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INTERNATIONAL A-LEVEL
CHEMISTRY (9620)
Unit 3: Inorganic 2 and Physical 2

Monday 12 June 2023 07:00 GMT Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes

Materials
For this paper you must have:
For Examiner’s Use
• the Periodic Table/Data Sheet, provided as an insert
• a ruler with millimetre measurements Question Mark
• a scientific calculator, which you are expected to use where appropriate.
1

Instructions 2
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen. 3
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. 4
• Answer all questions.
5
• You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write
outside the box around each page or on blank pages. 6
• If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end 7
of this book. Write the question number against your answer(s). 8
• All working must be shown.
9
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not
want to be marked. 10

TOTAL
Information
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• The maximum mark for this paper is 80.

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Answer all questions in the spaces provided. box

0 1 This question is about enthalpy changes.

Figure 1 shows an incomplete Born–Haber cycle for magnesium oxide.

Figure 1

0 1 . 1 Write the formulas, including state symbols, of the appropriate species on each of the
three blank horizontal lines in Figure 1.
[3 marks]

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0 1 . 2 Table 1 shows some enthalpy data. box

Table 1

Enthalpy change ΔH / kJ mol–1

Atomisation of magnesium +150

Atomisation of oxygen +248

First electron affinity of oxygen –142

Second electron affinity of oxygen +844

Enthalpy of formation of magnesium oxide –602

First ionisation energy of magnesium +736

Second ionisation energy of magnesium +1450

Use Figure 1 and Table 1 to calculate the enthalpy of lattice dissociation, in kJ mol–1,
for magnesium oxide.
[2 marks]

Enthalpy of lattice dissociation kJ mol–1

0 1 . 3 The enthalpy of lattice dissociation of barium oxide is less endothermic than the
enthalpy of lattice dissociation of magnesium oxide.

Explain why.
[2 marks]

0 1 . 4 Suggest why the second electron affinity of oxygen is endothermic.

[1 mark]

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0 2 Lead(II) nitrate decomposes when heated. box

2 Pb(NO3)2(s) → 2 PbO(s) + 4 NO2(g) + O2(g)

Table 2 shows how the free-energy change (ΔG) for this reaction varies with
temperature (T ).

Table 2

T/K 200 400 600 800 1000

ΔG / kJ mol–1 440 280 120 –40 –200

0 2 . 1 Use the data from Table 2 to draw a graph on Figure 2.

[2 marks]

Figure 2

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0 2 . 2 Use your graph in Figure 2 and the equation ΔG = ΔH – TΔS to deduce the box

enthalpy change, in kJ mol–1, for the reaction.

[1 mark]

Enthalpy change kJ mol–1

0 2 . 3 Use your graph in Figure 2 to calculate the entropy change, in J K–1 mol–1,
for the reaction.
[3 marks]

Entropy change J K–1 mol–1

0 2 . 4 Deduce the temperature, in K, at which the decomposition becomes feasible.

(If you were unable to answer Question 02.2 or Question 02.3 you should use the
values ΔH = +105 kJ mol–1 and ΔS = +140 J K–1 mol–1
These are not the correct values.)
[1 mark]

Temperature K 7

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0 3 Propanoic acid (CH3CH2COOH) is a weak acid. box

When propanoic acid is added to water, an equilibrium is established.

CH3CH2COOH + H2O ⇌ CH3CH2COO– + H3O+

The acid dissociation constant (Ka) can be given by the expression

[CH3 CH2 COO– ][H3 O+ ]

Ka =
[CH3 CH2 COOH]

0 3 . 1 Explain why the expression for Ka does not include the concentration of water.
[1 mark]

0 3 . 2 Calculate the pH of a 0.150 mol dm–3 solution of propanoic acid at 25 °C

Give your answer to 2 decimal places.

For propanoic acid, Ka = 1.34 × 10–5 mol dm–3 at 25 °C

[2 marks]

pH

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0 3 . 3 A student prepares an acidic buffer solution using propanoic acid and box

sodium propanoate.

The student dissolves some solid sodium propanoate in

100 cm3 of 0.150 mol dm–3 propanoic acid.

Calculate the mass, in g, of sodium propanoate needed to prepare

a buffer solution with pH = 5.06 at 25 °C

For propanoic acid, Ka = 1.34 × 10–5 mol dm–3 at 25 °C

[5 marks]

Mass g

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0 3 . 4 Figure 3 shows the pH curve for a titration involving a solution of propanoic acid. box

Figure 3

Table 3 shows the pH ranges for some indicators.

Table 3

Indicator pH range
Methyl orange 3.1–4.4
Phenol red 6.8–8.4
Indigo carmine 11.4–13.0

Which indicator should be used in this titration?

Tick () one box.

[1 mark]

Methyl orange

Phenol red

Indigo carmine 9

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0 4 The lithium cell is a rechargeable electrochemical cell commonly used in box

mobile phones.

The cell has an EMF of +3.60 V

The reaction that occurs at the positive electrode when the cell is used as a source of
electrical energy is

Li+ + CoO2 + e– → Li+[CoO2]– EƟ = +0.60 V

0 4 . 1 Give the oxidation state of cobalt in LiCoO2

[1 mark]

0 4 . 2 Write an equation for the reaction at the negative electrode when the
cell is being electrically recharged.

Calculate the electrode potential for this electrode.

[2 marks]

Equation

Electrode potential V

0 4 . 3 Some lithium cells use graphite as one of the electrodes.

Give two reasons why a graphite electrode can be used in a lithium cell.
[2 marks]

Reason 1

Reason 2
5

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0 5 This question is about Period 3 elements and their compounds. box

0 5 . 1 Magnesium reacts rapidly with H2O

State a condition needed for the reaction.

Describe two observations you would make during the reaction.

Write an equation for the reaction.

[4 marks]

Condition

Observation 1

Observation 2

Equation

0 5 . 2 Describe two observations you would make when phosphorus(V) oxide

reacts with H2O

Write an equation for the reaction.

[3 marks]

Observation 1

Observation 2

Equation

0 5 . 3 Write an equation for the reaction between aluminium and chlorine.

[1 mark]

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0 5 . 4 Explain, in terms of structure and bonding, why the melting point of sodium chloride box

is higher than the melting point of silicon(IV) chloride.

[4 marks]

0 5 . 5 Some sodium chloride is added to a test tube of water.

What is the approximate pH of the solution formed?

Tick () one box.

[1 mark]

14

0 5 . 6 Some silicon(IV) chloride is added to a test tube of water.

What is the approximate pH of the solution formed?

Tick () one box.

[1 mark]

14

1 14

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0 6 This question is about copper compounds. box

0 6 . 1 Complete the electron configuration of a copper(I) ion.

Suggest why copper(I) chloride is not coloured.

[3 marks]

Electron configuration 1s2

Why copper(I) chloride is not coloured

0 6 . 2 Aqueous copper(II) sulfate is blue.

The energy of a transition in the spectrum of copper(II) sulfate is 3.354 × 10–19 J

Calculate the frequency of the light absorbed in this transition.

State the units for your answer.

The Planck constant, h = 6.626 ×10–34 J s

[3 marks]

Frequency

Units 6

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0 7 Chromium forms octahedral complexes. box

0 7 . 1 State what is meant by a complex.

[1 mark]

0 7 . 2 The [Cr(H2O)4Cl2]+ complex exists as two stereoisomers.

Draw the structure of each stereoisomer.

[2 marks]
Stereoisomer 1 Stereoisomer 2

0 7 . 3 The [Cr(H2O)6]3+ complex undergoes a ligand substitution reaction.

Write an equation for the complete substitution of [Cr(H2O)6]3+ by H2NCH2CH2NH2

to form an octahedral complex.

Explain why this reaction has a positive entropy change.

[3 marks]
Equation

Explanation

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0 8 Figure 4 shows some reactions of aqueous aluminium ions. box

Figure 4

0 8 . 1 Identify compound A and gas B.

[1 mark]

Compound A

Gas B

0 8 . 2 State the type of reaction that forms precipitate C.

[1 mark]

0 8 . 3 Identify reagent D.

State a necessary condition to form complex ion E.

Write an ionic equation for reaction 3.

[3 marks]

Reagent D

Condition

Equation

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0 8 . 4 Give the formula of complex ion F. box

Write an ionic equation for reaction 4.

[2 marks]

Formula

Equation
7

Turn over for the next question

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0 9 A student does an experiment to determine the concentration of a solution of box

potassium manganate(VII)

The student reacts the potassium manganate(VII) solution with a standard solution of
sodium ethanedioate (Na2C2O4)

2 MnO4–(aq) + 5 C2O42–(aq) + 16 H+(aq) → 2 Mn2+(aq) + 10 CO2(g) + 8 H2O(l)

Method
• Dissolve 1.68 g of sodium ethanedioate in water and make the solution up to
250 cm3 in a volumetric flask.
• Transfer 25.0 cm3 of this solution to a conical flask and add 25 cm3 of
dilute sulfuric acid.
• Warm the conical flask in a water bath to about 60 °C
• Add potassium manganate(VII) solution from a burette until there is a
permanent colour change.

Table 4 shows the student’s initial and final burette readings for three titrations.

Table 4

1 2 3

Final reading / cm3 26.25 25.15 34.55

Initial reading / cm3 0.00 0.30 9.60

0 9 . 1 Calculate the mean titre.

Use the mean titre to calculate the concentration, in mol dm–3, of the
potassium manganate(VII) solution.

Mr (Na2C2O4) = 134.0
[5 marks]

Mean titre cm3

Concentration mol dm–3

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0 9 . 2 Suggest why the solution in the conical flask is warmed before starting the titration. box

[1 mark]

0 9 . 3 Before the first titration, a small air bubble was seen in the space below the tap of the
burette.
After the first titration, there was no air bubble in this space.

State the effect of the air bubble on the titre value.

[1 mark]

0 9 . 4 The first titration usually gives an approximate end point.

State why obtaining an approximate end point before starting accurate titrations is
good practical technique.
[1 mark]

0 9 . 5 State and explain the colour change in the conical flask at the end point.
[2 marks]

Colour change

Explanation

0 9 . 6 A second student does the experiment but adds hydrochloric acid instead of
sulfuric acid to the conical flask in the titration.
The chloride ions in hydrochloric acid are oxidised by the manganate(VII) ions.

State the effect, if any, of using hydrochloric acid on the titre values.

Explain why using hydrochloric acid would be more hazardous than using
sulfuric acid.
[2 marks]

Effect on titre values

Explanation
12

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1 0 This question is about the reaction of sulfur dioxide with oxygen to form sulfur trioxide. box

The catalyst for this reaction is vanadium(V) oxide.

1 0 . 1 Name the type of catalysis shown in this reaction.

Write two equations to show how vanadium(V) oxide acts as a catalyst for this
reaction.
[3 marks]

Type of catalysis

Equation 1

Equation 2

1 0 . 2 State the feature of transition metal compounds that allows vanadium(V) oxide to act
as a catalyst for this reaction.
[1 mark]

1 0 . 3 Describe how impurities in the reactants can decrease the effectiveness of the
catalyst.
[1 mark]

1 0 . 4 Give one reason, other than cost, why a support medium is often used for the
vanadium(V) oxide catalyst in this reaction.
[1 mark]

END OF QUESTIONS

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