the two definitions shall prevail.

1.14.2 AMENDMENT OF STANDARDS

A reference to a standard shall include any revision, update or a replacement of that standard.

1.14.3 INFORMATION AND DATA

A reference to information shall include both information and data. Any reference to data shall include
both information and data.

1.14.4 GENDER
Any reference to a gender shall include both genders.

1.14.5 INCLUDING
The word “including” or a grammatical variation thereof means “including but not limited to”.

1.14.6 PARTY, PERSON OR ENTITY

Any reference to a party, person or entity shall include an individual, partnership, company, corporation,
association, organisation, institution, or other similar groups.

1.14.7 SINGULARITY AND PLURALITY

Unless otherwise specified, singular shall include the plural and vice-versa.

1.15 NOMINAL VOLTAGE, NOMINAL FREQUENCY

Nominal Voltages in this Grid Code shall be 400,000 Volt (400 kV), 220,000 Volt (220 kV), 132,000
Volt (132 kV), 33,000 Volt (33 kV) and 11,000 Volt (11 kV), and the nominal Frequency shall be 50 Hz.

1.16 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

In the Grid Code, the following words, abbreviations and expressions shall bear the meanings as
indicated in the Table below.

TERM DEFINITION

ac Alternating Current
Active Energy The electrical energy flowing or supplied by an electrical circuit during a
time interval, being the integral with respect to time of Active Power,
measured in units of watt-hours.
Active Power Product of voltage and in-phase component of alternating current
measured in units of Watt (W).

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 4

 TERM DEFINITION

Alternator The electrical machine which is driven by a prime mover and generates
ac electric power. The term “Generator” is reserved, and separately
defined (please see the definition of “Generator”).
Allowed Charges Approved charges Licensees are permitted to levy from customers,
prospective customers and the general public for carrying out work
requested by them.
ALS Automatic Load Shedding
Apparent Power The product of voltage and alternating current measured in units of volt
ampere.
Appendix An appendix to the Grid Code.
Availability The long term average fraction of time that a component or system is in
service and satisfactorily performing its intended function.
Automatic Load A scheme to disconnect Loads without manual intervention, implemented
Shedding by the Transmission Licensee to prevent Frequency collapse in the
Transmission System.
Authorized Person As defined in clause C-3 in part 1 of ‘System Operations Manual’ of
Transmission Licensees.
Auxiliary Any item of plant and/or apparatus not directly a part of the energy
conversion process in a Generating Unit, but required for its functional
operation.
Automatic Voltage The continuously acting automatic equipment, controlling the terminal
Regulator (AVR) voltage of a Synchronous Generating Unit by comparing the actual
terminal voltage with a reference value and controlling by appropriate
means the output of an exciter, depending on the deviations.
Base Case (Plan) Plan developed by adhering to the least cost principles including existing
power plants of any description already in operation as of 1st January of
the current year of the Plan and candidate power plants required to be
included owing to Policy Guidelines in accordance with SLEA20.
Battery Energy Storage Battery Energy Storage System comprises batteries, chargers, power
System converters and related equipment for the purpose of storing electrical
energy in the batteries during the charging process and discharging the
stored electrical energy when required.
A type of energy storage power station that uses a group of batteries to
store electrical energy/to provide electrical energy back to the network,
Battery Storage
which could be a part of Power Park Module as well as standalone
installation.
Black Start The procedure for recovery from a Total failure or Partial failure, using
the Black Start Capability of Generating Units.
Black Start Capability The capability to start a Generating Unit and synchronise with the
System without relying on the external power, using the Power Station’s
own generating capacity.
Captive Power Plant A Generating Unit or a group of Generating Units which produces
electricity for the own use of a Customer.
Commission Public Utilities Commission of Sri Lanka (PUCSL) established under Act,
No. 35, 2002.
Common Connection Multiple Generating Units (SPVG units or WTG units) connected to
Point (CCP) the Grid.

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 5

 TERM DEFINITION

Compensating Ramp A ramp rate setting of Battery Storages that may be used to reduce
Rate the impact of Active Power ramps of the Power Park Modules
Competent Person As defined in clause C-2 in part 1 of ‘System Operations Manual’ of
Transmission Licensees.

Connected Load Aggregate of rated capacity of all apparatus including portable

apparatus in the Consumer’s premises which are supplied or declared by
the Consumer to be taking supply from the system. This shall be
expressed in kW or kVA.
Connection Agreement An agreement between a User and the Transmission Licensee specifying
the procedure for the design, review, construction and commissioning
procedure the User’s connection to the Transmission System, and the
safety procedures, and maintenance program of the equipment used at
the Interconnection Point.
Consumer/Customer Any person or entity, either as the owner or lawful occupier, supplied with
electricity by a Licensee/Supplier, and whose premises are for the time
being, connected to the Licensee’s Transmission or Distribution System
having accepted to receive the electricity supply on the terms and
conditions laid down by the Licensee. A consumer/customer includes a
prospective consumer.
The term “Customer” has the same meaning as “Consumer”, as defined
in SLEA20.
Contingency Reserve Generating capacity that is intended to take care within a short interval
of time to meet the Demand in case of the loss of the largest
Synchronised generating unit or the largest power import source that is
connected to the Grid through an external interconnection.
Contract Demand Maximum real (kW) or apparent (kVA) power Demand agreed to be
supplied by the Licensee/Supplier as stated in the declaration made by a
Customer.
Control Person As defined in clause C-4 in part 1 of ‘System Operations Manual’ of
Transmission Licensees.
Declared Voltage A voltage or voltages declared by a Licensee for the supply of electricity
to a Customer.
Demand The requirement for active power and reactive power unless otherwise
stated.
Demand Forecast The activity which estimates Demand on the Transmission System.
Dispatch The issue of instructions by the Transmission Licensee to a Generating
Plant pursuant to scheduling and Dispatch under the Grid Operations
Code, and the term “Dispatched” shall be construed accordingly.
Dispatch Instructions An instruction by the Transmission Licensee to a Generator to operate,
issued in accordance with the Grid Operations Code.
Disconnect The act of physically separating User’s (or Customer’s) equipment from
the Transmission System.
Distribution Code The document produced by Distribution Licensees pursuant to conditions
of the Electricity Supply License.
Distribution Licensee A person appointed through a License issued by PUCSL to carry out the
functions of Distribution and Supply Business.

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 6

 TERM DEFINITION

Distribution System The system consisting of lines owned and/or operated by a Distribution
Licensee for the purposes of distribution of electricity from a Grid
Substation to another Substation, or to or from any External
Interconnection, or to deliver to Customers, including any plant and
Apparatus and meters owned or used by the Distribution Licensee in
connection with the distribution of electricity.
Driest Condition Hydro energy potential during very dry condition.
Earthing A way of providing a connection between conductors and earth by an
Earthing Device.
Earthing Device A means of providing a connection between a conductor and earth,
being of adequate strength and capability, and conforming to applicable
standards.
Embedded Generator A single generating unit, or a group of generating units, connected to
the distribution network, at voltages between 400 V and 33 kV.
Energy Park An area identified and reserved for the development of IBRE, where
facilities are available for collective connection to the Grid.
External A connection to a network outside the network of the Transmission
Interconnection Licensee.
Financial Year Period commencing on the 1st day of January ending on 31st day of
December of the same year.
Forced Outage An outage of an equipment/system of which no notice can be given
beforehand.
Frequency The number of alternating current cycles per second (expressed in Hertz
or Hz) at which a system is running.
Frequency Control The function to control the Frequency of electricity served through the
Transmission System.
Frequency Response A ramp rate setting of Power Park Modules, or Battery Storages
Ramp Rate used for Primary Response purpose.
Full Load Maximum net electrical output of a Generating Unit after Auxiliaries,
measured at the Interconnection Point.
GCERP Grid Code Enforcement and Review Panel
Generating Plant Plant comprising one or several electricity Generating Units (including
equipment at the Interconnection Point) and all electrical installations
required for operation of the plant.
Generating Unit A single facility for the generation of electrical energy
Generator A person or agency who generates electricity and who is subject to the
Grid Code.
Generation Licensee A person who has been granted a generation license by PUCSL.
Generator Reactive A diagram which shows the MW and MVar capability limits within which
Performance Chart a Generating Unit is expected to operate under steady state conditions
(Capability Curve) in the manner prescribed by the manufacturer of the alternator.
Governor The equipment fixed to Generating Unit that controls its speed
In relation to the operation of the Governor of a Generating Unit, the
Governor Speed Droop percentage drop in Transmission System Frequency which would cause
the Generating Unit under free Governor action to change its output
from zero to full load.
GOSL Government of Sri Lanka

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 7

 TERM DEFINITION

Grid The part of the Total System which is owned and operated by the
Transmission Licensee, also referred to as the Transmission System
Grid Code The Grid Code of Sri Lanka.

Grid Substation There was no definition before. Need a definition: we propose “A facility
at which electricity is converted from HV to MV”
A maximum level under which the power grid can operate normally,
taking into account the impact from nonlinear characteristics of
Harmonic Voltage
equipment connected to the Transmission System. It represents a
Compatibility Level
statistical measure of the overall condition of the Power System from a
harmonic performance point of view.
Maximum allowable voltage harmonic level at a specific point of
Harmonic Voltage
connection and is relevant for the determination of any new User
Planning Level
apportion.
High Voltage or HV Voltage above 33,000 Volt (33 kV).
HV Apparatus High Voltage electrical circuits forming part of a system.
Hydropower Station A hydroelectric Power Station.
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
Interconnection Point The point at which a Generating Plant, a Power import source, a
Distribution Licensee system or a Transmission Customer system is
connected to the Transmission System as specified in the relevant
purchase/sales agreements, as applicable.
Intermittent Resource The primary source of power for a Generating Unit that cannot be
considered as controllable e.g. wind, wave or solar
Inverter Based Generating plants that produce electrical power using renewable energy
Renewable Energy resources with inverter based technologies
Technologies
(IBRE)
License A License granted by PUCSL for the purpose specified.
Licensee Licensee or License Holder is a person or business entity to whom a
License or Authorisation is issued by PUCSL, under the Public Utilities
Commission of Sri Lanka Act No 35 of 2002 and Sri Lanka Electricity Act
No 20 of 2009, for carrying out Generation, Transmission, Distribution
and Supply of electrical energy.
Limitation of Access A permit issued by an Authorised Person defining the limits and nature
of work which may be carried out in the vicinity of live apparatus.
A mode whereby the operation of the Power Park Modules is
frequency insensitive except when the System Frequency exceeds the
predefined frequency threshold, from which point Limited Frequency
Limited Frequency Response shall be provided. For Power Park Modules operation in
Sensitive Mode Limited Frequency Sensitive Mode would require Limited
Frequency Sensitive Mode – Overfrequency (LFSM-O) capability
and Limited Frequency Sensitive Mode – Underfrequency (LFSM-
U) capability.
Limited Frequency A Power Park Modules operating mode which will result in Active
Sensitive Mode – Over Power output reduction in response to a change in System Frequency
frequency (LFSM-O) above a certain value.

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 8

 TERM DEFINITION

Limited Frequency
A Power Park Modules operating mode which will result in Active
Sensitive Mode –
Power output increase in response to a change in System Frequency
Underfrequency (LFSM-
below a certain value.
U)
Licensee Information A facility through which all Licensees are required to submit the required
Submission System or information on line to the PUCSL.
LISS
Load The Active and Reactive Power, as the context requires, generated,
transmitted or distributed, and all similar terms shall be construed
accordingly.
Load Following The ability of a Generating Unit to operate, continuously adjusting its
Capability generating output in accordance with the Demand fluctuations, while
maintaining its speed within specified limits.
Loss of Load Probability The percentage of time during which the System Load exceeds the
(LOLP) available Generation capacity in the System.
Medium Voltage or MV Above 400 Volt, up to and including 33,000 Volt
Minister Minister in charge of Power in the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri
Lanka
Operating Margin Extra Generation capacity comprising Contingency Reserve and
Operating Reserve, that is required in a System to cover uncertainties in
plant availability, deviation of Demand from its Forecast value, loss of
external connections, loss of Generation, weakness of the Transmission
System and other factors so that the system is operated within the
specifications and standards of the License.
Operating Reserve The additional output from Generating Plant and/or the reduction in
Demand which is available to respond to manage the mismatch between
Generation and Demand.
Outage In relation to a Generating Plant, a total or partial reduction in
availability owing to failure or maintenance of the plant or its Auxiliary
System; or an interruption in supply of fuel. In relation to the
Transmission System, the removal of any part of the Transmission
System owing to a breakdown or maintenance.
Output The actual output at the Interconnection Point of a Generating Plant
derived from data measured pursuant to the Grid Metering Code.
Overall Accuracy The combined accuracy of meters and instrument transformers whose
secondary circuits feed the meters.
Partial Failure The condition existing when all generation as well as electricity supply
from all external connections to a part of the Total System has ceased,
causing loss of power to more than five (5) Grid Substations
Transmission Customers. That part of the System is therefore cannot
begin to function without the Transmission Licensee’s directions relating
to restoration.
Part Load Condition of a Generating Unit which is loaded but is not running at its
declared availability.
Party Any person, corporate body, company, organisation, authority, firm or
association subject to the provisions of the Grid Code.

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 9

 TERM DEFINITION

Permit to Isolate A permit issued by the Control Person to release the apparatus from the
service as requested by the Competent Person/Authorized Person as
appropriate.

Permit to Work (PTW) A permit signed and given by an Authorised Person to a person in
charge of work defining the work to be carried out on any earthed HV
Apparatus for the purpose of making known to such person exactly
what apparatus is dead, isolated from all live conductors, discharged,
connected to earth, and on which it is safe to work.
Planned Outage An Outage in relation to a Generating Plant or items of Power Station
Equipment which has been planned and agreed with the Transmission
Licensee in advance of the year in which it is to be taken. Planned
outage also means the outage of any part of the Transmission System
which may affect supply to a Distribution Licensee’s system or a
Transmission Customer, which is intimated by the Transmission
Licensee to the Distribution Licensee or the Transmission Customer.
Policy Guidelines General Policy Guidelines issued with respect to fuel diversity and the
preferred fuel for new electricity generation, as provided in section
5(2)(b) of SLEA20, and approved as provided for in section 5(3) of
SLEA20.
Power Factor Ratio of active power (kW) to apparent power (kVA)
Multiple interconnected Generating Units (SPVG units or WTG units)
Power Park Module that have a common Connection Point and utilize renewable energy as
the primary energy source.
PPM Power Park Module

Power Park Module An entity who owns/operates a power park module connected to
User/Owner Transmission Licensees’s AC grid.

Power Purchase The Agreement entered into between a Generator and the Transmission
Agreement Licensee pursuant to which the Transmission Licensee, amongst other
matters, agrees to purchase electrical energy from the Generator at an
identified Interconnection Point between the Generator and the
Transmission System.
Power Station An installation comprising one or more Generating units owned and/or
controlled by the same Generator, which may reasonably be considered
as being managed as one entity.
PPA Power Purchase Agreement
Protection Provisions for detecting abnormal conditions on a system and initiating
fault clearance, and activating alarms and indications.
Prudent Utility Practices Any of the practices, methods and acts not specified in any specific
standards, but has consistently shown results superior to those achieved
with other means and generally accepted by the electric Utility industry
as most appropriate to accomplish the desired results at a reasonable
cost.
PUCSL Public Utilities Commission of Sri Lanka incorporated under PUCSL Act,
2002.

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 10

 TERM DEFINITION

Reactive Power The product of voltage and the quadrature component of alternating
current measured in units of volt-amperes reactive (Var).
Reactive Energy The integral with respect to time of the Reactive Power measured in
units of volt ampere hour reactive.
Reference Case (Plan) Plan developed by adhering to least cost principles including only
existing power plants of any description already in operation as of 1st
January of the current year of the Plan, new power plants that fulfil
least-cost principles, but excluding candidate power plants required to
be included owing to Policy Guidelines.
Renewable Energy Desk A real time control and monitoring system in which the control and data
(RED) collection functions of IBRE are carried out from a central station through
a communications system. Based on this data and the system
requirements System Operator can issue control instructions via this desk
to respective IBRE where applicable.
Rotational Load Planned Disconnection of Customers on a rotational basis during periods
Shedding when there is a significant shortfall of generation required to meet the
total Demand.

Resource Following A ramp rate setting of Power Park Modules used during Start-Up and
Ramp Rate normal operation.

Sanction for Test A permit signed and given by an Authorised Person to a person in
charge of testing any apparatus connected to the Transmission or
Distribution System for the purpose of making known to such person
exactly what apparatus is to be tested, and the condition under which
the testing is to be carried out.
Safety Precautions Methods and procedures adopted to ensure safety and avoid danger
when working in a hazardous environment. In relation to working on HV
Apparatus, this entails but is not limited to Isolation and/or Earthing.
Safety Procedures The procedures specified within a safety management system.

A ramp rate setting of Power Park Modules, or Battery Storages

Set-Point Ramp Rate
used for Active Power control during AGC control process.

Shutdown The condition of the equipment when it is de-energized or disconnected

from the Transmission System or the Distribution System.
Significant Incident An event with a significant effect on either the Transmission System or
a User’s System, and usually entails one or more of the following
operational effects:
Tripping of plant and/or apparatus manually or automatically
Voltage outside statutory limits
System Frequency outside statutory limits
System instability
System overload
Whether an event has a significant effect on a system is determined by
the entity (Transmission Licensee or User) that owns that system.
Single Buyer Transmission Licensee in relation to the Bulk Supply and Operations
business.
SLEA20 Sri Lanka Electricity Act no 20 of 2009.

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 11

 TERM DEFINITION

Spinning Reserve Unloaded generating capacity, which is Synchronized to the system and
is ready to provide increased generation at short notice pursuant to
Dispatch Instruction or instantaneously in response to a Frequency drop.

SPGM Synchronous Power Generation Module

SPVG Solar Photovoltaic Generation

Supervisory Control and A real time control and monitoring system in which the control and data
Data Acquisition collection functions are carried out from a central station through a
(SCADA) communications system. System data is monitored and fed back to the
central terminal continually, based on which control instructions are
issued to all parts of the system. The communication system can be
fibre optics, power line carrier, microwave or any other means of
communication.
Synchronized The condition where an incoming Generating Unit or system is
connected to another system so that the Frequency and phase
relationships of that Generating Unit or system, as the case may be, and
the system to which it is connected are identical. The terms
“Synchronize” and “Synchronization” shall be construed accordingly.

A facility or system service provided by a Power Park Module system

Synthetic Inertia to replicate the effect of inertia of a Synchronous Generating Unit to
a prescribed level of performance during a frequency deviation.

System Operator Transmission Licensee in relation to its Operations Business including

System Control Centre of the Transmission Licensee performing
functions of a load dispatch center and associated activities in planning,
operations and control.
A measure of AC system strength at an interconnection point. It is
System Short Circuit typically defined as the ratio of the rated power of a piece of equipment
Ratio (SSCR) (e.g. Power Park Module or Synchronous Generating Unit) to the
short circuit power at the point of interconnection.
Transmission Customer Customers/Consumers connected to the Transmission System and
included in the License.
Transmission Licensee Ceylon Electricity Board appointed through a license issued by PUCSL to
carry out functions of Transmission Business and the Bulk Supply and
Operations Business.

Transmission System The system which is owned and operated by the Transmission Licensee
and which consists (wholly or mainly)of High Voltage transmission lines
and generating plant, and which is used for transmitting electricity from
a Generating Plant to a Substation, from one Generating Plant to
another or from one Substation to another, including all High Voltage
transmission lines which are used to convey electricity to the premises
of Transmission Customers (but shall not include any such lines which
form part of any Distribution System).

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 12

 TERM DEFINITION

Total Failure The condition of complete loss of generation in the Total System with no
electricity supply from any External Interconnection. The Total System
will not begin to function again without the Transmission Licensee’s
directions relating to Black Start.
Total System The Transmission System and all systems of Users of the Transmission
System connected directly or connected through the system of another
Licensee.
Under-frequency Relay An electric measuring relay intended to operate when its characteristic
quantity (Frequency) decreases below the relay setting by decrease in
Frequency.
Unserved Energy The amount of energy which may not be served per year owing to
generating capacity deficiencies or shortages.
User Person or entity that is connected to the Transmission System. More
specific definitions are identified in relevant codes.
User System or User’s Any system owned or operated by a User including Generating Units,
System Distribution Systems and Customer equipment together with plant
and/or Apparatus connecting them to the Transmission System.
Utility Any person or entity engaged in the generation, transmission, sale,
distribution or supply of electrical energy, as the case may be.
Virtual Metering Point An effective point of measurement that may or may not be physically
locatable, where active energy or reactive energy deemed to have been
transferred through the point is derived from an algorithmic
manipulation of the active energy and reactive energy data of one or
more metering points.
Water Management The secretariat established to coordinate the management of surface
Secretariat water resources in Sri Lanka
WMS Water Management Secretariat
WTG Wind Turbine Generator

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 13

3 GRID CONNECTION CODE

3.1 INTRODUCTION

The Gird Connection Code (GCC) establishes minimum technical criteria with respect to design,
connection, performance, protection and telecommunication requirements that need to be complied
with by,

(a) the Transmission Licensee at the Interconnection Points,

(b) the Transmission Licensee when connecting new assets,
(c) Generation Licensees when seeking connection to the Transmission System or modifications of
existing connections,
(d) Users when seeking connection to the Transmission System or modification of existing
connections.

Establishment of such criteria will assure a safe, stable and secure Transmission System.

3.2 APPLICABILITY

GCC applies to the Transmission Licensee, all Users and all parties seeking connection to the
Transmission System.

3.3 OBJECTIVES

Objectives of the GCC are to,

(a) specify technical, design and operational criteria at the Interconnection Points,
(b) specify data required by the Transmission Licensee from Users,
(c) specify data required by Users from the Transmission Licensee,
(d) ensure that the basic rules for connection to the Transmission System are clear and guarantee
fairness and equality of treatment to all who request connections or modifications to existing
connections, and
(e) ensure that any connection to the Transmission System will not cause unacceptable effects on
the Transmission System or that it will not have any adverse effects on the User’s system to be
connected to it.

3.4 TRANSMISSION SYSTEM PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

The Transmission Licensee shall ensure that its system will operate in compliance with the limits given
in relevant appendices to the GCC. Users who request new connections or modification of existing
connections shall ensure that all their equipment will be able to be operated safely and reliably within
the conditions specified in the relevant Sections of the Grid Code.

3.5 DECLARED VOLTAGE

Declared Voltages at the Interconnection Point shall be as given in Appendix A Section 3.1, whilst the
nominal Frequency will be 50 Hz, with R-Y-B counter-clockwise phase rotation.

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 14

3.5.1 VOLTAGE LEVEL
Voltage level at which the User’s installation is connected to the Transmission System will be decided
by the Transmission Licensee based on the parameters of the User's system and the power to be
injected or drawn out at the Interconnection Point.
3.6 SYSTEM POWER QUALITY

The Transmission Licensee will assess the power quality in the Transmission System with the parameters
given below.
(a) Frequency variations
(b) Voltage variations
(c) Voltage waveform distortion
(d) Voltage fluctuations
(e) Unbalanced loading

3.6.1 FREQUENCY VARIATIONS

The Frequency of the system shall be nominally 50 Hz and shall be controlled within the limits of
49.5 Hz and 50.5 Hz unless abnormal conditions prevail. Under abnormal conditions, the system
Frequency could fall or rise for system conditions specified in Appendix A Table 3.1.B. Users shall
design their systems to operate under normal as well as abnormal conditions.

3.6.2 VOLTAGE VARIATIONS

The nominal voltages of the Transmission System will be as stated in the Grid Code. However, within
the Transmission System, voltage may vary within the limits stated in Appendix A Table 3.1.C. Users
shall design their systems to operate within these limits.

The Transmission Licensee and a User may agree to larger or smaller variations in voltage set out above
in relation to a particular Interconnection Point, in so far as such a larger or smaller variation does not
affect other Users.

3.6.3 VOLTAGE WAVEFORM DISTORTION

Allowed waveform distortion in the Transmission System is limited to that specified in Appendix A
Section 3.1(D). Users shall ensure that their connection to the Transmission System does not cause
the level of distortion on the Transmission System at the Interconnection Point to exceed these limits.
Prospective Users, who intend to connect their systems that generate harmonics, shall evaluate the
production and propagation of harmonic distortion in the Transmission System and design their system
so that distortions do not exceed the allowed limits. Such study reports shall be submitted to the
Transmission Licensee. After each such User’s System is connected to the Transmission System, the
User shall measure and prove that distortions do not exceed the allowed limits.

3.6.4 VOLTAGE FLUCTUATIONS

Allowed voltage fluctuation in the Transmission System is limited to that specified in Appendix A
Section 3.1(E). Users shall ensure that their connection to the Transmission system does not result in
exceeding the limits of fluctuation of supply voltage (producing flicker) on the Transmission System, at
the Interconnection Point.

Users whose systems produce flicker, shall evaluate its effect on the Transmission System and design
their system so that fluctuations do not exceed the allowed limits. Such study reports shall be submitted
to the Transmission Licensee. After such a User’s System is connected to the Transmission System,
the User shall measure and prove that fluctuations do not exceed the allowed limits.

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 15

3.6.5 VOLTAGE UNBALANCE
Design of a User’s system shall enable it to remain synchronised and connected to the Transmission
System during an unbalance voltage condition, as specified in Appendix A Section 3.1(F).

3.7 EQUIPMENT STANDARDS

All equipment used at the Interconnection Point, overhead lines, underground cables, Substations and
User installations shall conform to applicable statutory obligations and comply with the relevant IEC
standards. Where IEC standards are not available, the Transmission Licensee’s specifications and
publications shall be applicable. Prospective Users shall seek advice from the Transmission Licensee
when necessary, in this regard, and the Transmission Licensee is required to comply with such requests.

The standards, publications and specifications referred to above shall be those prevailing at the time
the plant or equipment was designed or manufactured. However, if any such equipment is reused or
moved to a different location, then such standards, publications or specifications current at the time,
shall become applicable.

3.7.1 BASIC IMPULSE LEVEL

Users shall ensure that their systems can withstand the impulse levels specified in Appendix A Section
3.1(G).

3.7.2 POWER FREQUENCY WITHSTAND VOLTAGE

Users shall ensure that their systems can withstand the Power Frequency withstand voltages specified
in Appendix A Section 3.1(H) for a period not less than one (1) minute.

3.7.3 SHORT CIRCUIT LEVEL

Users shall ensure the User’s Systems can withstand the three phase short circuit levels specified in
Appendix A Section 3.1(I).

3.8 CURRENT DISTORTION LIMITS

The allowed current distortion limits are specified in Appendix A Section 3.1(J). All Users shall ensure
that their load current harmonic distortion does not exceed the allowed current distortion levels, at the
Interconnection Point.

All Users and Prospective Users shall measure and evaluate the current harmonic distortion in the User’s
System or Generation system, and shall ensure that distortions do not exceed the allowed limits as
specified in Appendix A Section 3.1(J). Such measurement and study reports shall be submitted to
the Transmission Licensee. After such new User’s system is connected to the Transmission System,
such User shall measure and prove that distortions do not exceed the allowed limits.

The method of measurement and preparation of study reports shall be as specified in Appendix A
Section 3.1(J).

3.9 EMISSION LIMITS OF FLUCTUATING LOADS

The allowed emission limits are specified in Appendix A Section 3.1(K). All Users shall ensure that
the emissions from fluctuating loads do not exceed the allowed emission levels, at the Interconnection
Point.

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 16

Users and prospective Users shall measure and evaluate the emission of fluctuations in the User’s
System and shall ensure that distortions do not exceed the allowed limits as specified in clause 3.11.1
of Appendix A Section 3.1(K). Such measurement and study reports shall be submitted to the
Transmission Licensee. After such new User’s System is connected to the Transmission System, the
User shall measure and prove that distortions do not exceed the allowed emission limits.

The method of measurement and preparation of study reports shall be as specified in Appendix A
Section 3.1(K).

3.10 PROTECTION ARRANGEMENTS AND FAULT LEVEL CONSIDERATIONS

The Transmission Licensee shall ensure that its system is designed and operated in a manner to clear
the abnormal conditions that may occur in the system in the minimum possible time, without causing
any damages to the User’s System or equipment.

The User shall ensure that all protection schemes on his side of the Interconnection Point are properly
coordinated with protection systems of the Transmission System, and shall operate as required by the
Connection Agreement, thus minimising adverse effects on the Transmission System during periods the
User’s plant and equipment remain connected to the Transmission System.

Protection schemes employed in the Transmission System and User’s systems shall have appropriate
backup protection schemes and breaker fail schemes. The Transmission Licensee shall provide all
necessary information including maximum and minimum fault levels, maximum clearance times, auto-
reclosing or sequential switching features to enable the User to design its protection system. Grid Users
shall not change the protection relay settings without obtaining written permission from the
Transmission Licensee.

Users shall obtain the approval of the Transmission Licensee for the protection systems and the
protection settings employed in User’s systems during the application process for connection.

3.11 NEUTRAL GROUNDING

The Transmission Licensee shall specify the grounding requirements of a system to be connected to the
Transmission System to ensure that the User system grounding is compatible with that of the
Transmission System.

3.12 METERING

Metering Equipment to be installed at Interconnection Points shall comply with the standards defined in
the Grid Metering Code and provisions of the Connection Agreement.

3.13 SCADA & COMMUNICATION

A fully functional communication and SCADA System will be established and maintained by the
Transmission Licensee.

The Transmission Licensee will provide the necessary facilities at the Interconnection Point for the User
to upload data to the SCADA system and to receive control signals from the SCADA system in
accordance with the Connection Agreement.

Communication and SCADA systems shall have the capability for the System Operator to carry out
switching operations in the Transmission System and data acquisition. Voice and data communication
facilities shall be secured against unauthorised access in accordance with the standards specified.

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 17

The above requirement shall also apply to all IBRE directly connected to grid substations.

3.14 SAFETY

All Users shall follow the procedures laid down in the Grid Operations Code on safety issues.

3.14.1 EQUIPMENT NUMBERING

All equipment used at the Interconnection Point including overhead lines, underground cables,
Substations and User installations shall conform to the numbering and nomenclature of the
Transmission Licensee.

3.15 MAINTENANCE

The Transmission Licensee and the User shall maintain all switchgear and equipment installed at the
Interconnection Point according to well laid down programs. These shall not pose any threat to the
safety of personnel or cause damage to other equipment.

Both the Transmission Licensee and Users shall be required to keep test records relating to the
equipment installed by each Party, and shall make such records available whenever a request is made
by the other Party.

3.16 SPECIAL CONNECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR GENERATING UNITS

All Generating Units other than the embedded generating units shall be centrally Dispatched and shall
fulfil the following conditions:

3.16.1 FREQUENCY VARIATION CAPABILITY

Generating Units shall be capable of delivering the declared active and reactive power outputs within
the system Frequency variations, specified in this GCC.

The Transmission Licensee and a User may agree to lower active power delivering capability when
system Frequency falls below one percent (1%) of the rated Frequency.

Generating Units shall be protected against Frequency excursions outside the ranges specified in
Appendix A Section 3.2(A).

3.16.2 VOLTAGE VARIATION CAPABILITY

Generating Units shall be capable of delivering the declared active and reactive power outputs within
the voltage variations specified in Appendix A Section 3.2(B).

3.16.3 POWER FACTOR VARIATION CAPABILITY

Generating Units shall be capable of continuously delivering the declared outputs at any point between
the Power Factors of 0.8 lagging and 0.9 leading, in accordance with its reactive power Capability Curve,
unless otherwise agreed in the Connection Agreement, and operate in voltage control mode to support
dynamic reactive power requirements during disturbances.

3.16.4 UNBALANCED LOADING CAPABILITY

Generating Units shall be capable of being synchronised to the Transmission System during a load
unbalance, in accordance with the relevant IEC standard.

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 18

 In addition, under unbalanced fault conditions in the Transmission System or in a User’s System, the
Generating Units shall be capable of withstanding the resulting negative sequence loading and also
remain connected to the Grid, until the appropriate protection scheme clears the fault.

3.16.5 LOAD FOLLOWING CAPABILITY

All Generating Units shall have the load following capability other than those exempted by the
Transmission Licensee.

3.16.6 FAULT RIDE-THROUGH CAPABILITY

Generating Units shall be capable of remaining synchronised during and following any fault disturbance
anywhere on the Transmission System which could result in voltage dips at the HV terminals of the
generator transformer of no greater than 95% of nominal voltage (5% retained) for fault durations up
to and including the fault ride-through times as defined in Appendix A Section 3.2(C) and voltage
dips of no greater than 50% of nominal Voltage. (i.e. 50% retained ) for fault durations up to and
including the fault ride through times as defined in Appendix A Section 3.2(C) (see also fault ride
through envelopes in Appendix A Section 3.2(D)). Following the fault clearance, the Generating Unit
should return to pre-fault conditions subject to its normal Governor control system and Automatic
Voltage Regulator (AVR) response.

Fault ride-through times given in Appendix A section 3.2 (C) and (D) will only serve as a guide.

The use of extraordinary Governor response and/or extraordinary AVR response to remain synchronised
during and following a fault is prohibited unless specifically agreed with the Transmission Licensee.
3.16.7 BLACK START CAPABILITY
The Transmission Licensee shall decide on the generators where Black Start Capability is required. If
any Generating Unit intends having Black Start Capability, then the Transmission Licensee shall be
informed accordingly.

3.16.8 LINE CHARGING CAPABILITY

All Generating Units shall have line charging capability other than those exempted by the Transmission
Licensee.

3.16.9 EXCITATION SYSTEM

Generating Units shall be equipped with a continuously-acting automatic excitation control system to
control the open circuit terminal voltage within 10% of the declared voltage specified in this GCC, with
facilities for disabling constant reactive power control or constant Power Factor control.

3.16.10 GOVERNOR RESPONSE

(a) Power and Frequency Control of the Generating Units shall be achieved with fast-acting prime
mover speed Governor.
(b) The Governor shall have the capability to freely regulate the Frequency with adjustable
Governor Speed Droop settings in the range of 2% to 10%.
(c) The inherent dead band shall not be more than ±0.05 Hz. There shall be an adjustable dead
band in the range of ±1 Hz incorporated with droop characteristics for flexibility of operations.
(d) If and when the Generating Unit is required to operate in an islanded mode, then the Governor
Control System shall ensure that the islanded system will operate within the system Frequency
range specified in this GCC.

3.16.11 PERFORMANCE MONITORING FACILITY

Generating Units shall be provided with a high resolution performance monitoring/recording facility that
shall include the following features:

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 19

 (a) Governor Frequency response
(b) Transient and dynamic response of the Generating Unit in terms of real and reactive power
output (MW and MVar)
(c) Frequency (Hz) and voltage (Volt) at the Generating Unit terminal and on the HV side of the
generator transformer

3.16.12 REMOTE MONITORING FACILITY

Generating Units shall be equipped with necessary provisions for remote monitoring of its operating
conditions, which shall include the following:

(a) Generating Unit output

(b) Loading on switchgear
(c) Protection relay operations
(d) Alarms, indications and events

3.16.13 PROTECTION RELAYING

Generating Units shall be provided with protection against grid disturbances/abnormalities and also
against internal faults within the Generating Unit and associated switchgear, which shall include loss of
excitation and pole slipping protection. Users shall obtain the approval of the Transmission Licensee
for the protection systems employed in Users’ Systems during the application process for connection.
Relay setting calculations and the proposed system related settings shall be submitted to the
Transmission Licensee for approval. Approved Generating Unit protection systems and relay settings
shall not be changed without prior written permission from the Transmission Licensee.

3.16.14 SYNCHRONISING
Synchronising facilities for generating units shall be provided either at the Generating Unit circuit
breaker or at the generator transformer HV circuit breaker, as required by the Transmission Licensee.

3.17 SPECIAL CONNECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR INVERTER BASED RENEWABLE

ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES (IBRE)

3.17.1 REQUIREMENTS FOR ACTIVE POWER CONTROL AND FREQUENCY SUPPORT

3.17.1.1 Frequency ranges

I. Operating ranges
a) “The power park module shall be capable of staying connected to the Transmission System
and remain continuously operable within the System Frequency range 49 to 51Hz”. Decrease
of output Active Power is permitted in the frequency range of 47 to 49 Hz.

b) “Minimum time period a power park module shall be able to operate for different frequencies
deviating from a nominal value without disconnecting from the Transmission System is as
follows:”

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 20

 Frequency Requirement
Range
47 - 47.5 Hz Operation for a period of at least 1 continuous minute is required each time the
System Frequency is below 47.5Hz.
47.5 – 49 Hz Operation for a period of at least 90 continuous minutes is required each time the
System Frequency is below 49Hz.
49 – 51 Hz Continuous operation is required.
51- 51.5 Hz Operation for a period of at least 90 continuous minutes is required each time the
System Frequency is above 51 Hz. Decrease of output power is not permitted.
51.5 – 52 Hz Operation for a period of at least 20 continuous minutes is required each time the
System Frequency is above 51.5Hz. Decrease of output power is not permitted.
52 – 53 Hz Operation for a period of at least 20 continuous seconds is required each time the
System Frequency is above 52Hz. Decrease of output power is not permitted.

The proposed requirements for power park module are depicted in Figure 3.17- 1.

Figure 3.17- 1: Expected withstand durations and real power capability during frequency Deviations

The following points describe the requirements depicted in Figure 3.17- 1 further for clarity.

i The power park module is capable to operate within the frequency rage 47 – 53 Hz.
ii The power park module USER shall reduce the power level below this limit only upon
instruction from the System Operator.
iii The above are minimum requirements. The power park module owner shall communicate their
technical duration capability to Transmission Licensees including when the frequency is above
53 Hz.

II. Operation over a wider frequency range

Transmission Licensees may request a certain power park module owner to operate on wider
frequency ranges or longer minimum times for operation if needed to preserve or to restore
system security. If wider frequency ranges or longer minimum times for operation are

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 21

 economically and technically feasible, the power park module owner shall not unreasonably
withhold consent. This will be defined in the Connection Agreement/Power Purchases
Agreement (PPA) between Transmission Licensees and the power park module owner, while
ensuring that all the Regulations are also met.

III. Automatic disconnection

Without prejudice to Section I above, a power park module shall be capable of automatic
disconnection at frequencies specified by Transmission Licensees.

IV. Active Power capability

The power park module shall be capable of maintaining it full power rating (or the operating power
at the time of the frequency drop) if the frequency drop is not below 49 Hz.
Maximum 6% admissible active power output reduction is allowed from its operating point if the
system frequency falls within 49 Hz to 47 Hz.

V. Active Power capability outside listed frequency ranges

The power park module shall maintain its full power capability when the frequency is between 50
Hz and 51.5 Hz. The power park module owner shall communicate their technical duration
capability (over and above what has been stated in Section I above) to Transmission Licensees
when the frequency is above 52 Hz.

VI. Protection settings

The protection settings of the power park module equipment connecting to the Transmission
system should not violate the frequency limits provided in Section I above.

3.17.1.2 Rate of change of frequency withstand Capability

The power park module shall be capable of staying connected to the Transmission System and operable
if the System Frequency changes at a rate between -2.5 Hz/s and +2.5 Hz/s (measured at any point in
time as an average of the rate of change of frequency for the previous 500 ms).

In case of tripping due to activation of RoCoF, Transmission Licensees may direct that the Power Park
Module should not be automatically connected if the frequency is above 50.5Hz. When the frequency is
restored to below 50.5Hz following a tripping due to the activation of RoCoF, Transmission Licensees
may direct that the reconnection will be initiated a delay of 5min from the time system frequency falls
below 50.5Hz. Specific details will be determined on a case by case basis and informed to the PPM
owner.

The requirements stated in above is the minimum requirement and Transmission Licensees may list
additional requirements for specific connections if system studies indicate a need. Such requirements
will be specified in the Connection & Interface Agreement/Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) or possible
other ancillary service agreements as applicable.

3.17.1.3 Active power controllability; control range and ramp rates

All Power Plants above 5MW capacity must comply with the Active Power Control Capability as specified
under this section.

The Active Power output under steady state conditions of any power park module directly connected to
the Transmission System shall not be affected by frequency and voltage changes in the normal operating
range.

I. Active power control capability

i. A power park module shall be capable of adjusting the transmitted active power following
dispatch instruction from Transmission Licensees. Increase of active power output will be

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 22

 limited by the maximum declared active power capacity. Power Park Module shall be capable
of reducing the output to any value below its declared active power capacity.

It should be the responsibility of the Power Park Module Owner to Incorporate sufficient features
and energy storage as necessary to meet Transmission Licensees criteria.

ii. The power park module shall be equipped with control functions to support system frequency
control. Upon receiving a signal, the power park module shall be capable of modulating the
power output within 100 ms or as agreed between Transmission Licensees and the PPM
owner.

iii. Maximum and Minimum Power Step Size for Adjusting Active Power – Specific values may be
specified by Transmission Licensees to the PPM owner.

II. Active power ramp rates

A power park module shall be capable of adjusting the ramping rate of active power variations within
its technical capabilities in accordance with instructions sent by Transmission Licensees. Minimum
acceptable values for each technology are indicated in below figures. These ramp rates are not to
be confused with the resource side variation smoothing requirement set for PV plants. The settling
time(Ts) shall be within 20-30 seconds and allowable set value tolerance shall be within -2% to
+2%.

Figure 3.17- 2: Active power upward ramping rates

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 23

 Figure 3.17- 3: Active power downward ramping rates [SPGM: synchronous power generation
modules]

III.Active power control modes

If specified by Transmission Licensees, the control functions of a power park module shall be capable
of taking RAS (Remedial Action Scheme) including, but not limited to, stopping the ramping and
blocking FSM, LFSM-O, LFSM-U and frequency control. The triggering and blocking criteria shall be
specified by Transmission Licensees. The modalities of that notification shall be determined and
agreed between the Power Park Module owner and Transmission Licensees.

IV. Power control range

Figure 3.17- 4 shows the minimum active and reactive power (P-Q) requirements that the power
park module shall comply with.

V. Active Power Dispatch during Operations

Despite the active power capability requirements specified under this section, final operation shall
be based on operational instructions received from the national system control center (as long as
such instructions are within the capability specified here)

Figure 3.17- 4: Steady state active and reactive power limits

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 24

 Note: Specific additional requirements may be determined by Transmission Licensees through
system studies for specific projects. In such cases, Transmission Licensees may request a design
with a wider reactive power capability. (Under reduced active power operation). This may include
higher reactive power injection at reduced power output and reactive power injection up to the plant
capacity at P=0.

3.17.1.4 Synthetic inertia capability

If requested by Transmission Licensees as a requirement, the Power Park module shall be capable of
providing synthetic inertia in response to frequency changes, activated in low and/or high frequency
regimes by rapidly adjusting the active power injected to or withdrawn from the AC network in order to
limit the rate of change of frequency. The requirement shall at least take account of the results of the
studies undertaken by the Transmission Licensees to identify if there is a need to set out the minimum
inertia.

The principle of this control system and the associated performance parameters shall be agreed between
Transmission Licensees and the park module owner. The performance shall be demonstrated through
system studies.

3.17.1.5 Frequency Control

3.17.1.6 Primary Frequency Regulation Mode/ Droop Control (FSM)

Frequency Sensitive Mode (FSM)

Power Park Modules shall be able to operate at a specified power reference point under normal
Transmission System conditions.
The Power Park Modules shall be able to contribute to frequency response for frequencies specified in
this Grid Code. The power output shall be continuous at a specified ramp rate. The active power ramp
adjustment shall be possible in the range specified by Transmission Licensees.

The Generator should be capable of operating within any of the following settings.

Parameters Capability of the Plant Set Point1

Frequency Dead band 0 to 0.5 Hz 0.01 Hz

Droop setting 2% to 9% 4%

Frequency response insensitivity 0.01 Hz-0.03 Hz 0.015Hz

Active power margin that must be - 10% to +10% -5% to + 5%

maintained to allow for frequency response

Allowable delay for activation 0.5 s

Reponses time for full deployment of full 10 s

FSM active power range

1
If the final set point is different to the values specified in the table, such value will be communicated by
Transmission Licensees at the time of the interconnection.

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 25

A typical FSM implementation is shown in Figure 3.17- 5.

Figure 3.17- 5: Typical FSM settings

3.17.1.7 Limited Frequency sensitive mode [over-frequency (LFSM-O), under-

frequency (LFSM-U)]

Limited Frequency Sensitive Mode (LFSM) shall be activated when the system is in an emergency state
after a severe disturbance. The Power Park Modules shall have the Limited Frequency Sensitive Modes
included in the design.
The generic settings for LFSM is given below and if any specific settings are required for a given Power
Park Module, they shall be informed by Transmission Licensees on a case by case basis, based on specific
system characteristics, expected operating conditions and the interconnection points.

• Step response time (typically 2s-5s).

• Settling time (typically 20s-30s).
• Set point tolerance (+-2%)

The LFSM-U is activated when the frequency is below 49.8Hz. The Power Park module shall be able to
continuously increase the active power output to the agreed limit at a rate specified by Transmission
Licensees.
The LFSM-O is activated when the frequency is above 50.1Hz. The Power Park module shall be able to
continuously decrease the active power output to the agreed limit at rate specified by Transmission
Licensees.
The agreed limit of real power reduction (or injection) shall be 7% or higher from the output power
reference at the time of LFSM activation and is deployed with specified Droop(s[%]). The full reduction
(or injection) capability shall be achieved in less than 10 s. The activation time shall be less than 2 s
(unless otherwise agreed between Transmission licensee and the power park module owner). The
specified droop is defined as below,

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 26

Pref is power reference at the time of LFSM activation and DP is power deviation. Df is the frequency
deviation, Df1 is LFSM dead band (Upper/Lower),fn nominal frequency (50 Hz).

Figure 3.17- 6: Typical LFSM-O settings

Figure 3.17- 7: Typical LFSM-U settings

3.17.2 REQUIREMENTS FOR REACTIVE POWER CONTROL AND VOLTAGE SUPPORT

The Power Park module shall be capable of operating in the following modes as determined by
Transmission Licensees.

1 Voltage control mode (the voltage droop shall be adjustable as specified by Transmission
Licensees)
2 Reactive power control mode
3 Power factor control mode

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 27

A power park module shall be capable of operating in additional control modes specified by the Power
Park Module Owner in coordination with the requirements of Transmission Licensees.

3.17.2.1 Voltage Ranges

I. Operating Range

The Power Park Module shall be capable of staying connected to the transmission system and
remaining operable within the voltage ranges and time period defined as follows:

Figure 3.17- 8: Minimum time periods during which a power park module must be capable of maintaining operation at different
frequencies without disconnecting from the grid.

Voltage Range (pu) Time Period for Operation (s)

0.85pu – 0.9pu 60 minutes
0.9pu – 1.1pu Unlimited
1.1pu – 1.15pu 15 minutes

II. Control Modes

The power park module shall be equipped with automatic voltage control capability, reactive power
control capability and power factor control capability. The control slope on the automatic voltage
control mode should be adjustable at the Connection point within a range specified by Transmission
Licensees. Depending on system requirements Transmission Licensees will specify the mode of
operation, control slope, voltage set point or power factor or reactive power set point.

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 28

3.17.2.2 Reactive Power Capability

Figure 3.17- 9 shows the minimum active and reactive power requirements that the Power Park module
shall comply with. Requirements for specific projects will be provided by Transmission Licensees.

Figure 3.17- 9: P-Q capability that can be specified for power park module

I. Complying with the reactive power requirements

If the power park module cannot meet the reactive power exchange requirements as outlined above,
the Power Park Module owner is expected to install additional equipment necessary to meet those
requirements. The specific selection and design of such equipment shall be approved by the
Transmission Licensees.

II. Reactive Power Support under reduced active power transfer

The power park module shall be able to utilize available equipment rating to supply reactive power
in both leading and lagging directions.

For VSC-based power park modules, unless otherwise agreed based on specific system
requirements, the converter shall be capable of providing up to 80% when the converter operates
at zero active power.

In case the machine is required to operate at a lower active power output that what the plant is
capable of in order to meet a given Q requirements requested by the System Operator.

3.17.2.3 AC Voltage, reactive power and power factor control modes

The power park module shall be able to provide automatic control at the Connection Point over the entire
operating range of the Power Park module, without causing system instability.

The reactive power variation caused by the reactive power control operation mode of the power park
module, shall not result in a voltage step exceeding the allowed value at the Connection point.

I. AC voltage control

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 29

 Each power park module shall be capable of contributing to voltage control at the connection point
utilizing its capabilities, while respecting reactive power capability and reactive power exchange with
the AC network, in accordance with the following control characteristics:

Voltage set-point at the connection point shall be capable of being specified within the range (0.9
pu-1.1 pu), either continuously or in steps.

• It shall be possible to operate voltage control with or without a dead band around the set-
point. The dead band shall be adjustable.
• Following a step change in the voltage, the power park module shall be capable of achieving
90% of the change in reactive power output within a rise time t1 specified by Transmission
Licensees (typically 40ms or less).
• Voltage control mode shall include the capability to change reactive power output based on
a combination of a modified voltage set-point and an additional instructed reactive power
component (i.e. voltage-reactive power droop). The slope (i.e. voltage droop) shall be
adjustable in the range (typically 3% -12%).

II. Reactive Power Control

The power park module shall be capable of operating at a designated reactive power value specified
by the system operator as long as the same is within the reactive power capability of the Power Park
Module.

III.Power Factor Control

The power park module shall be capable of controlling the power factor to a target at the connection
point, while respecting Reactive Power Capability and Reactive Power Exchange with the network.

3.17.2.4 Priority to Active or Reactive power contribution

The power park module shall be capable of operating in the active or reactive power priority modes, as
requested by Transmission Licensees, while meeting continuous operating rating and short-term
overload ratings. This includes utilizing the full rating (continuous and short-term overload) of the
inverter current capability and operating in zero active power transfer.

Taking into account the capabilities of the power park module, Transmission Licensees may inform on
case by case basis whether active power contribution or reactive power contribution has the priority
during low or high voltage operation. If not specified active power control shall have the priority.

3.17.2.5 Power quality and harmonic performance

I. Harmonic distortions, fluctuations, and flicker

Power park module owner shall ensure that its Power park module connection to the Transmission
System does not result in a level of distortion or fluctuation of the supply voltage at the Connection
point, exceeding the level specified by Transmission Licensees.

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 30

 Power park module owner shall ensure that the Power park module is capable of staying connected
to the Transmission system. The power park module shall remain operable within the voltage ranges
and time period defined in the Grid Code.

The harmonic distortion, unbalance and flicker requirements shall comply with the requirements in
the Grid Code and following applicable regulations or standards. The power quality requirements
shall be met at the point of common coupling as well as in the surrounding ac network.

In addition to the requirements listed in the Grid Code, the harmonic analysis for Power park
modules should consider the harmonic range from N=1 to N=100.

II. Harmonic apportionment

Transmission Licensees may allow only a portion of the total harmonic headroom available at a
particular point of connection in order to facilitate future connections of generation and transmission
equipment to the grid (only a portion of the available headroom should be allowed for a particular
connection). Factor M defines the allotment to a particular connection.

ℎ ℎ
𝑉ℎ𝑟−𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑟 = 𝑉ℎ𝑟 ×𝑀

The value of M will be as specified in the applicable connection agreement for the specific Power
Park Module. In case no value is specified the same should be considered as 0.25.

III.Voltage changes
Connection of power park module shall not lead to rapid voltage changes in the Transmission system
exceeding 3% of the nominal voltage during the normal operation.

3.17.3 FAULT RIDE THROUGH / LOW VOLTAGE FAULT RIDE THROUGH (LVRT)

If the ac system experience voltage dips during system faults, the power park module shall stay
connected so that the power transfer can resume without delays once the voltage recovers to levels
within the specified operating ranges.

The Power Plant should provide at least 90% of its maximum available power or the active power
corresponding to the Active Power set-point, whichever is lesser as quickly as the technology allows and
in any event within 200 ms flowing a fault cleared within 140 ms and the voltage recovering to 90% of
the system nominal voltage measured at the point of connection. For longer duration faults, the Power
Plant should provide at least 90% of its maximum available power or the active power corresponding to
the Active Power set-point, within 300 ms from the voltage recovering to 90% of the system nominal
voltage measured at the point of connection.

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 31

 Figure 3.17- 10: Fault Ride Through requirement – Voltage duration curve

Short circuit current contribution during faults

Power Park Module shall be capable of contributing reactive currents to the Transmission system faults
as shown in Figure 3.17- 11. If the Power Park Module is capable of contributing to fault exceeding the
requirement shown in Figure 3.17- 11, the power park module owner should inform Transmission
Licensees. The fault conditions shall be identified, for instance, through the detection of a low voltage
at the point of connection. The specific short circuit contribution shall be agreed as part of the connection
process. Transmission Licensees may request the contribution of positive, negative and zero sequence
currents depending on the requirements of fault detection near the Connection point.

Unless a specific Power Park Module is excluded from contributing reactive currents during low voltage
conditions by Transmission Licensees, all other Power Park Modules are required to provide short circuit
current contribution as specified below.

• Voltage threshold for activation 90% of rated nominal voltage

• The characteristics (magnitude in relation to voltage dip) of the injected current in time domain
o As a minimum, the reactive current injection shall be in proportion to the available voltage
at the connection point.
o The injected current shall utilize (up to) the full current rating of the Power Park Module
• Allowable activation delays (20ms - 40ms: in order for ac protection systems to detect faults without
undue delays)

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 32

 Figure 3.17- 11: Supply of fast fault current from a power park module

3.17.4 REQUIREMENTS FOR CONTROL

In addition to general requirements outlined in the Grid Code, the following Plant Performance
Requirements shall be met by the power park module owner.

1 The connection of the power park module shall not negatively impact the operation of other
dynamic devices in its close vicinity. The stable operation shall be demonstrated through
appropriate RMS (PSS®E) and electromagnetic-transients-type (EMT) (PSCAD™/EMTDC™)
simulation tools.
2 The connection of the power park module shall not result in transient and temporary over voltages
that will impact existing generation, transmission and distribution equipment.
3 The connection of the power park module shall not lead to unstable or poorly damped system
conditions (commonly referred to as control interactions).
4 The connection of power park module shall not adversely impact the torsional oscillations (sub-
synchronous torsional oscillations and interactions (SSO/SSTI).
5 The power park module controls shall be equipped with inputs that can be used to facilitate power
oscillation damping (POD) and sub-synchronous torsional interaction (SSTI) damping.

3.17.4.1 Control Interaction between the power park module and other dynamic devices
(conventional generators, wind, photovoltaic, FACTS devices)

Control Interaction is a specific issue that can impact the coordinated operation of Power Electronic
devices in a local area. Control systems of dynamic devices can interact in an undesirable manner
resulting in unstable or poorly damped oscillations following system disturbances such as fault recovery.
The power park module users shall design the equipment to avoid such undesirable interactions and the
acceptable operation demonstrated through interconnection studies.

3.17.4.2 Power oscillation damping (POD)

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 33

The power park module shall be capable of contributing to the damping of power oscillations in the
connected AC Transmission System.

The power park module owner shall provide all the required data to Transmission Licensees including
those related to power park module Control system models, including the parameters of any small signal
modulation controls such as power oscillation damping (POD) controls, or sub-synchronous oscillation
damping controls.

3.17.4.3 Sub synchronous torsional interaction (SSTI) damping

Regarding the sub-synchronous torsional interaction (SSTI) damping control, the power park module
shall be capable of contributing to electrical damping at torsional oscillation frequencies. The SSTI
studies shall be undertaken by the power park module owner. The studies shall identify the conditions,
if any, where SSTI exists and propose any necessary mitigation measures. Any necessary mitigating
actions identified by the studies shall be reviewed by Transmission Licensees. The mitigating actions
shall be undertaken by the power park module owner as part of the connection of the new power park
module. The power park module owner shall provide all relevant data and models that allow such study
to be performed to Transmission Licensees.

3.17.4.4 Converter operational robustness

The power park module, shall be capable of finding stable operation points with a minimum change in
active power flow and voltage level, during and after any planned or unplanned change in the Power
park module or AC Transmission System to which it is connected.

3.17.5 REQUIREMENTS FOR CONTROL AND PROTECTION PARAMETERS AND

SETTINGS

3.17.5.1 Electrical protection scheme and settings

The electrical protection scheme and settings relevant for the power park module and the Transmission
network shall be coordinated and agreed between Transmission Licensees and the power park module
owner.

Electrical protection of the power park module shall take precedence over operational controls taking
into account system security, health and safety of staff, the public and mitigation of the damage to the
Power Park module.

Any change to the protection schemes or their settings relevant to the power park module and the
Transmission System shall be agreed between Transmission Licensees and the power park module
owner before being implemented.

3.17.5.2 Changes to Protection and Control Settings

The parameters and settings of the main control functions of a power park module shall be agreed
between the power park module owner and Transmission Licensees.

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 34

The parameters and settings shall be implemented within such a control hierarchy that makes their
modification possible, as required.

The power park module controls shall not lead to undesirable (control) interactions (unstable or poorly
damped) with other dynamic plants in the vicinity of the point of connection.

The power park module owner shall be able to change the control parameters and/or protection settings
of the power park module. These changes may be requested by Transmission Licensees. Those
parameters shall include, but not be limited to:

• Real and reactive power control mode, as applicable.

• Frequency control, as applicable
• Frequency sensitive modes (FSM, LFSM-O, LFSM-U)
• Power oscillation damping capability (POD)
• Sub-synchronous torsional interaction damping capability (SSTI).
• Synthetic inertia, if applicable

Any change to the schemes or settings of parameters of the different control modes and protection of
the power park module, including the procedure, shall be coordinated and agreed between Transmission
Licensees and the power park module owner.

3.17.5.3 Priority Ranking of Protection and Control

A control scheme, specified by the power park module owner consisting of different control modes,
including the settings of the specific parameters, shall be coordinated and agreed between Transmission
Licensees and the power park module owner.

3.17.5.4 Changes to Protection Schemes and Settings - Coordination and Agreement

The power park module owner shall design and implement the control modes and protection schemes
to be flexible. Making changes to the control modes and protection settings shall be possible, at the
converter stations, with appropriate password protection for different authorized access levels.

3.17.6 DATA AND INFORMATION EXCHANGE BETWEEN POWER PARK MODULE OWNER AND THE
Transmission Licensees

3.17.6.1 Exchanged Information

Regarding instrumentation for the operation, the power park module shall be equipped with an automatic
controller capable of receiving instructions from the power park module owner. This automatic controller
shall be capable of operating the units of the power park module in a coordinated way.

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 35

The following information shall be provided to Transmission Licensees from the power park module
owner.

1. Typical SCADA signal requirement as per the System Control is attached as Annex I.I and Annex I.II.

2. Detailed high resolution forecast data to be sent to System Control for the PPM having curtailment

facility.

The power park module controller shall be able to receive the following signals and commands from
Transmission Licensees or the power park module owner based on communication with Transmission
Licensees. Transmission Licensees shall specify the variable type and quality requirements of the
supplied signals.

a) Start-up command
b) Active power order set-point
c) Frequency sensitive mode settings
d) Reactive power, voltage, or similar set-points
e) Reactive power control mode
f) Power oscillation damping (POD) control settings, if applicable
g) Synthetic inertia, if applicable
h) Normal and emergency blocking command
i) Ramp blocking command
j) Remedial Action Schemes status and settings
k) Active power flow direction command, if applicable
l) Fast active power reversal command, if applicable
m) Redundancy reductions and auxiliary power single source status
n) Other project-specific set-points and commands, as specified by Transmission
Licensees.

The power park module owner shall specify any equipment needed to enable the remote selection of
control modes and relevant set-points.

3.17.6.2 Parameter setting

Requirements are addressed in Section-6 titled “Requirements for Control and Protection Parameters
and Settings”.

3.17.6.3 Fault recording and dynamic system behaviour monitoring

The power park module owner shall be equipped with a number of digital transient fault recorders (TFR)
with high-speed frequency response to record faults, disturbances and evaluate the dynamic
performance of the Power Park module and its effect on the Transmission System. Each power park
module shall also be equipped with one or more Sequence of Events Recorders (SER).

A power park module shall be equipped with a facility to provide fault recording and dynamic system
behaviour monitoring of the following parameters for each of its units. The following quantities shall be
monitored as a minimum:

a) AC voltages and currents (instantaneous and RMS)

b) DC voltages and currents
c) Active and reactive power
d) Frequency

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 36

 e) Other site-specific parameters specified by Transmission Licensees including resource
information

Transmission Licensees will specify the quality of parameters required from the PPM.

The particulars of the fault recording equipment referred to in this section, including analog and digital
channels, the settings, including triggering criteria and the sampling rates, shall be agreed between the
power park module owner and Transmission Licensees.

All dynamic system behaviour monitoring equipment shall include an oscillation trigger, specified by
Transmission Licensees with the purpose of detecting poorly damped power oscillations.

The facilities for quality of supply and dynamic system behaviour monitoring shall include arrangements
for the power park module owner and Transmission Licensees to access the information electronically.
The communications protocols for recorded data shall be agreed between the PPM owner and
Transmission Licensees.

3.17.6.4 Fault and disturbance analysis

Refer Section 3.17.6.3 “Fault Recording and dynamic performance behaviour monitoring”.

3.17.6.5 Simulation models

The Power park module owner shall provide all the relevant information details as listed in “Data and
Model Requirement to be Complied by Inverter based RE Plants prior to be Interconnected to
Transmission Licensees Network”.

The power park module owner shall provide models that accurately represent the dynamic response of
the model. The model shall include all site-specific protection, control and other parameter settings as
applicable. Both RMS-type and EMT-type models shall be in PSS®E and PSCAD™/EMTDC™ formats,
respectively. The proprietary information of the power park module Manufacturer that forms the model
may be protected. However, the models shall have the flexibility to change parameters and select
options that Transmission Licensees will have access to with the field equipment.

The POWER PARK MODULE OWNER shall provide the study results as per “Dynamic Plant Model Quality
and Dynamic Response Test” in PSS®E and PSCAD™/EMTDC™ for review and agreement by
Transmission Licensees. Those simulation studies shall be revised based on the actual system and Power
Park module tests and adhere to the requirements for the Transmission System and Power park module
per the power park module Technical Specifications, as well as the following requirements:

For the purpose of dynamic simulations, the models provided shall contain at least, but not limited to,
the following sub-models, depending on the existence of the mentioned components: (a) power park
module model b) AC component models; (c) DC system models; (d) Voltage and power controller; (e)
Special control features if applicable (e.g. power oscillation damping (POD) function, sub-synchronous
torsional interaction (SSTI) control); (f) Multi terminal control, if applicable; (g) Power park module
protection models as agreed between Transmission Licensees and the power park module owner.

The power park module owner shall verify the models against the results of compliance tests carried out
and a report of this verification shall be submitted to Transmission Licensees. The models shall then be
used for the purpose of verifying compliance with the requirements of this Regulation including, but not
limited to, compliance simulations and used in studies for continuous evaluation in system planning and
operation.
The power park module owner shall submit Power park module recordings to Transmission Licensees, if

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 37

requested, in order to compare the response of the models with these recordings.

3.17.7 REQUIREMENTS FOR POWER SYSTEM RESTORATION

Black start and capability to take part in isolated network operation

This feature is not applicable unless specifically requested by Transmission Licensees from specific Power
Park Module.

Transmission Licensees may specify a Black Start feature for the Power Park module. In that case, the
Power Park module shall be capable of operating in an isolated network in accordance with Black Start
operation requirements.

The power park module owner shall comply with the Black start procedure and other requirements of
Transmission Licensees. In addition, Transmission Licensees and the power park module owner shall
agree on the capacity and availability of the black start capability and any other operational procedures.

The Power park module shall be able to synchronize with the AC system within the frequency limits set
out in Section 3.17.1.1 and within the voltage limits specified in the Section 3.17.2.1 where applicable.

Wider frequency and voltage ranges may be specified by Transmission Licensees where needed in order
to restore the AC Network security.

3.17.8 TESTING, MONITORING AND COMPLIANCE REVIEW

The additional requirements considered for Power Park modules.

3.17.8.1 Testing and compliance

The Power Park module shall be designed and tested to meet the requirements of the Transmission
System, operational requirements, performance studies and any Interconnection Agreements. Sufficient
monitoring shall be provided to Transmission Licensees to determine that the Power Park module
complies with those performance requirements.

3.17.8.2 Grid Connection Testing

In addition to the site acceptance tests, the power park module owner shall recommend, provide
procedures and carry out compliance tests in line with Best Industry practices. The tests shall include,
but not be limited to:

a) Harmonic voltage distortion measurements

b) Frequency response test
c) Reactive power compensation test
d) Voltage control test
e) Tariff metering tests
f) Fault ride through capability tests
g) Audible Noise measurements
h) Performance Guarantee requirements
i) Electro-Magnetic Interference measurements

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 38

These tests shall be performed at different active and reactive power levels (worst case also) to
demonstrate the features and the stability of the Power park module with respect to Transmission
Licensee’s AC system.

The Power park module shall include any additional monitoring and recording required for the purpose
of completing grid connection testing in the scope of supply.

The power park module owner shall coordinate grid connection testing with Transmission Licensees,
including notification to all relevant parties and seeking approval for all test procedures prior the
commencement of any system tests.

3.17.8.3 Non-Compliance
Should there be a concern or question of non-compliance the power park module owner shall meet with
Transmission Licensees to discuss and resolve. If it cannot be resolved at that stage, the power park
module owner shall perform testing with agreement from Transmission Licensees to demonstrate that
the power park module complies. Should the plant scheme be deemed to be non-complaint, the power
park module owner shall take the appropriate steps to rectify as soon as reasonably possible to re-
establish compliance.

3.17.9 HANDLING DEVIATIONS

Given the evolving nature of inverter-based resource (IBR) technology, a request for any deviation from
the requirements as specified in this document received from a PPM owner may be considered by
Transmission Licensees on case-by-case basis. However, any disputes and final resolutions shall be
taken up to GCERP or any PUCSL established mechanisms as applicable.

3.17.10 ANNEX I.I

Typical Signal List for Solar Power Station Annex I.I

Signal Type Description User Data

Type of
Signal Description For IEC 60870 - 5 - 104 of Class
Signal
Type ID No. Description

From each Generator Bay

Status Indications
Circuit Breaker Open/Close DPI 31 M_DP_TB_1 Class 1
Bus Isolator Open/Close DPI 31 M_DP_TB_1 Class 2
Line Isolator Open/Close DPI 31 M_DP_TB_1 Class 2
Earth Switch Open/Close DPI 31 M_DP_TB_1 Class 2
Generator Running/Stop DPI 31 M_DP_TB_1 Class 2
Measurements
Active Power (MW) AI 13 M_ME_NC_1 Class 2

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 39

 Reactive Power (MVar) AI 13 M_ME_NC_1 Class 2
Current (A) AI 13 M_ME_NC_1 Class 2
Voltage (kV) AI 13 M_ME_NC_1 Class 2
Power Factor AI 13 M_ME_NC_1 Class 2
Frequency (Hz) AI 13 M_ME_NC_1 Class 2
Solar Irradiance AI 13 M_ME_NC_1 Class 2
From Total Solar Plant
Status Indications
Plant Control NSCC / SAS/ Siyambalanduwa
31 M_DP_TB_1 Class 1
GS DPI
Operating Mode I SPI 30 M_SP_TB_1 Class 1
Operating Mode 2 SPI 30 M_SP_TB_1 Class 1
Operating Mode n SPI 30 M_SP_TB_1 Class 1
Active Power Controller Mode SPI 30 M_SP_TB_1 Class 1
Reactive Power Controller Mode SPI 30 M_SP_TB_1 Class 1
Voltage Controller Mode SPI 30 M_SP_TB_1 Class 1
Power Factor Controller Mode SPI 30 M_SP_TB_1 Class 1
Control Commands
Select Operating Mode 1 SPC 45 C_SC_NA_1 Class 1
Select Operating Mode 2 SPC 45 C_SC_NA_1 Class 1
Select Operating Mode n SPC 45 C_SC_NA_1 Class 1
Select Active Power Control SPC 45 C_SC_NA_1 Class 1
Select Reactive Power Control SPC 45 C_SC_NA_1 Class 1
Select Voltage Control SPC 45 C_SC_NA_1 Class 1
Select Power Factor Control SPC 45 C_SC_NA_1 Class 1
Active Power Set Point Command AO 50 C_SE_NC_1 Class 1
Reactive Power Set point Command AO 50 C_SE_NC_1 Class 1
Signal Type Description User Data
Type Of
Signal Description For IEC 60870 - 5 - 104 of Class
Signal
Type ID No. Description
Voltage Set Point Command AO 50 C_SE_NC_1 Class 1
Power Factor Set Point Command AO 50 C_SE_NC_1 Class 1
Measurements
Total Plant Active Power AI 13 M_ME_NC_1 Class 2
Total Plant Reactive Power AI 13 M_ME_NC_1 Class 2
Plant Control Voltage AI 13 M_ME_NC_1 Class 2
Plant Control Power Factor AI 13 M_ME_NC_1 Class 2
Total Active Energy AI 13 M_ME_NC_1 Class 2
Total Reactive Energy AI 13 M_ME_NC_1 Class 2
No. of Running Solar units AI 13 M_ME_NC_1 Class 2
Plant Availability Factor AI 13 M_ME_NC_1 Class 2
Plant Factor AI 13 M_ME_NC_1 Class 2
Total Available Capacity AI 13 M_ME_NC_1 Class 2

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 40

 Total possible generation (MW) with respect
13 M_ME_NC_1 Class 2
to Solar Forecasting AI

Legends: C_DC_NA_1 :- Double Command

DPI - Double Point Indication C_SC_NA_1 :- Single Command
SPI - Single Point Indication M_DP_TA_1 :- Double Point Information with time tag
DPC - Double Point Control Command M_SP_TA_1 :- Single Point Information with time tag
SPC - Single Point Control Command M_ME_NC_1 :- Measured Value, short floating point number
M_DP_TB_1 :- Double Point Information with time tag
AI - Measurements (Analog Input) CP56Time2a
AO - Analog Output M_SP_TB_1 :- Single Point Information with time tag CP56Time2a
M_IT_NA_1 :- Integrated Totals
C_SE_NC_1:- Set Point Command,Short Floating point
C_SC_TA_1 :- Single point Command with Timetag CP56Time2a
C_DC_TA_1:- Double point Command with Timetag CP56Time2a

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 41

3.17.11 ANNEX I.II

Typical Signal List for Wind Power

Station Annex I.II

Signal Type Description User Data of

Signal Description Type Of Signal For IEC 60870 - 5 - 104 Class
Type ID No. Description
Status Indications
Wind Transformer(LV Side)
CB DPI 31 M_DP_TB_1 Class 1
Disconnector DPI 31 M_DP_TB_1 Class 2
Earth Switch DPI 31 M_DP_TB_1 Class 2
Wind Transformer(HV Side)
CB DPI 31 M_DP_TB_1 Class 1
Disconnector DPI 31 M_DP_TB_1 Class 2
Earth Swith DPI 31 M_DP_TB_1 Class 2
Unit Status(Running/Not Running) SPI 30 M_SP_TB_1 Class 1
Unit shut down (Raise/Release) SPI 30 M_SP_TB_1 Class 1
PControlStatus_PPC SPI 30 M_SP_TB_1 Class 1
QControlStatus_PPC SPI 30 M_SP_TB_1 Class 1
VControlStatus_PPC SPI 30 M_SP_TB_1 Class 1
PFControlStatus_PPC SPI 30 M_SP_TB_1 Class 1
LocalRemoteStatus_PPC(Station
DPI 31 M_DP_TB_1 Class 1
Control(Wind PS/NSCC)
Alarms
WT fault (Group Signal) SPI 30 M_SP_TB_1 Class 1
Transformer Alarm (Group Signal) SPI 30 M_SP_TB_1 Class 1
Bay Control(Local Remote) SPI 31 M_SP_TB_2 Class 2
Protection Signal
WT Trip (Group Signal) SPI 30 M_SP_TB_1 Class 1
Transformer Trip (Group Signal) SPI 30 M_SP_TB_1 Class 1
Measurements
Wind Transformer(HV Side)
Active Power AI 13 M_ME_NC_1 Class 2
Reactive Power AI 13 M_ME_NC_1 Class 2
Voltage AI 13 M_ME_NC_1 Class 2
Current AI 13 M_ME_NC_1 Class 2
Wind Transformer (LV Side)
Active Power AI 13 M_ME_NC_1 Class 2
Reactive Power AI 13 M_ME_NC_1 Class 2
Voltage AI 13 M_ME_NC_1 Class 2
Current AI 13 M_ME_NC_1 Class 2

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 42

 Signal Type Description User Data of
Signal Description Type Of Signal For IEC 60870 - 5 - 104 Class
Type ID No. Description
Controls Command
Wind Transformer(HV Side)
CB DPC 46 C_DC_NA_1 Class 1
Disconnector DPC 46 C_DC_NA_1 Class 1
Earth Switch DPC 46 C_DC_NA_1 Class 1
Unit shut down Command from Park
Control DPC 46 C_DC_NA_1 Class 1
Protection Reset SPC 45 C_SC_NA_1 Class 1
Wind Transformer (LV Side)
CB DPC 46 C_DC_NA_1 Class 1
Disconnector DPC 46 C_DC_NA_1 Class 1
Earth Switch DPC 46 C_DC_NA_1 Class 1
Protection Reset SPC 45 C_SC_NA_1 Class 1
Wind Park
Control Commands
Park MW set point AO 50 C_SE_NC_1 Class 1
Park Mvar set point AO 50 C_SE_NC_1 Class 1
PControlMode_PPC SPC 45 C_SC_NA_1 Class 1
QControlMode_PPC SPC 45 C_SC_NA_1 Class 1
VControlMode_PPC SPC 45 C_SC_NA_1 Class 1
PFControlMode_PPC SPC 45 C_SC_NA_1 Class 1
Alarm Indications
Station alarms (Group Signal) SPI 30 M_SP_TB_1 Class 1
Measurements
Park Active Power AI 13 M_ME_NC_1 Class 2
Park Reactive Power AI 13 M_ME_NC_1 Class 2
Park Availability factor AI 13 M_ME_NC_1 Class 2
Park plant factor AI 13 M_ME_NC_1 Class 2
Wind Energy Forecast (Park MW
AI 13 M_ME_NC_1 Class 2
availability)
Energy Measurements
Park Active Energy AI 13 M_ME_NC_1 Class 2
Park Re-Active Energy AI 13 M_ME_NC_1 Class 2

DPI - Double Point Indication C_DC_NA_1 :- Double Command

SPI - Single Point Indication C_SC_NA_1 :- Single Command
DPC - Double Point Command M_DP_TA_1 :- Double Point Information with time tag
SPC - Single Pont Command M_SP_TA_1 :- Single Point Information with time tag
BCP - Binary Coaded Measurement M_ME_NC_1 :- Measured Value, short floating point number
AI - Analog Input M_DP_TB_1 :- Double Point Information with time tag CP56Time2a
AO - Analog Out Put M_SP_TB_1 :- Single Point Information with time tag CP56Time2a

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 43

 M_IT_NA_1 :- Integrated Totals
C_SE_NC_1:- Set Point Command,Short Floating point
C_SC_TA_1 :- Single point Command with Timetag CP56Time2a
C_DC_TA_1:- Double point Command with Timetag CP56Time2a

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 44

3.18 SPECIAL CONNECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EMBEDDED GENERATING
UNITS

Embedded Generating Units shall fulfil the requirements and conditions stated in the Transmission
Licensees Guide for Grid Interconnection of Embedded Generators, Part 1: Application, Evaluation
and Interconnection Procedure and Part 2: Protection and Operation of Grid Interconnection,
included in the Distribution Code.

Responsibility to fulfil requirements and conditions given in the Transmission Licensees Guide for
Grid Interconnection of Embedded Generators, Parts 1 and 2 remains with Generators with
Embedded Generating Units.
3.19 SPECIAL CONNECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR DISTRIBUTION LICENSEES

3.19.1 UNDER-FREQUENCY LOAD SHEDDING

The Transmission Licensee shall provide Under-frequency Relays for Automatic Load Shedding,
where necessary, at Interconnection Points with Distribution Licensees and Transmission
Customers.

3.19.2 CURRENT DISTORTION LIMITS

Distribution Licensees shall ensure that their load current harmonic distortion does not exceed the
allowed current distortion levels, at the Interconnection Point. The allowed current distortion limits
are specified in this GCC.

3.19.3 EMISSION LIMITS OF FLUCTUATING LOADS

Distribution Licensees shall ensure that their emission of fluctuating Loads does not exceed the
allowed emission levels, at the Interconnection Point. The allowed emission limits are specified in
this GCC.

3.20 SPECIAL CONNECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR TRANSMISSION CUSTOMERS

3.20.1 UNDER-FREQUENCY LOAD SHEDDING

The Transmission Licensee shall provide Under-frequency Relays for ALS, as necessary, at the
Interconnection Point with a Transmission Customer.

3.20.2 CURRENT DISTORTION LIMITS

Transmission Customers shall ensure that their load current harmonic distortion does not exceed
the allowed current distortion levels, at the Interconnection Point. The allowed current distortion
limits are specified in this GCC.

3.20.3 EMISSION LIMITS OF FLUCTUATING LOADS

Transmission Customers shall ensure that their emission of fluctuating Loads does not exceed the
allowed emission levels, at the Interconnection Point. The allowed emission limits are specified in
this GCC.

3.21 PROCEDURES FOR APPLICATION FOR GRID CONNECTION

Procedure for application for grid connection is given in Appendix C.

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 45

 APPENDIX A – CRITERIA

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 46

 TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 GENERAL CODE – CRITERIA .................................................................... 57
2 PLANNING CODE– CRITERIA .................................................................. 57
2.1 ALL USERS ........................................................................................................
57
2.1.1 TRANSMISSION SYSTEM PLANNING CRITERIA (GPC 2.3) ................................... 57
2.1.2 GENERATION PLANNING CRITERIA ................................................................. 58

3 CONNECTION CODE– CRITERIA .............................................................. 59

3.1 ALL USERS ........................................................................................................
59
3.2 GENERATION LICENSEES WITH GENERATION FROM CONVENTIONAL RESOURCES ..... 61
3.3 GENERATION LICENSEES WITH INTERMITTENT RESOURCE BASED GENERATION
SYSTEMS ................................................................................................................. 62
3.3.1 POWER FACTOR VARIATION CAPABILITY (GCC 3.17.1) and REACTIVE POWER
CAPABILITY (GCC 3.17.2) ...................................................................................... 62
3.3.2 POWER CURTAILMENT REQUIREMENTS (GCC 3.17.5) ..................................... 63

4 OPERATIONS CODE - CRITERIA ............................................................... 63

4.1 ALL USERS ....................................................................................................... 63

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 47

GRID CODE CRITERIA

INTRODUCTION Appendix A – Criteria

Describes the Criteria used in the Grid Code. This Appendix A is cross-referred in the Grid Code.

EFFECTIVE DATE
This Appendix A to the Grid Code has been recommended by the Grid Code Enforcement and Review
Panel (GCERP) to be effective from DD-MM-YYYY.

1 GENERAL CODE – CRITERIA

No criteria to be listed

3 CONNECTION CODE– CRITERIA

3.1 ALL USERS

(A) DECLARED VOLTAGE (GCC 3.5)

Declared Voltages at the Interconnection Point will be 11 kV,22 kV, 33 kV, 132 kV, 220 kV and 400
kV.

(B) FREQUENCY VARIATIONS (GCC 3.6.1)

Table 3.1.B: Frequency Variation

Frequency (Hz) System Conditions

50.5 - 52.0 Emergency

49.5 - 50.5 Normal

47.0 - 49.5 Emergency

(C) VOLTAGE VARIATIONS (GCC 3.6.2)

Table 3.1.C: Voltage Variation

Variation
System Nominal Voltage
(kV)

400 kV ± 10 %

220 kV ± 10 %

132 kV ± 10 %

33 kV ±6%

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 48

 22 kV ±6%

11 kV ±6%

(D) VOLTAGE WAVEFORM DISTORTION (GCC 3.6.3)

Allowed Distortion is limited to indicative planning levels given in Table 2 of sub-clause 4.2.1 of IEC
61000 -3-6 (Harmonics).

(E) VOLTAGE FLUCTUATIONS (GCC 3.6.4)

Allowed fluctuation is limited to indicative values of planning levels given in Table 2 of sub-clause
4.2.1 of IEC 61000-3-7(Voltage fluctuation).

(F) VOLTAGE UNBALANCE (GCC 3.6.5)

Negative phase sequence load unbalance in accordance with IEC 60034-1.

(G) BASIC IMPULSE LEVEL (GCC 3.7.1)

Table 3.1.G: Basic Impulse Level (BIL)

System Nominal Voltage BIL (kV)
(kV)
400 1,425
220 1,050
132 650
33 170
22 125
11 95

(H) POWER FREQUENCY WITHSTAND VOLTAGE (GCC 3.7.2)

Table 3.1.H: Power Frequency withstand Voltage One (01) minute

System Nominal Voltage Power Frequency Withstand
(kV) Voltage (kV)
400 650
220 460
132 275
33 70
22 50
11 28

(I) THREE PHASE SHORT CIRCUIT LEVEL (GCC 3.7.3)

Table 3.1.I: Three Phase Short Circuit Level

System Nominal Voltage Three phase Short Circuit
(kV) Level (kA)
400 40.0
220 40.0
132 31.5
33 25.0

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 49

 22 25.0
11 25.0
(J) CURRENT DISTORTION LIMITS (GCC 3.8)
Allowed Current Distortion by an individual User shall be limited to the current distortion limits
described in clause 10 of IEEE 519-1992.

Measurement and evaluation of the current harmonic distortion shall be carried out in accordance
with clause 9, 12 and 13 of IEEE 519-1992. Measurement and evaluation reports shall be prepared
in accordance with IEEE 519-1992.

(K) EMISSION LIMITS OF FLUCTUATING LOADS (GCC 3.9)

Allowed emission is limited to the emission limits described in clause 6, 7, 8 and 9 of IEC 61000-37
(Voltage fluctuation).

Measurement and evaluation of emissions shall be carried out in accordance with IEC 61000-3-6.
Measurement and evaluation reports shall be prepared in accordance with IEC 61000-3-7.

3.2 GENERATION LICENSEES WITH GENERATION FROM CONVENTIONAL

RESOURCES

(A) FREQUENCY VARIATION CAPABILITY (GCC 3.16.1)

Table 3.2.A: Frequency Variation Capability

Frequency (Hz) Duration

50.5 - 52.0 60 minutes

49.5 - 50.5 Continuous

47.5 - 49.5 60 minutes

47.0 – 47.5 30 seconds

(B) VOLTAGE VARIATION CAPABILITY (GCC 3.16.2)

Table 3.2.B: Voltage Variation Capability

System Nominal Voltage Variation

400 kV ± 10 %

220 kV ± 10 %

132 kV ± 10 %

33 kV ± 6%

22 kV ± 6%

11kV ± 6%

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 50

(C) FAULT RIDE-THROUGH CAPABILITY (GCC 3.16.6)
Voltage Dip Magnitude Fault Ride-through Time
95% (5% retained) 200 ms
50% (50% retained) 500 ms

(D) FAULT RIDE-THROUGH CAPABILITY ENVELOPES (GCC 3.16.6)

3.3 GENERATION LICENSEES WITH INTERMITTENT RESOURCE BASED

GENERATION SYSTEMS

3.3.1 POWER FACTOR VARIATION CAPABILITY AND REACTIVE POWER

CAPABILITY

Refer Section 3.17 of this Grid Code.

3.3.2 POWER CURTAILMENT REQUIREMENTS (GCC 3.17.5)

Refer Section 3.17 of this Grid Code.

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 51

APPENDIX C – PROCEDURE FOR APPLICATION FOR GRID
CONNECTION

INTRODUCTION

Appendix C – PROCEDURE FOR APPLICATION FOR GRID CONNECTION describes the procedure a
prospective user has to adopt prior to connection the Grid.

EFFECTIVE DATE

This Appendix C to the Grid Code has been recommended by the Grid Code Review Panel (GCREP)
to be effective from the DD-MM-YYYY.

1. ALL USERS

APPLICATION PROCEDURE FOR A NEW OR MODIFICATION OF A FACILITY

Any User seeking a new connection or modification of an existing connection shall submit a formal
application to the Transmission Licensee along with the application fee for preliminary evaluation,
approved by the PUCSL.

Details that shall be provided at various stages of the grid connection process are given in Appendix
B.

1.1 APPLICATION PROCESSING

The Transmission Licensee shall establish a procedure to process the applications for new
connections/modifications. It shall clearly identify the important events in the process from the time
of submission up to the time of making the connection and the maximum lead time for completion
of each event. This procedure shall be published in the Licensee website.

Broadly, the procedure for processing the application will include the following events. (a)
Preliminary evaluation
(b) Grid impact assessment
(c) Submission of the offer to the applicant
(d) Applicant’s acceptance of the offer
(e) Entering into the agreement for detailed studies and further processing
(f) Submission of information pursuant to the agreement entered into
(g) Detailed evaluation of the application
(h) Entering into connection agreement
(i) Submission of information prior to commissioning tests
(j) Commissioning tests
(k) Commissioning and connection
(l) Connection records

1.2 GENERATION LICENSEES WITH GENERATION FROM CONVENTIONAL RESOURCE

Any prospective generation licensee with generation from conventional resources, seeking a new
connection or modification of the existing connection shall conform to the procedure approved by
PUCSL in terms of the SLEA20.

1.3 GENERATION LICENSEES WITH INTERMITTENT RESOURCE BASED GENERATION

SYSTEMS

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 52

Any prospective generation licensee with generation from conventional resources, seeking a new
connection or modification of the existing connection shall conform to the procedure approved by
PUCSL in terms of the SLEA20.

1.4 GENERATION LICENSEES WITH EMBEDDED GENERATORS

Any prospective generation licensee with embedded generators, seeking a new connection or
modification of the existing connection shall conform to the procedure approved by PUCSL in each
Distribution Code.

1.5 DISTRIBUTION LICENSEES

Intentionally left blank

1.6 TRANSMISSION BULK CUSTOMERS

Intentionally left blank

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 53

 APPENDIX D: FORECAST DATA

As mentioned in clause 4.4.1, Generators and users shall provide measured and
forecast data in the following manner;

This section details the 10-year demand forecasts that are required from each User of the
Transmission System who is the Distribution Control Centre (DCC) in respect of each
infeed from the Transmission System. This section applies equally to the Transmission
Customer.

The System Operator shall notify each User upon request in advance of each load reading
day.

The 10-year demand forecasts with monthly energy and peak demands should be submitted by
the first week of September each year.

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 54

 APPENDIX E: DATA TO BE PROVIDED BY IBRE

As per clause 5.4.2 –(g),

(a) All IBRE which have capacities greater than or equal to 5 MW shall provide the
requested data (section 3.17.6) in real time through a dedicated communication
channel to the System Operator .
(b)All IBRE which have capacities greater than 100 kW to less than 5 MW shall
provide the following data in near real time through an appropriate communication
channel to the System Operator.

1. Real power output Pn (MW).

2. Reactive power output Qn (MVar).
3. Terminal Voltage Vn (kV).

Grid Code – Revised September 2023 55