Quantum technology and future
Quantum computing roadmap
Quantum mission of India
Applications of quantum
Quantum building block: singe qubit gate, quantum
circuits with single qubit gate
Quantum computing roadmap
[Link]
Quantum mission of India
National Quantum Mission (NQM)
19th April 2023 at a total cost of Rs.6003.65 crore
accelerate QT led economic growth, nurture the
ecosystem
Four Thematic Hubs (T-Hubs) in top academic and
National R&D institutes in the domains:
1. Quantum Computing
2. Quantum Communication
3. Quantum Sensing & Metrology
4. Quantum Materials & Devices
[Link]
The Mission would greatly benefit various sectors
including communication, health, financial, energy
with applications in drug design, space, banking,
security
[Link]
[Link]
Applications of quantum
Materials Innovations for Quantum Technology Acceleration: A Perspective DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201064
Pharmaceutics is dedicated to Professor Katalin Karikó in recognition of her
immense contribution to the development of mRNA Pharmaceutics.
[Link]
Let’s understand quantum theory
Particle can appear and disappear
Each particle treat independently
Ex.
Vaiśeṣika Sūtra
Kaṇāda Sutras
Electron of an universe is same as electron of seed of a fruit
e-
e-
Rayleigh scattering Photoelectric Quanta concept Compton effect
1871 Effect (Hertz) (1926 Photon Lewis) 1923
1887 1905
Raman effect
1928
Wave particle duality
Wave particle duality
[Link]
nce
Wave particle duality
de-Broglie and Fermi Wavelength
The de Broglie wavelength of a particle indicates the length
scale at which wave-like properties are important for that
particle. De Broglie wavelength is usually represented by the
symbol λ or λdB.
where h is the Planck constant.
The Fermi energy is commonly referred as the top-most filled
energy level at absolute zero K and the corresponding Fermi
wavelength is the de Broglie wavelength of the electrons
present near the Fermi energy level
Quantum confinement
Quantum confinement is a phenomenon that occurs
when the motion of a particle is restricted in one or
more dimensions by a potential well.
size of a particle <=wavelength of the electron.
Scanning electron microscopy image of graphene
De-Broglie waves explain about the nature of the wave related to the
particle. Einstein explained the momentum (p) of a photon with the given formula
p=mc——–(1)
c = speed of light.
The energy (E) of a photon is given as
E = mc2,
E=hλ
hλ=mc2
m =hλ/c2 ————-(2)
h= Planck’s constant(6.62607015×10−34 Js)
λ = wavelength of light
substituting equation (2) in equation (1) we get
Rewriting the equation we get
m is the mass
v is the velocity
De Broglie Wavelength Formula is used to calculate the wavelength and momentum
in any given problems based on this concept.
Manipulating quantum information with
spin torque
static spin can be initialized in a state with S2 →1 , after interaction with a large number of flying spins .
possibility of single qubit rotation by an angle around the z-axis through interaction with the itinerant spins.
undesirable side effect
External DC magnetic fields can be eliminated if perfect
half-metallic contacts can be obtained to produce 100%
spin polarized currents suitable for high-fidelity qubit
initialization. These ideal spin currents are currently
difficult to realize experimentally.
itinerant spins for gate operations must be compatible
with the decoherence times of the qubits.
high-purity silicon donor electrons
quantum gates driven by itinerant spins: a current of
160 nA can deliver 104 electrons, sufficient for a qubit
rotation, in ~10 ns
Books
1 A. F. J. Levi, Applied Quantum Mechanics,
Second edition, Cambridge University Press, 2006.
2 Richard L. Liboff, Introductory Quantum
Mechanics, Fourth edition, Pearson Education Inc,
India, 2003.
Photoelectric equation is given by
Kmax=hf−Φ
Kmax=hf+Φ
Kmax=hf∗Φ
Kmax=hf/Φ
When atoms gain, lose, or share electrons they do so
in order to have an electron configuration of a noble
gas.
a) True.
b) False.
Quantum mechanics is the branch of physics that
deals with the behavior of matter and light on a
A. Micro particle
B. Supersonic particle
C. Atomic
D. Ultrasonic particle
Electron shows following nature:
A Particle
B Wave
C both
D none of the above
Find the wavelength of an electron moving with a
speed of 2 x 106 ms-1.
A certain photon has
momentum 1.50×10−27kgms−1. What will be the
photon’s de Broglie wavelength?
The de Broglie wavelength of the electron is 0.26 nm.
Electron particle has the mass of 9.109 ×10−31 kg.
Calculate the magnitude of the velocity of this
electron.
Kmax=hf+Φ
a) True.
C. Atomic
C both
λ = 0.364×109m
442 nm
2.80 ×10^6ms−1
