UNIT VI
CHEMICAL
BONDING
Page 170
CHEMICAL BONDING
Ionic Bond And Covalent Bond Metallic Bond
Ionic Compounds and Covalent and Properties
Compounds of Metal
4 PICS 1 WORD
MAKE THE SOUND IF YOU
KNOW THE ANSWER.
4 PICS 1 WORD (Make a sound)
Gurgle twice if
you know the
answer
_S A
_ L_ T
_
4 PICS 1 WORD (Make a sound)
Burp 3 times if
you know the
answer
_ _A _T _E R_
W
4 PICS 1 WORD (Make a sound)
Snore if you know
the answer
C A R
______B O N
_ _I O
D _X_ _I D_ E_
4 PICS 1 WORD (Make a sound)
Make a fart
sound if you
know the answer
_S U_ G_ A_ R_
CHEMICAL BONDING
Compounds are substances made up of two or more different
chemical elements like:
SALT WATER
Na + Cl H+O
CARBON DIOXIDE SUGAR
C+O C+H+O
CHEMICAL BONDING
Compounds bonding refers to the formation of a
chemical bond between two or more atoms,
molecules or ions to give rise to a chemical
compound. These chemical bonds are what keep the
atoms together in the resulting compound.
Ionic Covalent Metallic
Bond Bond Bond
UNIT VI
IONIC BOND & IONIC
COMPOUNDS
Science 9 | Unit VI | Lesson 6.1 | Page 170
FOCUS POINTS
01 02 03
Explain the formation Explain the octet rule Explain how binary
of ionic bonds and and ternary
ionic compounds compounds are
formed and write
04 05 their chemical
formula
Recognize ionic Determine the uses
compounds on their of ionic compounds
properties in the body and
industry
THE OCTET RULE
GILBERT NEWTON LEWIS – an
American chemist.
The octet rule refers to the tendency of
atoms to prefer to have eight electrons in
the valence shell.
Atoms need to have eight valence
electrons to become stable
NOBLE GASES
PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS
Valence Electrons
Valence Electrons
Noble Gas have eight electrons
in their valence shell, making
them stable. This means that
they do not need to react with
other atoms to satisfy the octet
rule.
Valence Electrons
If an atom do no comply with
the octet rule (not stable), they
need to react with other atoms
to attain eight valence electrons.
Through chemical reaction
producing a new substance.
Chemical Bonding
Atoms bond, in such a way
that they achieve stability, in
doing so, atoms either gain,
lose or share their electrons
LEWIS ELECTRON DOT STRUCTURE (LEDS)
Proposed by Gilbert N. Lewis, used to emphasize
the atom’s valence electrons.
Dots: Valence
electrons
Symbol: Nucleus
LEWIS ELECTRON DOT STRUCTURE (LEDS)
How do you draw the LEDS?
Step 1: Write the chemical symbol
Step 2: Write down its electron configuration
Step 3: Draw the dots that will correspond to the
number of the atom’s valence electrons
LEWIS ELECTRON DOT STRUCTURE (LEDS)
How do you draw the LEDS?
●
Step 1: Write the chemical symbol
B ●
Step 3: Draw the dots that will
correspond to the number of the
atom’s valence electrons (clockwise)
●
Step 2: Write down its electron configuration
2 2 1
1s 2s 2p
LEWIS ELECTRON DOT STRUCTURE (LEDS)
How do you draw the LEDS?
Step 1: Write the chemical symbol
●
● ● Step 3: Draw the dots that will
● Kr correspond to the number of the
●
atom’s valence electrons (clockwise)
Step 2: Write down its electron configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6
DOTS. DOTS.
Draw the LEDS on the
following Elements.
Draw the LEDS on the following elements
01
IONIC BOND
A type of chemical bond formed
when there is a transfer of
electrons from one atom to
another. Forms ionic compound.
IONIC CHARGE
❑ This type of bond involves
gaining and losing of
electrons.
❑ The atom becomes ion (loses
or gains)
IONIC COMPOUNDS
❑ Composed of ions and charged particles
❑ Solid at room temperature
❑ High boiling and melting points
❑ Poor conductors of electricity (except
dissolved in water)
Two types of ion
+ Cation (loses; positive)
- Anion (gains; negative)
Elements
Metal + Non Metal
(lose) (gains)
IONIC COMPOUNDS EXAMPLE
NaCl - Sodium chloride (Table Salt)
Sodium Chlorine
(METAL) (NON METAL)
NaCl
IONIC COMPOUNDS EXAMPLE
KF: Potassium Fluoride (Glasses, preservatives, insecticide)
Potassium Fluorine
(METAL) (NON METAL)
KF
IONIC COMPOUNDS EXAMPLE
MgO: Magnesium Oxide (Antacid, laxative, indigestion)
Magnesium Oxygen
(METAL) (NON METAL)
MgO
Important Ions and
Ionic Compounds
Important Ions in
the Body
Ionic Compounds
and Their Uses
IMPORTANT IONS IN THE BODY
IONIC COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USES
UNIT VI
COVALENT BOND &
COVALENT
COMPOUNDS
Science 9 | Unit VI | Lesson 6.2 | Page 180
FOCUS POINTS
01 02
Explain the formation of Differentiate an ionic
covalent bonds and covalent bond from covalent bond
compounds
03 04
Explain the molecular Recognize the properties of
geometry through VSEPR covalent compounds
02
COVALENT BOND
The second type of chemical bond is
covalent bond. Elements involved in
this bond share electrons. And it
exists between nonmetals. Forms
covalent compound.
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
❑ Electron-attracting ability
❑ Nonmetals have high
electronegativity thus they have
a greater ability to attract
electrons.
❑ Electronegativity between two
bonded atoms should no be
equal to or less than 1.7.
DIATOMIC MOLECULES
❑ Molecules made up of
only two same or
different elements
❑ Such elements are
more stable than single
atoms.
FORMATION OF COVALENT COMPOUNDS
O2 : Oxygen gas (welding and cutting of glasses)
Oxygen Oxygen
(NON METAL) (NON METAL) O 2
FORMATION OF COVALENT COMPOUNDS
Cl2: diatomic chlorine (disinfect water)
Chlorine Chlorine
(NON METAL) (NON METAL) Cl 2
FORMATION OF COVALENT COMPOUNDS
CH4: Methane molecule (fuel, greenhouse gas)
Carbon Hydrogen
(NON METAL) (NON METAL) CH 4
THREE TYPES OF COVALENT BONDS
SINGLE COVALENT DOUBLE COVALENT TRIPLE COVALENT
BOND BOND BOND
COMPARING IONIC & COVALENT
Ionic Covalent
Elements involved Metal & Non-Metal Two Non-metals
How does the Opposite charged Electronegativity
attraction happen? ions (cation and difference between
anion) elements should be
equal or less than
1.7
COMPARING IONIC & COVALENT
Ionic Covalent
Polarity High Low
Shape No definite shape Definite shape
Melting Point High Low
Boiling Point High Low
State at room temperature Solid Liquid or gas
Hardness Hard Soft and brittle
Electrical conductivity Conducts when molten Does not conduct
electricity
UNIT VI
METALLIC BOND
AND PROPERTIES OF
METALS
Science 9 | Unit VI | Lesson 6.3 | Page 188
FOCUS POINTS
01 02
Explain the formation of Explain the properties of
metallic bonds metals in terms of their
structure
03
METALLIC BOND
The third type of chemical bond is
metallic bond. This type of bond is a
bond among metals.
METALLIC BOND
❑ Metals lose their outer electron,
forming cations
❑ Attraction between positive ions
and electrons
❑ The electrostatic force that
holds the atoms together in
metals is called metallic bond
METALLIC PROPERTIES
Conductors of High Melting
Periodic Table
Electricity point
Locations on the Periodic Allows flow of More heat required to melt
Table electricity
Malleable Ductile Luster
Ability to be hammered or Ability to be stretched Ability to shine and reflect
pressed permanently out of light.
shape without breaking or
cracking.
Metals in the Periodic Table
CONDUCTORS OF ELECTRICITY
Example: Copper
HIGH MELTING POINT
Strong lattice structure, with strong molecular bond
MALLEABLE
Deformed or dented
DUCTILE
Ability to be stretched
LUSTER
Ability to shine and reflect light due to its free electrons.
QUIZ ON THURSDAY
Coverage: Three types of Chemical Bonding
